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Computer Network Models-1

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12 views3 pages

Computer Network Models-1

Uploaded by

Abu Sayeed
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11/12/24, 5:55 PM Computer Network Models

Computer Network Models


Networking engineering is a complicated task, which involves software, firmware, chip
level engineering, hardware, and electric pulses. To ease network engineering, the whole
networking concept is divided into multiple layers. Each layer is involved in some particular
task and is independent of all other layers. But as a whole, almost all networking tasks
depend on all of these layers. Layers share data between them and they depend on each
other only to take input and send output.

Layered Tasks
In layered architecture of Network Model, one whole network process is divided into small
tasks. Each small task is then assigned to a particular layer which works dedicatedly to
process the task only. Every layer does only specific work.

In layered communication system, one layer of a host deals with the task done by or to be
done by its peer layer at the same level on the remote host. The task is either initiated by
layer at the lowest level or at the top most level. If the task is initiated by the-top most
layer, it is passed on to the layer below it for further processing. The lower layer does the
same thing, it processes the task and passes on to lower layer. If the task is initiated by
lower most layer, then the reverse path is taken.

Every layer clubs together all procedures, protocols, and methods which it requires to
execute its piece of task. All layers identify their counterparts by means of encapsulation
header and tail.

OSI Model

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11/12/24, 5:55 PM Computer Network Models

Open System Interconnect is an open standard for all communication systems. OSI model
is established by International Standard Organization (ISO). This model has seven layers:

Application Layer: This layer is responsible for providing interface to the


application user. This layer encompasses protocols which directly interact with the
user.

Presentation Layer: This layer defines how data in the native format of remote
host should be presented in the native format of host.

Session Layer: This layer maintains sessions between remote hosts. For example,
once user/password authentication is done, the remote host maintains this session
for a while and does not ask for authentication again in that time span.
Transport Layer: This layer is responsible for end-to-end delivery between hosts.

Network Layer: This layer is responsible for address assignment and uniquely
addressing hosts in a network.

Data Link Layer: This layer is responsible for reading and writing data from and
onto the line. Link errors are detected at this layer.

Physical Layer: This layer defines the hardware, cabling wiring, power output,
pulse rate etc.

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Internet Model
Internet uses TCP/IP protocol suite, also known as Internet suite. This defines Internet
Model which contains four layered architecture. OSI Model is general communication
model but Internet Model is what the internet uses for all its communication.The internet

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11/12/24, 5:55 PM Computer Network Models

is independent of its underlying network architecture so is its Model. This model has the
following layers:

Application Layer: This layer defines the protocol which enables user to interact
with the network.For example, FTP, HTTP etc.
Transport Layer: This layer defines how data should flow between hosts. Major
protocol at this layer is Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). This layer ensures
data delivered between hosts is in-order and is responsible for end-to-end delivery.

Internet Layer: Internet Protocol (IP) works on this layer. This layer facilitates
host addressing and recognition. This layer defines routing.

Link Layer: This layer provides mechanism of sending and receiving actual
data.Unlike its OSI Model counterpart, this layer is independent of underlying
network architecture and hardware.

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