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- Chapter 4 -Agricul ture
.Exercise:
1. Multiple choice questions. . .
i. · Which one of the following describes a system of agriculture where a _smgle crop is grown on a large
area?
(a) Shifting Agriculture ._J!?.)..Plantation Agriculture (c) Horticultur e (d) Intensive Agriculture
Ans i (o) Plantation Agriculture
ii. Which one of the following is a rabi crop?
(a) Rice _(b) 6ram (c) Millets (d) Cotton
Ans ii (b) Gram
iii. Which one of the following is a leguminous crop?
~ses (b) Jowar ~illets (d) Sesamum
Ans iii Pulses -
1v. Which one of the following is announced by the governmen t in support of a crop?
(a) Maximum support price Jb)-Minimum support ppce
• (c) Moderate support price (d) Influential support price
~ iv (b) Minimum support price
I «' . -
~ 2. Answer the following questions in 3 0 words.
i. · Name one important beverage crop and specify the geographical conditions required for its growth. Q
.AnQ Tea is an important beverage crop. This plant grows well in tropical or sub tropical £!im~~es, and
~eep and fertile well-draine d soil which is rich in humus and organic matter.

ii. Name one staple crop of India and the regions where it is produced.
Ans ii Rice is a staple food crop of India It grows in the plains of north and north-east India, coastal areas
J Fd the deltaic regions.
;

iiiJ r\Rnlist the various institutional reform programme s introduced by the governmen t in the interest of Q
I~ .
i farmers.
~ iii The various institutional reform programme s introduced by the governmen t for the benefit of farmers
,are:
f •

•__.r 1, __r.
- ~~rog ins~ct: ~~~st drou . _g_ht,j!QQ_d, fire _etc_ .,,,---
!'::!i~i~~_§_µp);lort fuce po}icy.-
. J; Subsidy on agricultural inputs and resources such as power and fertilisers. -
.,..4. Kissan Credit Card and Personal Accident Insurance Scheme ...-

iv The land under cultivation has got reduced day by day. Can you imagine its consequenc es?
;£~eclin ing area of land under cultivation coupled with increasing population has many consequen ces.
·~sear e:
1. Food shortage for the rising population.
2._Rise in price of food grains.
3. Unemploym ent and loss of livelihood for farmers.
4. Shortage of supply of raw material for agro-industries.
5. Adverse affect on export trade as agricultural products comprise a major section of internation al
trade.

3. Answer the following questions in about 120 words.

Suggest the initiative taken by the government to ensure the increase in agricultura l prod -

--
1•
· · · · · tak b
Ans i Vanous m1tlattve en y the government to ensure the increase in agn·cultural pro :l , -ucuon.
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· .0 ectivisation, consolidation of holdings, cooperation and abolition of Zamindari etc. were
gtven priority to bring about institutional reforms in the country after independence.
2 · ~d Reform was the main focus of our First Five Year Plan.
3· e Green Revolution was based on the use of package technology and the White Revolution
_ :~r~ some of the strategies initiated to improve the lot ofJndian agriculture. .
4 munum Support Price policy, provision for crop insurance, subsidy on agricultural mputs and
reso~ces such as power and fcrtilizcn;, Gramccn Banks, Kissan Credit Card and Personal
Accident Insurance Scheme arc also some of the reforms bought by Indian Governroent.
~
0. Describe the impact of globalisation on Indian agriculture.
~ h This question is omitted.

~ Describe the geographical conditions required for the growth of rice.

Ans iii
1. Rice is a kharif crop and requires hot and humid climate for cultivation.
2- Temperature above 25°C and high humidity with annual rainfall above 100 cm_are favourable for
growth of rice. - ---· - - ·- -
L =..--...
. 3 · RiclCalluvial soils of the floodplains and deltaic areas whi~h are renewed every yearare-=-fd~al .fvi -1lf
cultivation. '-..;I
4. ~ce requir~ abundant rainfall or good water supply through ~~tion ~d_f!<><2<!ed fields during the
earlier part of its growing season in June-July. -- -· --- ··- -
5. Plenty of cheap labm.rr as most of the farming invol~es manual labour.

