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Beginning
Unreal Engine 4
Blueprints Visual
Scripting
Using C++: From Beginner to Pro
—
Satheesh Pv
 Beginning Unreal
Engine 4 Blueprints
Visual Scripting
Using C++: From
Beginner to Pro

Satheesh Pv
Beginning Unreal Engine 4 Blueprints Visual Scripting
Satheesh Pv
Mumbai, India

ISBN-13 (pbk): 978-1-4842-6395-2 ISBN-13 (electronic): 978-1-4842-6396-9

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-6396-9

Copyright © 2021 by Satheesh Pv

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Printed on acid-free paper
 Thanks to Jesus for His guidance and to
my wife, mother, and brother for their continuous
support, and a big thanks to Apress for giving me the
opportunity to write this book
Table of Contents
About the Author���������������������������������������������������������������������������������ix
About the Technical Reviewer�������������������������������������������������������������xi
Introduction���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������xiii

Chapter 1: Introduction to Unreal Engine 4������������������������������������������1

Getting Unreal Engine�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������1
Download from Epic Games Launcher������������������������������������������������������������2
Download from GitHub������������������������������������������������������������������������������������3
Getting to Know Unreal Editor�������������������������������������������������������������������������������5
Project Structure���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������8
An Unreal Editor Tour���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������9

Chapter 2: Introduction to Blueprints�������������������������������������������������21

Nodes������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������21
Blueprint Types���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������22
Blueprint Classes�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������23
Level Blueprint�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������25
Blueprint Interface�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������27
Blueprint Macro Library���������������������������������������������������������������������������������30

v
Table of Contents

Chapter 3: C++ and Unreal Engine 4��������������������������������������������������33

Installing Visual Studio����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������33
Adding C++ Code������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������34
Examining the Header�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������39
Examining the Source File�����������������������������������������������������������������������������42
Exposing Variables and Functions to Blueprints�������������������������������������������������43
Modifying the Header������������������������������������������������������������������������������������43
Modifying the Source File������������������������������������������������������������������������������45
The Final Code�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������47
Using the Class����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������50
Calling C++ Functions in Blueprints�������������������������������������������������������������������51

Chapter 4: Gameplay Classes�������������������������������������������������������������55

Actor�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������55
Game Mode Base������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������55
Game State Base�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������56
Game Instance����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������56
Pawn�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������58
Character������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������58
Player Controller�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������58
Player State���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������59
Creating Character Class and Player Controller Class����������������������������������������60
Creating and Showing Data on HUD��������������������������������������������������������������������71

vi
 Table of Contents

Chapter 5: Physics and Raycasting����������������������������������������������������79

Simulation�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������79
Collision��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������81
Using Trace (Raycast) to Pick up an Item������������������������������������������������������������83
Destruction Using Physics����������������������������������������������������������������������������������93

Chapter 6: Importing Meshes and Textures��������������������������������������101

Creating Material����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������106
Material Types���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������109
Modifying Materials at Runtime Using Blueprint and C++��������������������������119

Chapter 7: Demo Game���������������������������������������������������������������������131

Creating the Project������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������131
Ammo Setup�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������135
Ammo Pickup����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������154
Package Game��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������158

Index�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������163

vii
About the Author
Satheesh Pv is a game programmer living in
Mumbai, India. He started his career as a game
developer in 2012 by making a first-person
multiplayer game with his brother and close
friend using the Unreal Development Kit.
Satheesh created Unreal X-Editor, an IDE
developed for UnrealScript, the native
scripting language of Unreal Engine 3. He
was selected by Epic Games as one of the
closed beta-testers for Unreal Engine 4 before
its public release. He is also a moderator at Unreal Engine forums and a
spotlight member and engine contributor.

