ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

&
ISO 14000

Prof S. Mohan
Dept. of Civil Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Chennai -600036
[email protected]
 Environmental Management
DEFINITION 1.– “Environmental management system refers to the
management of an organization's environmental programs in a
comprehensive, systematic, planned and documented manner. It
includes the organizational structure, planning & resources for
developing, implementing and maintaining policy for
environmental protection”
DEFINITION 2.– A generic description of a process undertaken by
the professionals from various backgrounds, tackling problems of
the human altered environment on an interdisciplinary basis from
a quantitative and/ or futuristic viewpoint
 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (EMS)
• A set of methods and procedures for aligning corporatestrategies, policies and
operations with principles that protect ecosystems.
• An Environmental Management System identifies and establishes a set of rules and
practices to help everyone within an organization to understand and accept how,
through their actions, they can best ensure high standards of environmental care.
• The term can also refer to software systems for organizational environmental
management which means it is intended to be system dependent, not people
dependent.
• Environmental risk management framework
• Sets foundation, helps you get organised and plan an effective approach to more
sustainable operations – in a logical way
• Drives and supports sustainability initiatives
 A few EMS facts
Voluntary (in most cases)
Certification is optional
Can apply to any business – generic
Related to process not product
Globally the number of ISO 14001: 2004
certifications continues to increase
In India EMS uptake not strong in the past
Overwhelmingly consumers want to
buy from ‘green’ companies 2009 ImagePower Green Brands Survey
Environmental Management System
The EMS Model
Purpose of an EMS

An EMS brings together the

people, policies, plans,
review mechanisms, and
procedures used to manage
environmental issues at a
facility or in an organization
 PDCA Model & Core Elements of an
Environmental Management System
• An Environmental Policy
• Planning and Strategy that include Policy
environmental factors Act Plan

• Identification of impacts on the

environment
Act Planning
• Development of goals and performance
measures
• Monitoring and corrective action
• Formal stakeholder involvement
• Employee awards, incentives and
training Implemen
• A philosophy of continuous Checking tation &
improvement Operation
Check Do
 A good EMS includes…

•Scope
•Environment Policy
•Management Review
•Aspects & Impacts
•Legal Obligations
ACT PLAN •Objectives / targets
•Roles / resources
ISO
•Monitoring
•Compliance
14001:2004
•Training & awareness
•Non conformity
•Communication
•Records CHECK DO •EMS Documentation / records
•Internal audits
•Document Control
•Risk Management
•Emergency preparedness
 CHARACTERISTICS OF AN EM

Environmental management supports sustainable development

Environmental management demands the multi-disciplinary

approach. It deals with a world affected by humans.

Environmental management has to integrate different

development view points.

Environmental management seeks to integrate naturaland

social science.

Environmental management can extend from short-termto

long- term and from local to globallevel.
 WHY HAVE AN EMS
● Improve management of environmental impacts
● Set targets to reduce energy use, water use & waste to landfill
● Initiate and maintain procedures to improveefficiencies including:
● Environmentally friendly purchasing procedures
● Preferred business travel option
● Define key responsibilities for achievingtargets
● Monitor and measure environmental performance againstkey indicators
● Regularly assess progress towards achieving set objectives
● Ensure due diligence and ongoing consideration of legaland other
environmental requirements
 WHY HAVE AN EMS?
● Assist with environmental reporting as required by Environmental
Protection Act 1986
● Government policy encourages commonwealth agenciesto
implement an EMS (at least onesite)
● Contribute to preferred employerstatus
● Achieve cost savings
● Show leadership, nationally or internationally
● Obtain competitive advantage
● May be required by clients, customers or regulators
● Build goodwill from customers, employees and stakeholders
 What is a good EMS Importance of EMS
● An EMS addresses the environmental impact of
 Based on ISO 14001: 2004
an organization’s activities & establishes goals
 Integrated into normal business and procedures that will improve the impact it
processes has on the environment and human health.