Extra Questions:
Very Short Answer Type Questions [1 Mark]
1. Name the type of farming in which crops are grown using primitive tools. "t

Ans I Primitive Subsistence farming.

2. Jhumming refers to what type of cultivation?
Ans 2 It refers to slash and burn agriculture.
3. Intensive subsistence farming i~ practised in which area?
Ans 3 Intensive subsistence farming is practised in areas of high population pressure on land. It is also
called labour intensive fanning.
4. Which term is used for grouping of small landholdings with bigger ones?
Ans 4 The term used for grouping of small landholdings with bigger ones is consolidation of landholdings.
~~
~ Which crop is commercial crop in one state while subsistence crop in another state?
Ans 5 Rice
6. In which season are rabi crops sown in India? Or Mention the sowing period of rabi crops
Ans 6 Ra.bi crops are sown in winter from October to December.
7. Name any one kharif crop .
Ans 7 Rice 8.
8. In states like Assam, three crors of paddy are grown in a year. Name any two such crops.
Ans 8 Three crops of padd_y arc grown in a year in Assam. They are Aus, Aman and Boro. (Any two)
9. Name the second most important cereal crop grown in India.
Ans 9 Wheat is the second most important cereal crop grown in India.
1O. Name the two important wheal growing zones in India. '
Ans to The two wheat growing zones in India are (a) Ganga-Satlui plains in the north (b .
reg10n
. · of the Deccan. " · -west. ) Black soil
11. Write the names of any two millets grown in India
Ans J t Jowar and Bajra are the important millets grown in India.
 12
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• ~ame the state whic h 1s the largest prod ucer of rag1. 0

•Aus 12 Karn atak a is the large st prod ucer of ragi.

13 - Name
the crop whic h is used both as food and fodd
er.
Ans 13 Mai ze is used both as food and fodder.
l 4 · In whic h type of soil does maiz e grow well ?
Ans 14 Mai ze grow s well in old alluvial soil.
• 15. Suga r is the main sour ce of whic h prod
ucts?
Ans 15 Suga r is main sour ce of gur, khan dsari and
mola sses.
16. Nam e the crop in whic h India is the ·larg est
prod ucer and cons ume r.
Ans 16In dia is the large st prod ucer and cons ume r
of the puls es in the worl d.
17 • Nam e the first and the seco nd large st prod
ucer s of grou ndnu t in the worl d in 2014 ·
Ans 17 Chin a is the large st prod ucer of grou ndnu t follo
wed by India as seco nd large st prod ucer in 2014
18. Wha t was the rank of India in rape seed prod .
uctio n in 2014 ?
Ans 18 In rape seed prod uctio n, India was third
large st prod ucer in the worl d after Can ada and
19. Nam e the crop whic h is grow n as a khar if ~hin a in 2014 ·
crop in north and rabi crop in sout h.
Ans 19 Sesa mum
- - Nam e the state whic h was the large st prod
ucer of gro~ dnu t in 2015 -16.
• _ . 20 Guja rat.
~ 2J. - Men tion two beve rage crop s grow n in India
.
Ans 21 Tea and coffe e are two impo rtant beve
rage crop s grow n in India .
22. Whi ch varie ty of coffe e is grow n in India
? Whe re was it initia lly intro duce d?
Ans 22 The Arab i ca varie ty brou ght from Yem en
is prod uced in the coun try. Its culti vatio n was
on the Baba Bud an Hills . intro duce d
23. State the rank of India in tea production in 2014
.
Ans 23 In 2014 India was the seco nd largest prod
ucer of tea after Chin a.
;14. Which-country was the large st prod ucer of
fruits and vege table s in the worl d in 2014 ?
Ans 24C hina
·2s. List any two items in whic h natural rubb er is used.
Ans 25 Auto tyres and tube s, belts and hose
s, footwears, cam el back , Latt.!x foam, dipp ed
and tubes. good s, cycl e tyre s
• · Wha t is the reari ng of silkw orms called?
~ 26 Rear ing of silkw orms is called seric
ulture .
• -r;iW hich fibre is called a golden fibre?
~

Ans 27 Jute
28. What is Whi te Revolution related to?
Ans 28 White Revo lutio n is related to the productio
n of milk . lt is also calle d Ope ratio n Floo d.
29. Nam e any two schemes introduced by the gove
rnme nt to bene fit faim ers.
Ans 29 Kissan Cred it Card s (KCC) and Pers onal
Acci dent Insu ranc e Sche me (PAI S).