ix
About the Technical Reviewer
Pranav Paharia is a game developer who
has worked on game technologies like
Cocos2dx, Unity3D, and Unreal Engine 4.
He has a bachelor’s degree in information
technology and a postgraduate degree in
game development. After realizing his die-
hard interest in games, he started his career
in game development by working for Indie
Game Studios making mobile games in many genres. One of the projects
he worked on, Song of Swords, won the NASSCOM 2013 People’s Choice of
the Year Award. He has worked on a variety of systems for games, including
gameplay, multiplayer, data pipelines, and cinematics. He is proficient
in C++ and C# and can work on any game technology to create mind-
boggling simulations. He is a self-taught programmer and designer.
Since 2013, Pranav has created simulations for single-player games,
multiplayer games, card games, VR games, AR simulations, serious
games, training simulations, and learning games. He has also worked
on a few game development books. With his vast experience in creating
simulations, he is now involved in solving real-life problems using the
latest technologies, such as creating architectural visualizations, VR
training systems, and medical data imaging for clients like DRDO India,
Zaha Hadid, Line Creative, and MediaMonks.

xi
About the Technical Reviewer

Apart from developing graphical simulations, Pranav is currently

working on creating virtual productions tech using Unreal Engine. He is
an avid gamer who loves Dota 2. He also has keen interest in photography,
reading books with philosophical context, and riding his bike on long road
trips. He is grateful to Krsna for guiding him through his purpose in life.
You can contact him at [email protected]; also check out his
website at www.pranavpaharia.com.

xii
Introduction
This book covers the basics of Unreal Engine, including Blueprints,
materials, and C++. It starts with downloading Unreal Engine using Epic
Games Launcher and using the GitHub version. From there, it moves
forward to Blueprint classes and the common classes, such as Game Mode,
Game State, Game Instance, and Player Controller. You learn about how to
add C++ and get a brief introduction to Unreal C++, materials, and physics.
At the end of the book, you make a small demo game extended from a first-­
person template using Blueprints. In this demo game, you learn how to
add ammo and ammo pickup.
This book is primarily aimed at beginners who want to learn more
about the Engine, how a project is structured, Unreal Blueprints, and C++.

xiii
CHAPTER 1

Introduction to
Unreal Engine 4
Hello there, and welcome to this beginner’s guide to Unreal Engine 4.
Throughout this book, you learn about different aspects of Unreal
Engine 4, and you learn to create a sample game with the knowledge
you gain. In this chapter, you learn how to download Unreal Engine
through Epic Games Launcher and GitHub. After that, you learn how
a project is structured and become familiar with the Unreal Editor
interface.

Getting Unreal Engine

This chapter looks at how you acquire Unreal Engine. You can download
it through either Epic Games Launcher or GitHub. Either way, you need to
create an account at www.unrealengine.com, which is free.
First, let’s look at the differences between Epic Games Launcher and
GitHub.

© Satheesh Pv 2021 1
S. Pv, Beginning Unreal Engine 4 Blueprints Visual Scripting,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-6396-9_1
Chapter 1 Introduction to Unreal Engine 4

• The Epic Games Launcher version (a.k.a. the binary

version or vanilla version) of Unreal Engine 4 comes
with the engine prebuilt, and you can select the
platforms you need. You can also select the engine
source, starter template, feature packs, and so forth, if
you need them. The binary version does not support
creating dedicated servers for your game, so if you
are planning to develop a multiplayer game with a
dedicated server, you must use the source version.

• The GitHub version (a.k.a. the source version) gives

you the entire source code of the engine without any
binaries, so you need to compile it manually. The
source code version of the engine is typically used by
developers who want to fix the engine’s bugs or add
new features. This version is also required if your game
relies on a dedicated server. The prerequisites for the
source code version of the engine are Visual Studio
2019 (or higher) on Windows or Xcode on macOS.

Download from Epic Games Launcher

If you don’t have an Epic Games account, you need to create one at
www.unrealengine.com/id/register.
If you do have an Epic Games account, then head over to
www.unrealengine.com/en-US/get-now and select your license to
download and install Epic Games Launcher for your platform. After
installation, open the launcher, and log in using your credentials. You
should see the screenshot shown Figure 1-1.

2
 Chapter 1 Introduction to Unreal Engine 4

Figure 1-1. Epic Games Launcher with engine version4.24 installed

Near the ENGINE VERSIONS tab, you can see a + button, which allows
you to download and install any engine version you want.

