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Experiment No 01

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4 views

Experiment No 01

Uploaded by

mr.fahim22004
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Experiment No-01

Experiment Name: To be familiar with the operation of an oscilloscope and measuring


corresponding Ac quantities. from the waveform obtained from the oscilloscope
Objective: The purpose of this experiment is to become familiar with the function generator
and oscilloscope to measure peaks value, peak to peak values, average value, rms value, time
period, frequency and phare difference using oscilloscope.
Theory: Ac fundamentals:
1. wave Shope: The shape of the curve is obtained by putting the instantaneous values of
voltage or current as the ordinates against time an abscissa (x axis value) is called waveform
or wave shape
2. Cycle: One complete set of positive and negative values of an alternating quantity is called
a cycle. One complete cycle is 2𝜋 or 360°
3. Time period: The time required to complete one cycle of the alternating quantity is called
period expressed by the symbol T.
4. Frequency: The Number of cycles per second is called the frequency of the alternating
quality. Unit is hertz (Hz), frequency, f = 1 𝑇 Hz
5. Peak Value: The maximum instantaneous value of a function or waveform is called the peak
amplitude.
6. Peak to peak value (P-P): It is the sum of the magnitude of the positive peak and negative
peak of a given wave form for a voltage waveform. It is denoted by Vp-p = |𝑉𝑚| + | - 𝑉𝑚| =
2𝑉𝑚
7. Average value: The steady current that transfer across any circuit the Same charge as it
transferred by that alternating current using the same time expresses the average value of a
Sinusoid. Where Vm is the maximum value of the sinusoid.
8 RMS value: The root mean square (RMS) value is the equivalent value of an alternating
quantity which is given by the Steady current which when flowing through a given circuit.
9. phase difference: phase difference is the difference of phases corresponding to Similar point
of two alternating, wave (Provided that frequency ware must be same)
10. Leading and Lagging Wave: In this figure there are two waves. I1 and I2. I1 leads I2 by
angle 𝛼 or I2 lags I1 by the angle 𝛼

Sine wave form, Sine: Vp-p = 2p-22rms

Triangular Wave form, Triangle: Vp-p = 2Vp = 23Vrms

Square Wave form, Square: Vp-p = 2p = 2rms


Apparatus:
1. Function Generator.
2. Oscilloscope
3. Proves and connecting wires

Observations:
Frequency Vp Vp-p Vrms Vavg

1.5 1 2 0.71 0.64


2.5 2 4 1.41 1.27
Theoretical 3.5 3 6 2.12 1.91
5 6 12 4.24 3.82
6 4 8 2.83 2.55
1.5 0.99 1.98 0.70 0.63
2.5 1.98 3.96 1.40 1.26
Practical 3.5 2.96 5.92 2.09 1.88
5 5.98 11.96 4.23 3.81
6 3.98 7.96 2.81 2.53

Error:

0.707−0.70
×100%=0.99%
0.707

1.41−1.4
×100%=0.709%
1.4

2.12−2.09
×100%=1.41%
2.12

4.24−4.23
×100%=0.23%
4.24

2.83−2.81
×100%=0.706%
2.83
Result:

The experiment helped in understanding the basic operation of an oscilloscope


and measuring important AC quantities such as frequency, peak voltage, and
RMS voltage. The observations indicate that the waveform may not be purely
sinusoidal, based on discrepancies between calculated and measured RMS
voltages.

Discussion:
During the experiment, discrepancies were observed between the calculated and
provided RMS voltage values, particularly when using the relation Vrms =
Vp/√2, which is valid for ideal sinusoidal waveforms. Thesignificant differences
suggest that the waveform may not be purely sinusoidal, possibly due to
distortion, harmonics, or noise. Additionally,

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