Sho rt and Lon g Answ er Typ e Ques tions

30. State any t~ee characteristics of primitive
subs isten ce forming .
.Ans 30 Foll~Wlllg arc the characteristics of primitive
subs isten ce farming:
i. In this type of farming farmers grow crops for self cons
• practised in few pockets of India. ump tion Th" t f fi . .
18
· ype O amu ng 1s still
ii. It is practised on small patches of land.
iii. F~1 ers use primitive tools like hoe, dao and digg
ing sticks,
iv. Only fami ly/co mmu nity labour is used for fann
ing.,
v. This type of farming depends upon natural cond
. .. ition s su h ..
and suita ble cond1t1ons for the crops. . c as mon soon natu I "'- ·1·
' ra 1en1 tty of. the soil
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is also known as 'slash and bum' agriculture. th
Vii. L and productivity in this type of agriculture is low as the farmer do not use ferttTisers or o er
'l ~ m~dern inputs .
..()'~ What is 'slash and bum' agriculture? Explain its salient features. . . . f: .
31 Slash and burn agriculture is the other name for shifting agriculture. It is the mo st pnmitiv~ anmng
Ans
type practised. . . S 1· r: t f this type of agriculture
by the tribal people living in tropical regions. a sent 1ca urcs o
are: '
1. Forests are cleared nnd trees ore burnt to mukc the land available for cultivation.
ii. Primitive tools like hoc, dao and digging sticks arc used for cultivation .
·i·
nl. Thi s type of fam1ing depends upon monsoon, natural 1crlt 1ty o s01 an o
r: f ·1 d ther envuonmenta l

conditions.
iv. Productivity is very low as there- is less use of natural fertilizers and pesticides, etc. (any two)
32 - Mention different names by which r.lash and burn type of farming is knQwn in India Name th.e ~tes
where this type of farming is practiced in India Name any two crops grown in this type of fanmng.
Ans 32 It is known by different names in India like Jhumming, Bewar, Podu etc.
1. Jbumming in north-eastern states like Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Nagaland;
11 • It is practiced in Chattishgarh and Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
m. In this type of fanning mainly food grain crops are grown such as rice, maize, millets. ~
)?,, Explain any four features of intensive subsistence farming in India . '-==-'
j1\ns 33 This type of farming is practised in areas of high density of population where pressure of population
is high on agricultural land.
1. It is labour-intensi ve fanning.
11. High doses of biochemical inputs and irrigation are used for obtaining higher production.
m. Fann size is small and uneconomical due to the division of land.
1v. The farmers take maximum output from the limited land.
v. Farmers do not have any alternative source oflivelihood. Thus, there is enormous pressure on
agricultural land.
34. State any three characteristics of ccmmercial farming.
Ans 34 Commercial farming has following characteristics:
1. Farmers use higher doses of modem inputs, e.g. high yielding variety (HYV) seeds, chemical
fertilisers, insecticides and pesticides.
11. Faaners obtain higher productivity from land due to high doses of inputs.
111. The degree o~ comme~cialisation of agric~lture v~ies f~om ~n~ region to another. For example, ric'---AII\
is a commercial crop m Haryana and PunJab, but m Od1sha, 1t 1s a subsistence crop.
1v. Plantation is also a type of commercial farming.