Download from GitHub

If you prefer to work with the source version of the engine, you can do so
by downloading the engine source code and compiling it yourself, but you
must have Visual Studio 2019 (with C++ support enabled) installed if you
use Windows or Xcode if you are on macOS.
First, you must create a GitHub account (it’s free) and log in to your
Epic Games account. Once logged in, go to your account dashboard in
Epic Games and link your GitHub account. After this, you are ready to
download the full source code for Unreal Engine 4.

3
Chapter 1 Introduction to Unreal Engine 4

Downloading Source Code

Once you have access to the Unreal Engine repository, you can click the
Clone or download button and select the Download ZIP button (as seen
in Figure 1-2).

Figure 1-2. Download ZIP button in Unreal Engine Git repository

Cloning the Unreal Engine Repository

To clone a repository, you need to have a Git client installed. Cloning is
the process of downloading or copying a repository into an empty folder
in your working machine, including the full Git history, so you can use Git
commands. You only download the source code without any Git files, so
you won’t track changes or have any information about previous commits.
I use SourceTree from Atlassian.

Note If you prefer other tools, please visit https://git-scm.

com/download/gui/windows for Windows or https://git-­
scm.com/download/gui/mac for macOS.

4
 Chapter 1 Introduction to Unreal Engine 4

After installing SourceTree, open the application. In the new tab, select
Add an account. In the new window, switch the hosting service to GitHub
and select the Refresh OAuth Token button. Once SourceTree has access
to your repos, you can select Unreal Engine repo from your repositories
list and then select Clone. This lets you choose a path to save the files.
Under Advanced Options, select the release branch and click the Clone
button.
Once cloning is done or after downloading the ZIP file, go to the
directory and double-click the Setup.bat file. (If you downloaded the ZIP
file, extract it first). You can include or exclude specific platforms by passing
the necessary flags in the Setup.bat file. For example, to exclude Mac and
iOS platforms on a Windows machine, you can run Setup.bat like this:

Setup.bat --exclude=Mac --exclude=iOS

This ensures that any dependencies and files required for the
Mac and iOS platforms are skipped. Once Setup.bat finishes, run
GenerateProjectFiles.bat, which generates the UE4 solution file that you
can open in Visual Studio. After opening the solution file, you can see UE4
under the Engine folder in Solution Explorer. Right-click UE4 and select
Build. This starts the build process, which might take an hour or more to
compile, depending on your hardware.

Getting to Know Unreal Editor

Now that you have installed (or compiled) your engine, let’s start it up.
Throughout this book, we only work with the binary version of the engine,
which is 4.24. You create a blank project and learn about the aspects of the
engine. To start the engine, click the Launch button for 4.24.3. This opens
the Unreal Project Browser window, where you can select an existing
project or create a new one from scratch or a template (see Figure 1-3).

5
Chapter 1 Introduction to Unreal Engine 4

Figure 1-3.

Let’s select Blank Project and click Next. On the next page, you are
prompted to either start a blank project or create one based on a template.
For our purposes, let’s select a blank template and click Next. This gives
you a project with no code or content and with the default settings. Finally,
the last page allows you to do basic configuration and name your project.
Let’s go through the Project Settings page shown in Figure 1-4.

6
 Chapter 1 Introduction to Unreal Engine 4

Figure 1-4.

• Blueprint (labeled 1 in the screenshot) lets you choose

whether your project is based on Blueprints or C++. If
you start in Blueprints, you can later add C++ code to
your project.

• Depending on your project, you can change Maximum

Quality (labeled 2 in the screenshot) to Scalable
3D/2D. The first option is suitable for PCs/consoles,
and the second option is suitable for mobile.

• If you target high-end PC games and own an Nvidia

RTX graphics card, you can enable raytracing features
(labeled 3 in the screenshot) for your game.

• Desktop/Console (labeled 4 in the screenshot) lets you

select the closest equivalent target platform.

7
Chapter 1 Introduction to Unreal Engine 4

• With Starter Content (labeled 5 in the screenshot) lets

you choose if you want to copy starter content to your
project. It contains simple meshes with basic materials.

• Folder (labeled 6 in the screenshot) is where you enter

the location of the project’s folder.