 Has senior management support 1. Compliance –Water Act, Air Act, & the
Environmental Protection Act.
(essential)
2. Public health
 Fits the business 3. Emergency planes
4. Compliance
 Viewed as a practical tool but
5. Reduce costs
applied strategically 6. Environmental ethic
 Certified (optional) 7. Awareness
General Benefits of An EMS
• Drives Sustained Performance
• Set targets to reduce energy use, water use & waste to
landfill
• Achieve cost savings
• Easier compliance
• Pollution prevention
• Increased efficiency
• Improved morale
 EcoBiz envirostep

Sustainable FSC
Product Business
Certification Network
Enviro-Mark

Waste
Audit
Target Eco Labels
Sustainability
Business
eMission
Care
Lean
Manufacturing
Sustainability
Awards
Sustainable
Business
Qualmark CEMARS Super Network
Cheap
Sustainability Super
Strategy Easy
Energy
Audits
 ENVIRONMENTAL
PERFORMANCE

ISO 14001:2004

= audit &
FOUNDATIONS OF AN EMS certification

LEGAL COMPLIANCE

TIME,
INVESTMENT
AND EFFORT
BRONZE SILVER GOLD PLATINUM DIAMOND
EMS & Advancing Sustainability
Resource
Efficiency

Minimising
Preventing
Ecological
Pollution
Footprint

GH gas
Waste
reduction
Reduction
& carbon
Targets
neutral
EMS
EMS

Monitoring & Life Cycle

Measuring Assessment
Resource &
Use Management

Review &
Stakeholder
Revise
Issues
Targets
The Value of Certification

Provides a credible basis to communicate about

environmental credentials & helps fight….
EMS in Supply Chain Management

Certified EMS Certified EMS

Verified Verified
Credentials Credentials
Comparing Apples with…..

No
EMS
Certified EMS
Verified
Credentials
 The value of EMS & Certification

Helps meet growing Enhances your brand /

International & Helps SME’s get organised
company reputation
Domestic supply
chain trends

Gives an edge in
winning work – supply chain
Provides credible basis for issues
communicating
environmental credentials
Provides a platform for
sustainability initiatives
& efficiencies
Fights Greenwash
 TRAVIS PERKINS
• Travis Perkins have been supplying building materials to the trade for over
200 years
• One of the largest suppliers to the UK’s building and construction industry
with a national network of more than 600 branches.
• Provide more than 100,000 products to trade professionals including
building materials, plumbing and heating, landscaping materials, timber
and sheet materials, painting and decorating, dry lining and insulation,
doors and joinery, and hand and power tools
Travis Perkins fully intends to be a sustainable business.
To be sustainable, a business needs to:
• Generate profits for its shareholders
• Provide good employment conditions for its employees
• Trade fairly with its suppliers
• Look after the communities in which it operates
• Act as a guardian and improver of the environment.
Why does Travis Perkins need an EMS?
4 Key Pressures

Legal Financial Market Social

requirements pressures pressures pressures

• The • Britain has • Many • License to

Environment some of the companies will operate
Protection world's tightest buy only from • Shareholders
Laws environmental suppliers that will only
• The Pollution regulations conform with support if the
Prevention • Landfill Tax ISO 14001 firm is building
and Control • The Carbon • Customers a viable future.
regulations Tax on energy insist that • The company
• Regulations consumption timber comes must maintain
for special from its public
wastes such sustainable reputation at a
as toxic sources high level.
materials. • Questions on
the company's
environmental
approach.
 Implementing an Environmental
Management System
Travis Perkins chose ISO Registrar of
14001 as the basis of its Registrar of
Environmental
Legislation
Environmental Aspects
Management System Environmental
because this standard: Policy
• Is internationally
recognized and
respected Environmental Environmental Environmental
• Involves regular Management Improvement Operating
independent audits Procedures Plan Procedure

The Travis Perkins ISO Action Lists and

14001 EMS Responsibilities
consists of several Key
Training
Linked components Materials
Performance
Indicators
 Examples of Travis Perkins’ Interaction With The
Environment
Water Use Energy Use Product-buying
Water Discharge Air Emissions Vehicle Impacts
Waste Land Noise and Odour
Management Management

Travis Perkins' Environmental Policy sets out the

company's commitment to:
• Comply with legislation at all times
• Prevent pollution as far as possible
• Seek continuous improvement.
 Environmental Improvement Plan
• CO2 emissions
• Electricity use
• Vehicle emissions
• Storage and use of oil
• Use of diesel, petrol and gas
• Discharges to drains
• Water
• Storage and use of timber treatment chemicals
• Purchase and sale of products, particularly timber.

Action Lists and Responsibilities

• Observing all relevant legislation
• Seeking to prevent pollution
• Looking for ways to make continuous improvements
Performance Indicators
• It is vital to set measurable targets so that performance can be monitored
and ongoing adjustments made.
• Travis Perkins has set itself ambitious targets for measurable improvement
under a number of headings.