35. State any two characteristics of plantation farming. Name any two plantation crops. Name any two states
where plantation farming is practiced.
Ans 35 Plantation farming is a type of commercial farming.
1. In this type of fam1ing, a single crop is grown on a large area.
ii. The plantation has an interface of agriculture and industry.
iii. Capital intc~siv~ inp~ls such 03 modem machinery arc used with the help of migrant labourers.
iv. The production 1s mainly for niarkct and nll the produce is used ns raw material in respective
industries.
· areas,
connect th e p Iantation
v. It requires
. well-developed
. . , n to
network of transport and communic·ttio
processing mdustncs and marl.cts together.
·
· In India, tea, coffee, rubbe-, sugarcane, banana. etc · are important pIantat·10n crops. Plantat1on
. . . .
fannmg 1s practiced m.Assam, West Bengal and Kamataka where crops 1·k t d IT'.
1 e ea an couee are gro,vn.
( .
, 36? ~xplain the features of three croppmg _seasons
__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __J
in India

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~ ab. e three cropping seasons in India are rabi, khaiif and zaid ·
1 rops·
1. ' Th .
. ese crops are sown in winter from October to Decembe r and h arves te d 10
. summer from Ap1iJ to
· -
June. ·
ii.
0Soine of the important rabi crops are wheat, barlc_y, P':as, gr~m au<l mu st?rd · d Kashmir
iii.
Northern and northwest ern states such~s Punjab, Ilarya1:~ II01acl_!.~racl«;sh, J~mmH: ar,i
· '
Uttaranch al and Uttar.P-;; i~h are important fur the productio n of rE..bi crops. h
lV. S.... -... -- · · · d mg winter months due tot e
uccess of rabi crops depend on the availability of prcc1p1ta twn ur
Western temperate cyclones.
v. :!.~However, the success of the Green Revolution in Punjab, llaryana, weSlern Uttar Pradesh and parts
J&if Rajasthan has also been an important factor in the growth of the rabi crops.
~crop s:
i. Lfiiese crops are grown with the onset of monsoon and harvested in ~ptembe r-Octobe r.
··
11 · · b · tu (arhar) moong
• Importan t crops grown_ d ~ this season are rice (paddy), ~~e, J.~~~!. _~JE~~~- . __.! • - •· - .,, '
~
1
cotton, jute, filOunqnut and -~~ya~e~~ --· ·-· ...,. . .
m. Some of the most important kharif regions are Assam, West Beng~ coastal.re gions ~f~s~a , the
e Konkan coast, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. - •-
2