• Name (labeled 7 in the screenshot) is where you enter

the name of your newly created project.

To create the project, click the Create Project button. This starts the
engine with an empty project ready for you to create.

P
 roject Structure
Next, let’s look at the project folder you just created to see how a project is
structured. If you navigate to the project folder, you should see a structure
similar to the screenshot shown in Figure 1-5.

Figure 1-5. An example project (note that the project name might
differ)

• Config: This folder is where the settings are saved when

you change editor preferences or project settings. You
can also create your config files to save data.

• Content: This folder is where all your game assets are

saved.

8
 Chapter 1 Introduction to Unreal Engine 4

• Intermediate: Editor and game temporary files are

generated here. It is safe to delete this folder, and it is
automatically regenerated when the editor is started
next.
• Saved: This folder contains all the autogenerated
config files, log files, and autosaves.

The following are other folders that you might see.

• Binaries: This folder contains the DLL files for your

project. It only appears if your project contains C++
source code.

• DerivedDataCache: This folder contains versions of

your assets on its target platforms. You can safely delete
this folder, and the editor regenerates it next time.

• Source: This folder contains header (.h) and source

(.cpp) files. It only appears if your project contains C++
source code.

• Plugins: This folder contains all the plugins for your

project. To create a new plugin, your project must
contain C++.

An Unreal Editor Tour

Once the engine starts, your screen should look similar to Figure 1-6.

9
Chapter 1 Introduction to Unreal Engine 4

Figure 1-6. Default Unreal Editor user interface

Let’s go through the layout of the Unreal Editor as seen in Figure 1-6.

• The area labeled 1 is the toolbar. Here you can save the
current scene, open the Content Browser, access quick
settings, build lighting, Play In Editor, and so forth.

• The area labeled 2 is the Modes panel. Here you can

switch between different modes, such as Placing Actors
mode (default), Mesh Paint mode, Landscape mode,
Foliage mode, and Brush mode.

• The area labeled 3 is the Content Browser where you

import or create all the assets.

• The area labeled 4 is the Details panel, where you

modify the properties of the selected actor that is
placed inside a level.

10
 Chapter 1 Introduction to Unreal Engine 4

• The area labeled 5 is World Outliner. It shows all actors

currently present inside the level. Using the eye icon,
you can quickly hide/unhide actors.

• The area labeled the menu bar. It allows you to add

a new C++ class, access editor and project settings,
reopen closed tabs, and so forth.

T he Toolbar
The toolbar is displayed right above the viewport. It provides easy access to
various editor commands.

• Save: Saves the current scene. If the current scene is

not saved, it prompts the user to select a location to
save the map.

• Source Control: Provides access to different source

controls, like Perforce, Git, Subversion, and so forth.
You can install other source control plugins too. Source
control is the practice of tracking and managing
changes to code or assets. You can read more about
source control at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Version_control.

• Content: Opens the Content Browser.

• Marketplace: Opens the UE4 marketplace in your

default browser.

• Settings: Gives quick access to some editor settings, as

well as Project Settings and World Settings.

• Blueprints: Creates a new Blueprint class or opens a

Level Blueprint. You learn more about Blueprints in the
next chapter.

11
Chapter 1 Introduction to Unreal Engine 4

• Cinematics: Adds level or master sequences.

• Build: Builds lighting, navigation, geometry, and so

forth. This button is disabled when Play In Session is
active, or the current level is previewing in less than
Shader Model 5.

• Play: Plays the current level in the active viewport. The

arrow next to the Play button shows a drop-down with
options that let the developer play the game in a new
window, mobile preview, as a stand-alone game, and
so forth. You can also set the game to start a dedicated
server for testing multiplayer games.

• Launch: Launches the current level in a given device.

Modes
The Modes panel switches between various tool modes for the editor. Each
mode panel can be switched by pressing Shift + 1 to 5.

• Place mode (Shift+1): Places actors in a scene.

• Paint mode (Shift+2): Allows you to vertex paint a Static

Mesh Actor directly on the viewport. This means you
can paint color data onto the vertices of the Static Mesh
Actor that is placed on the level and use that information
in the material assigned to that Static Mesh.