Key Performance Indicators

Gas Consumption Fuel Consumption
Electricity Consumption CO2 Consumption
Water Consumption Waste sent to landfill
Packaging sent out Timber purchases from recognized
certified sources
Number of complaints Number of notifiable events
Costs and Benefits of EMS
C The benefits are achieved through a number of cost
reductions.
• Installing energy-efficient lighting • Using gas for heating more
systems. efficiently
• Using less electricity • Reducing the amount of waste sent
• Planning superior distribution to landfill sites
systems that use less fuel • Eliminating unnecessary packaging

Travis Perkins has a very substantial cost in waste disposal, in order to

reduce these costs, its business processes have been redesigned using
the formula shown.

Prevent Reduce Reuse Recover

Waste Waste Waste Waste
Internal and External Communication
A successful EMS depends on good communication.
Travis Perkins has sought to create a culture of improvement within the
organization based on everyone taking responsibility for Environmental
•Management
Every employee has seen a training video
• Internal newsletter
• Environmental Policy is displayed in all work areas
• Display boards and training materials

Example
Waste
DO DON’T
Keep hazardous waste separate Leave empty chemical containers
from general waste in the open
Break down boxes before putting Put oil or oil contaminated waste
in the waste containers in the general waste container
Benefits to T-P Due to EMS

• Since developing its EMS, in one year, Travis Perkins has

moved from 10th out of 13 to 4th out of 18 in the building
materialssector.
• In an environmentally conscious world this is good for
business as well as the environment. Reduced business costs
give greater competitive advantage which potentially
increases profits and returns to shareholders.
• At the same time, nature and the environment in general are
also clear winners
i. BS7750- ‘Specification for environmental management systems’
(British Standards Institute)
ii. ISO 14001 – Environmental management systems’( International
Standards Organization 1995)
ISO 14000
ISO 14000 is a family of standards related to Environmental
management . It refers to a family of voluntary standards and guidance
documents to help organizations address environmental issues.

Includes:-
• Environmental Management Systems (14001,14002,14004)
• Environmental Auditing (14010,14011,14012)
• Environmental Labeling (14020,14021,14022,14023,14024,14025)
• Environmental Performance Evaluation (14031)
• Life-cycle Assessment (14040,14041,14042,14043)
ISO 14001
C ISO 14001 sets out the criteria for an environmental management system.
C It does not state requirements for environmental performance, but maps out
a framework that a company or organization can follow to set up an effective
environmental management system.
C Certification in meeting this standard allows companies to claim state-of-the-
art ecological responsibility

ISO 14001 is relevant to any organization seeking to improve and manage

resources more effectively.
This includes:
• Single site to large multi-national companies
• High risk companies to low risk service organizations
• Manufacturing, process and the service industries; including local
governments
• All industry sectors including public and private sectors
• Original equipment manufacturers and their suppliers.
 ISO 14000 - Introduction
 ISO- International Organization for Standardization
 Member body of ISO in India is Bureau of Indian
Standards (BIS)
 The existence of the standards allows organizations
to focus environmental efforts against an
internationally accepted criteria
 In 1991, ISO formed the Strategic Advisory Group on
the Environment (SAGE) – which led to the formation
of Technical Committee (TC) 207 in 1992
 ISO 14000 – Definitions
 Environmental Objective – is an overall environmental
goal, arising from the policy statement, that an
organization sets for itself and which is quantified
when practical. They define how the policy will be
achieved. Example, an objective could the
temperature of the wastewater effluent
 Environment target – is a detailed performance
requirement that arises from the environmental
objectives. For example the wastewater temperature
should be controlled between 10°C to 14°C
 ISO 14000 – Principles
 It is a series of standards describing the requirements
for establishing effective environmental management
systems
 Guiding principles:
 Must result in better environmental management
 Must be flexible and applicable to all nations
 Must be scientific
 Must be practical and useful
 ISO 14000
 ISO 14000 is Product and Process oriented:
Product oriented: determines environment Impacts of
products and services
Process oriented: establish, maintain and evaluate
EMS within an organization
 ISO 14000 is Process NOT a Performance standard.
It does not tell what environment performance to
achieve but offers building blocks for a system that
will help in achieving their goals
 ISO 14000 – Purpose
 To make it more difficult for countries to use
environmental issues as trade barriers
 To create a universal set of standards to help
businesses meet their commitment to the
environment
 To allow companies to avoid multiple registrations,
inspections and certifications as their products
cross from country to country
 ISO 14000