• ~~id season: . · - .
1. In between the rabi and the kharif seasons, there is a short season dunng the summer months known
as the Zaid season.
11. Some of the c1:ops produced during zaid are watermelo n, muskmelo n, cucumbe r, vegetable s, fodder
~rops and sugarcane.
37. Compare primitive subsistence and commercial farming.
Ans37
Primitive Subsistence Fannin : Commer cial FaL·min
• Small atches of land are cultivated. Lar e tracts of land are bro t under cultivatio n.
Use of primitive tools like hoe, dao and·digging Use of modem rr.1ethods like tractors, and
· sticks. harvestors.
Depends of natural fertility of the soil and Uses chemical fertilisers , insecticid es and
favourabl e environmental factors. esticides.
Hea de endence on monsoon. Little or no de eudence on monsoon .
ur intensive with family members engaged in Capital intensive due the use of HYV seeds
roduction. technolo and mi t labours. '
are three cropping seasons oflndia? Explain any one in brief
✓ Ans 38 India has the following three cropping seasons:
(a) Rabi (b) Kharif (c) Zaid
a. Rabi season: Crops sown in winter from October to Decembe r JIarvested ·,n s
. • r.
ummer 1rom A pnl·
June. Mam crop-wheat, barley, peas, gram, mustard. to
b. Kharif season: Crops grown with the onset of monsoon in different parts of the country Harvest
d -
Se~tember-October. Main crops Maize, jowar, bajra, cotton, soyabean. · c
111
c. Zaid crops: Crops sown between rabi and khari f seasons M · .
cucwnber, fodder etc. · am crops. watermel on, muskmel on,
ho)Menti on the geographical requircmenls for Lhc growth of wheat· - M .
D zones. • m 1n0 ta. entton two wheat growing
J\DS 39 Wheat is the second most important Ct.!rcal crop It · th
, )
· ti . '
parts of India. It is a rabi crop. Geographical co d't: tsfi ehmam ood crop, 10 north and northwes tern
. n I tons or t e growth of wh t .
a. It r~utres a cool growing season. ea are.
b. Bright sunshine at the time of ripening.
c. It requires 50 to 75 cm of annual rainfall.
d. The rainfall should be evenly distribrned m , . ti .
l::I ie growing season.
---
4
_ p_o_rt_an___,!t':.!.~-heat growing~~;;; i~ the coun~ ~ ; (a) The Ganga-Sutluj plains in the ~ -
~T;;:;-he_tw_o_im
West. (b) Black soil region of th,: Deccan.
O. What are millets? Why arc millets "cry important crops of India?
Ans 4oMillets are coarse groins like rngi , bajra nnd jowar. Mil lets are very important crops oflnd ia because
of the following reasons:
a. They are highly nutritious. n.agi is rich in iron, calcium and roughage.
b. They can be grown in min-f~d nrcas and hordly needs it rigation.
41 · Mention the major crops that
come w1der millets. Stale the geographical conditions required for tbeir
cultivation along "'ith the areas where they are grown. .
Ans 41 Jowar, bajra and ragi are the important millets grown in India These are known as coarse grams.
They have very high nutritional value. Ragi is very rich in iron, calcium, other micro nutrients and
roughage.
(i) Jowar is the third most important food crop with respect to area and production.
(ii) It is a rain-fed crop mostly grown in the moist areas which hardly needs irrigation.
(iii) Maharashtra is the largest producer of jowar followed by Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and
Madhya Pradesh.
(iv)
(v)
Bajra grows well on sandy :.oils and shallow black soil.
Rajasthan is the largest producer of bajra followed by Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat and ~
e
Haryana
(vi) Ragi is a crop of dry regions and grows well on red, black, sandy, loamy and shallow black soils.
(vii) Major ragi producing states are Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Sikkim,
Jharkharid and Arunachal Pradesh.
42. Name the crop used both as food a".ld fodder. Mention the geographical conditions required for the
growth of such crop.
Ans 42 Maize crop is used both as food and fodder. It is a kharif crop. It requires temperature between 21 °C
to 27°C. It grows well in old alluvial soil.
43. Name the pulses grown in India along with the geographical conditions required.
••
Ans 43 Pulses grown in India-arhar, mad, moong, masur, peas and gram.
1. India is the largest producer as well as the consumer of pulses in the world.
11. These are the major source of protein in a vegetarian diet
m. Major pulses that are grown in India are tur (arhar), urad, m.oong, masur, peas and gram.
iv. Pulses need less moisture and survive even in dry conditions.
44. Name some leguminous crops. Write whether they are rabi or kharif crops. What is their importance?
Ans 44 Some leguminous crops are urad, arhar, moong and peas. Arhar, urad and moong are kharif crops