• Landscape mode (Shift+3): Creates new landscapes

or edits existing ones.

• Foliage mode (Shift+4): Paints foliage.

• Brush mode (Shift+5): Modifies BSP (binary space

partitioning) brushes. It is a geometry tool to quickly
prototype or block-out levels.

12
 Chapter 1 Introduction to Unreal Engine 4

Content Browser
The Content Browser is the heart of your project. All the assets that make
up your blockbuster game reside here. You can import supported file
types and create new assets like Blueprint, Materials, and Sequences.
The Content Browser allows you to favorite your assets and arrange them
in your own collections for quick access, which improves your workflow
significantly. So let’s look at them.

Favorites
You can assign any folder as favorites for quick access. Favorites is not
enabled by default. You can enable it by clicking View Options in the
bottom-right corner of the Content Browser and selecting Show Favorites.
The Favorites section is visible above the main Content folder.

Note Only folders can be assigned as favorites, not assets.

13
Chapter 1 Introduction to Unreal Engine 4

Figure 1-7.

Collections
Collections allow you to organize your assets into separate collections. For
example, if you are making an open-world game, you can make different
collections for player buildings, urban buildings, objective buildings, quest
props, and so on. Each collection can have child collections, and assets can
be added or removed anytime. Removing an item from a collection does
not remove the actual asset because it is simply holding a reference inside
a collection. You can have the same asset in multiple collections and create
as many collections as you wish.
You can switch to Collections view by clicking the Switch to the
Collections view button in the Content Browser.

14
 Chapter 1 Introduction to Unreal Engine 4

Figure 1-8.

There are three types of collections—Shared, Private, and Local.

• A Shared Collection can be shared with other team

members. You must have source control enabled for
this option to work.

• A Private Collection can be shared with anyone invited

to view the collection. You must have source control
enabled for this option to work.

• A Local Collection is only available to you. It is not

shared via the network. This option is always available
regardless of your source control settings.

15
Chapter 1 Introduction to Unreal Engine 4

Figure 1-9.
After creating a collection, you can drag and drop your assets into it.
You can view the number of items available inside a collection.

Figure 1-10.
16
 Chapter 1 Introduction to Unreal Engine 4

As you can see in Figure 1-10, to remove an asset from a collection, you
must first select the collection, right-click the asset, and select Remove
From YourCollectionName. This removes the asset from the collection,
but it does not delete the asset.

D
 etails
The Details panel contains the selected actor’s information and functions.
It displays all the transform controls and all the editable properties of
the specific actor. All the thumbnails in the Details panel can be double-­
clicked to open in respective editors. For example, double-clicking a Static
Mesh thumbnail opens that mesh. Likewise, if you double-click a material
thumbnail, it opens that material in the Material Editor.
The Details panel also offers a search panel that filters properties
based on the text. When properties are modified, a small yellow arrow is
displayed next to it. This resets the property to its default value.

W
 orld Outliner
The World Outliner displays all the actors in the current level. When a Play
In Editor session is active, it shows all the actors spawned for the current
game in yellow color. You can select any actor in the outliner, and the
details panel shows all properties related to that actor. Drag and drop is
also supported so you can drag an actor to another to attach it. Searching is
also supported with advanced options such as exact match and exclusion.
To exclude an item from search, append - to the search term; for
example, -table shows everything except for any actor containing the term
table.
To search for an exact item, append + to the search term; for example,
+table shows everything with the exact term table.

17
Chapter 1 Introduction to Unreal Engine 4

To search for an exact item using the full term, put the term inside
double quotes (""); for example, "lunch table" shows everything with the
exact term lunch table.

Viewport
The viewport is where you spend most of your time developing your
game. It is where you see the actual game, so understanding the viewport
is crucial for your development. Pressing the G key toggles the viewport
between game mode and editor mode. Game mode displays the scene as it
appears in the game by hiding all editor-related elements.
In addition to the maximized state of the viewport, Unreal Editor
provides an additional state called Immersive mode, which is activated
by pressing the F11 shortcut key or accessing the viewport options. When
activated, the viewport is maximized to the full extent of the window
containing the viewport panel.

18
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about new eBooks.
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