The standard does not

establish absolute
requirements for
environmental performance

Except for committing to

continual improvement and
compliance with applicable
legislation and regulations
 ISO 14000
 The series is divided into two separate areas:
The Organization Evaluation Standards (OES)
The Product Evaluation Standards (PES)
 ISO 14050 covers terms and definition that are
common to both above areas
 ISO 14000 – series

ISO 14000

OES PES

Environmental Environmental
Environmental
Auditing Performance
Management System
Evaluation
 ISO 14000 – series

ISO 14000

OES PES

Environmental
Aspects in Environmental Life Cycle
Product Labelling Assessment
Specification
 ISO 14000
 Environmental Management System
14001 Specifications
14004 General Guidelines
 Environmental Auditing
Guidelines ISO 19011 (Guidelines for quality and
environmental management system auditing)
 Environmental Performance Evaluation
14031 Guidelines on Environmental Performance
Evaluation
 ISO 14000
 Environmental Aspects in Product Specification
 ISO Guide 64
 Environmental Labelling
 ISO 14020 Basic Principles
 ISO 14021 Self Declaration
 ISO 14024 Third Party (Guiding Principles, Practices and
Certification Procedures for Multiple Criteria Programs)
 ISO 14025 Type III Declarations
 Life Cycle Assessment
 ISO 14040 Principles and Framework
 ISO 14044 Requirements and Guidelines
 ISO 14000 – Requirements
 The organization must develop an effective system that meets
the requirements of the Standard.
 Document, implement and maintain the system.
 Follow a Plan-Do-Check-Act approach:
 Plan - Establish the objectives and processes needed to
deliver the results (in line with the EMS)
 Do - Implement the needed processes of the EMS
 Check - Check the processes against the policy, objectives,
targets, regulations, and report on the results. (Auditing)
 Act - Take actions that will continually improve the EMS
 ISO 14000 – Significance
 Focus on management
rather than goals (HOW vs. Plan
WHAT)
 Promotes third party audits
of management (HOWs) not
of attainments (WHATs)
Act Do
 Establishes uniform
methodologies for product
evaluation and
communication of
environmental attributes
Check
 Global Warming

GLOBAL
WARMING

EFFECTS IPCC
Increase in the temperature of Earth’s surface and oceans
Sea level Established in 1998 by WMO and UNEP
1990-2100 = 1.4°C – 5.8° C
TASK:
Precipitations and extreme weather events
evaluate the risk of climate change
Agriculture
ACTIVITY:
Glaciers
reports about UNFCCC implementation
Species extinctions
 UNFCCC
•UNCED Rio de Janeiro 1992 •Aim: stabilizing GHG to prevent dangerous
•Signed in 1992 by 154 nations interference with the climate system
•Parties = 192 countries •“Common but differentiated responsibilities”
•1994 entered into force •Non-binding

•report annual emissions and

NO RESTRICTIONS Annex 1 sinks
Developed •submit annual inventories
countries
Non-annex 1
Developing Anex
countries 2
OECD

Provide financial resources to Non-annex 1

 Kyoto Protocol
•COP3 Kyoto 11 Dec 1993 •Cyprus, Malta and Kazakhstan intend to
•In force 16 Feb 2005 participate
•June 2008: 182 parties •137 Non-annex 1 ratified: no obligation
•36 Annex 1 + EU = reduce GHG (61.6%) •US not ratified
1° committment period = 2008-12
•1.3 emission allowances
GAINING in 2nd commitment
CREDITS period for every ton of GHG exceeding
BY UNDER-POLLUTING
•suspension from transfers of credits

Emissions cap
Industrial reduce national emissions
Governments
entities 5.2% below 1990 baseline
Credits

other parties

brokers
Actual emissions
Buy credits carbon projects Buy credits
developers
exchanges
Emissions offset
Emissions
exceeding

OFFSET

CO2 emissions cap

Carbon credits
Emissions
allowed
JI CDM

ET
 Kyoto protocol’s flexible mechanisms
Emissions Trading (ET)

• Article 17 Kyoto Protocol

• Annex 1 – Annex 1

Joint Implementation (JI)

• Article 6 Kyoto Protocol

• Annex 1 – Annex 1

Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)

• Article 12 Kyoto Protocol

• Annex 1 – Non Annex 1
Millennium Development Goals