while pea is a rabi crop. Their imrortance are as follows:
,. Pulses are an important source of protein in a vegetarian diet.
11 • Being leguminous crops, all these crops, except arhar, help in restoring soil fertility by fixing
nitrogen from air. Therefore, they are grown in rotation with other crops.
45. What is the importance of pulses in our country? Why are pulses grown as rotation crop? Name two
major pulse producing stales of Indi<t.'
Ans 45 Jndia is the largest producer and consumer of pulses in the world. They are the main source of protein
in a vegetarian diet. Pulses need less moisture and survive in dry climate. Pulses are leguminous crops
and all the crops, except arhar, help in restoring soil fc1tility by fixing nitrogen from the air. Since they
make the soil fertile, they arc grown in rotation with other crops Major pulses producing states in India
are Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uuar Pradesh,
46. Name some oilseeds produced in India. I low arc thl'Y used? Name two oilseeds which can be grown both
as a rabi crop and kharif crop.
Ans 46 The oilseeds produced in India are groundnut, mustard, coconut, sesamum and sunflower. Most of
these oilseeds are edible and used as a cooking medium.
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t:rnents Sesamum and
orne-of these are also used as raw materials for making soap, cosmetics and om ·
· Caster seed is grown both as rabi and kharif crop.
47
· Mention the geographical conditions required for the cullivation of sugarcane.
t\ns47
1. Sugarcane is a tropical as well as a subtropical crop.
ii. It grows well in hot and humid climate
iii. It requires a temperature of21 °C to 27°C with an annual rainfall between 75cm. and lOOcm.
IV. Irrigation is required in the regions oflow rainfall.
V. It can be gmwn on a variety of soils ·
~arne the important bevernge crop introduced by the British in India. E~~lajn the geographical
~ditions needed for its cultivation. Write two important states where it 1s grown.
Ans 48 Tea was introduced by the British in India. It is a beverage crop
i. The tea plant grows well in tropical and sub-tropical conditiom;, with deep and fertile well-drained
soil, rich in humus and organic matter.
ii. Tea bushes require warm, moist and frost-free climate all through the year. .
iii. Frequent showers, evenly distributed over the year, ensure concinuous growth of tender leaves .
• iv. Major tea producing states are Assam and West Bengal (hills of Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri districts) .
. .9. Write a short note on coffee cultivation in India. . . . .
'---- Ans 49In2014 India produced 3 .5% of the world coffee product10n. Indian coffee 1s known m the world for
its good quality. The Arabica variety brought from Yemen is produced in the country. Initially its
cultivation was introduced on the Baba Budan Hills and even today it is cultivation confined to the
Nilgiri in Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
50. Write a note on horticulture crops grown in India.
Ans SO Horticulture crops include fruits and vegetab\es. In 2014 India was the second largest producer of
fruits and vegetables in the world after China. India produces tropical as well as temperatefruits •as
• under:
a. Mangoes in Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.
b. Oranges in N~apur and Cherrapunjee (Meghalaya).
c. Bananas from Kerala, Mizoram, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu are world famous.
d.. Lichi and guava of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
e. Pineapples of Meghalaya.
f. Grapes of And.bra Pradesh, Telangana and Maharashtra.
g. Apples, pears, apricots and walnuts of Jammu and Kashmir anj Himachal Pradesh are in great
demand the world over.
h. India produces about 13% of the world's vegetables. It is an important producer of pea, cauliflower,
onion, cabbage, tomato, br~jal and potato.
51. Mention the geographical conditions required for the cultivation of rubber. Name the areas where it is
grown.
Ans 51 Rubber
a It is an equatorial crop, but under special conditions, it is also grown in tropical and sub-tropical
areas.
b. It requires moist and humid climate with rainfall of more than 200 cm.
c. Temperature above 25°C is' excellent for this crop.
It is mainly grown in Kcrala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Andaman and Nicabar islands and G
hills of Meghalaya. ' aro
· W
52. Why do you think Kerala is the largest producer of rubber in In<li&? State the rank of Ina·1am .
. orld m
the natural rubber production in 2012-13.
•
Ans 52 Kerala lies in the tropical region and has ideal geographical ai:d climatic cond'1llons .
for growrng
ru bbe r.

7
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...,,.1_,u~~i,.a
·=-d- ate with rainfall 01 mere
The climatic conditions required for growmg rubber are moi st and wm . c tm ' I
20
12-13 lndia·
than 200 cm and temperature above 25°C. It is an equatorial crop best smted for Kera a. n
1 ~
ranked fourth among the world's natural rubber producers.
53. Give a brief account of cotton pr0duction in India. · . aten:als
· of the mam raw m
Ans 53 India is believed to be the oririnaJ home of the cotton PIant. Cotton is one . In I d. •t
, f aft r Chma n ia, I
for cotton textile industry. In 2014 India was second largest producer o cotton e .
. M· tton producmg states are
grows well in drier parts of the black cotton soil of the Deccan plateau. aJor co . . b
I a, Tamil Nadu, PunJa ,
-Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Kamatakn, Andhm Prad es h , T e angan
Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. d · stat ·
· ·ute pro ucmg es m
54. Mention the physical conditions for the growth of golden fibre. Name th c ma.JOT J
India.
Ans 54Jute
a. It is known as the golden fibn:. .
b. Jute grows well on well-drained fertile soils in the flood plains where soils are renewed eve~ year.
c. High temperature is required during the time of growth. . .
d. West Bengal, Bihar, Assam, Odisha and Megbalaya are the major jute producing states. It 15 used m
making gunny bags, mats, ropes, yarn, carpets and other artefacts. e
55. What are the challenges faced by jute in India? · . . . . ~ 4
Ans 55 The major challenge faced by jute is the expanding market of synthetic fibre. It 1s cheap and 15 bem~~
used for variety of purpose like packaging or making carpets etc. on the other hand jute is very
expensive.
56. Why does the ·government announce minimum support price, remunerative and procurement prices for
important crops?
Ans 56 The government announces the minimum support price and procurement price to save the farmers
from exploitation by speculators and middlemen. Procurement price is the price at which -the government
actually buys the produce from the farmers. At the beginning of the growing season, the government · •
announces the minimum support price and if the farmers do not get that price from the middlemen, the
produce is purchased by the government.
57. Agriculture is the mainstay of the Indian economy.' Explain the statement by giving three points.
Ans 57 Agriculture is the mainstay of the Indian economy because:
i. More than half of the population is dependent on agriculture for sustenance. -
ii. It generates large scale employment. In 2010-11 about 52% of total work force was employed by the
farm sector. -:2,t
iii. It provides food for feeding millions. .
iv. It provides raw materials torr.any agro-based industries like cotton, rubber, sugar.
_,....~- Export of agricultural produc1s like tea and spices earns valuable foreign exchange.
(._~}..fontion the geographical conditions required for the growth of cotton along with any four cotton
producing states.
Ans 58 Geographical conditions required for the growth of cotton are:
i. Cotton grows well in the drier parts of the black cotton soil of the Deccan plateau.
ii. It requires high temperature, light rainfall or irrigation, 210-frost-free days and bright sun-shine for
its growth.
iii. It is a kharif crop and requiref: 6 to 8 months to mature.
iv. Major cotton producing states are Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Kamataka, Andhra
Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Ilaryana and Uttar Pradesh.
59. Expl~n any five_ features of comprehensive land development programme initiated during 1980 and
1990s. Or Descnbe any five technolo!ricaJ and institutional refonns ·n ·1 ·ated to ·
1 1 1 th
. . . . "' . . . improve e standard of
agnculture m India. Or Describe dny four mstttuhonal reforms introduced b , th ,,. . .
. ) e go'vcmment of India m
the mterest of the fa1mers.
8
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.l.T.a..ri ..L.~U.r JLJL'-.' -' 1''f'r>..A

e included both institutional and technical reforms.

.,.. . - _ _ _ _ _ •

~s 59 Comprehensive land development programm

- Follo wing refor ms were introduced:
, cyclone, fiTe and disea se.
i. Prov ision for crop insurance against drought, flood to the
societies and buik s for prov iding loan facil ities
ii. Estab lishm ent of Gram een Bank s, cooperative
rtant steps in this direc tion.
fann ers at lowe r rates of inter est were some impo
easy avail abili ty of inpu ts.
lll. Kiss an Cred it Card (KCC ) was introduced for
introduced by the Gove rnme nt of India for the
iv. Perso nal Acci dent Insur ance Sche me (PAI S) was
bene fit of the farmers. and
ramm es for farm ers were intro duce d on the radio
v. Spec ial weat her bulle tins and agricultural prog
television.
s for
ort price, remu nera tive and proc urem ent price
vi. The gove rnme nt also anno unce d mini mum supp
ers by spec ulato rs and midd leme n .
impo rtant crops to chec k the exploitation of farm

..