Engineering

Mathematics
Self Achieve Multiple
confidence Daily Target revision

To The Point-ByDhyanPal(ESE’17AIR-179,GATE’18AIR-
93,GATE’16AIR-145)
 DeteymaviT Sum of ooduct o} elemet Rank Ovdero ighest oeered non Zeo Mng
Of Yow column widh 4heir o fctors TAoa AHott A lto fr one )
(-1 d mOyn0 of lineary indrpendent tolumn vecoss
ofactoY of a = x
omohrix A
-1D2 xc
Ranh ( o n sineotag maix) = it's od
Det ofA =IAl =ad-bc
Ranu (sinqulok Motr) tlays luw tvon t
Al-0
A JAT KA nA
Hmxn Then Kanu Min( m ,n)
ABl 1Al16) A(Ady A) = IATI
Kanu (A +B) Ranu A Rark
(kA)T= kAT A Ad A A-" Ranu (AB) - MinRantA, RankB
ATT= ATBT A A
Ranu (xxXT) = 1
AB) B-lA Ady Al- IA-1*
Kanl 2no of non r o foos wMen moUux
(A +B) AT+BT Ady (alya)|= lA-1)
isin echelsn fom. anu-3
AB BA Then A must be Idedity/MujMasix
Det Triangu lay Mat./pimaol Mat:) = Produuet o
Nolli>no.ofinealy Indepzrdert vahiabla
diagonal AuUli Total no.of vaviable Rank
elemets
upper Triangulas Mat lo of celomn

Det-( Skes Sy metric Mat; of odd order) =0

AT-A oY diugsnal Must be2cho
De-ovthegpnal Mot) = t1
Always CEnISe

(AAT 1)
0 Det-(nonsinglas) #0| Syskemof lineare
Det lSinguia Matix) =

MatNix
non Homogeneug
cotactoy Makiy
Homogeneous
HyA)= lyanspose d sBm
AX=B (B o)
A-(a na - [42) AX=0*2

vaY l b l

Ahren 9Bnxp mohrx Tivial Nonlyivial

So Sol Tnoacisert| Consisent
Then AB H mu tiplataton - mnp Hdedd Hdd
OY
oerdelmia
Summution mpln-1) (monzero oSol
Sel" Sol" SCA)+LA8) BCA)-SAs)
Al#O Al=0
DABE) = I Thon A BECD P e= ECDA
SA)Mo SCA)
vayiable
mou osthog onal ymetri cmatrix - VAYiable
ique sol" nfinit
IAenipomatv A-A SA)-SCAe)-no.o SA)-S(H8)
Inwolutory nmatiix |A2-1 Valiable
Al

ToTHE Pot1T 7 DHYAN AL

 Chavacasticen A -T|=0 toget eigeuwalue o t i an) matix aith seal eigom valug O

Sum of EiqenvaweS = Tne fmatix

(Sumofdianoralekmevts) ibetrminant= Ve OY Trare -(tHve
Detumivantol matsix e n one o its cigen valune is egatina
Prorlact eigen valuues =

AT Sol Yepl eigm valuues AAA SJ metsc Mat

e igen value of A
=

eigenvaluue Tviangulal ordiamats.diagmal

elemert s 34T0re
Then eiq values =5,
A eigenvalue, eigenwliteo} A
ita
Sjmetic matix
AAJA A A AT
Then
A
KA KA
O AAT Alus matri
A tkI a +K A+AT 2
A-KI

fized At B
nou X fixd, eigem vecBos is
for a matiix AB, BA may/maynT
Matsix may Tanstovm
but exgen vectos
is xed aheher Lt is
Al or Ady A

Tsansugati of matsix AD = (

Hermitian matkix A A
matsix A= -
A
skew Hevmitian
AA = I
Unitay marix

- e i g e n value SymetsicMat
Akooys
Roo
Hermitian Mat.
Skeo sy metsic Mt eth
2- eigon alue 66
zeLO
SkesHer miten matr Pw Iagary
Cormgonal or
3-eigenvalue Oitasy mMats. absolat
HAAd Modulus
al-1

op of cigen vector
S not Onique.
-Eigem vectoy x ot matsix
2-Two eigen vectox X1, Xz (alld ovMoo
veclors -o

3 Eigon vectoYS ofa symerie matix onesplina

p aifferet eigeuvalues ale
Orklognal- TOTHE PINT BY Dhyn Pal
Sin2x = 2Ban Cot2 x =
I-- ta
+4an 0 -+ iJs 2 - -(-if3
|tan 2 x 2 2

24an
tant

Sinhx e e
X
Coshx= eX +eX
2
sin )
e i isinx
1a2-x2
COS X + Sinx =e!
-

e-iX coSx isinx 2i

cOS = ei 4 X
2
Ld =
log(z +J+a
x24a2
f x ) =_ sink(/a)
l x ) = (1+ Loq) dx=log (x +J2-a)
X2-a2
wgxd= logx -

X
cosh a )
'x) d - uls) +c
fx
2
e

Saxadx= J a +alcin( 2

e-x2 X

ob)
ellipse tard
(o,-b)
Aven = Kab

A=2

sin2
Sinx

c(

A
A
()
A d n=L|la3)ya.2)|

ax(bxc) = l a . c )b - (a-b)

? - 1a.-(1-as0)

ToThe Point Py Dhyau fal

|Rolles 1heovem uJ"( not Homogenins
fcx)covrtiuous, in La,b]lasx<b ect fu- Homogeneous f" of n'dsqsee
2-Jcx)>devivable in (a,b) a<x cb
3-i fla) - ftb) Tnen Thee exist aB lenst
me pont Cela,b) Sxm hat | ' ) = o f'u)
HAAa
L
Dx2
lange lne
Paxall to axis
-a

Mepm value Theot ole xf"y) kente ony ordunary dymdi

agan e Mean value Meom or'
xis fn of more than one Vaniahu Tnen
-S(x) continuaus n la,b] USe conept of prial biffeventiol eg
2-fcx) devivable in (a,b)
3-Them 5 = f(b)-3ta)_Tangeunt pasalt
b-a to ine Joiniug
2 Point
dt + dy

- (ndat) sign)
e 1+z + +
2

logC1+) = 1 - 2 +
T
Sinx

CoS - -
2 Mot T4 xT(A=
tanx =
+ +
Msg)
Hoo toget
= -(dx layuatuse

layloy sekies alout X=a :. dy3 ()

a= fca+ -fta)+ -a) "a)
2

x2
+2x tJ*34 =nn-)u

dngye To THE fo INT BY DHYAN PAL

 d o(S talionay point)
d 70 xelative unma
Lo(sinx ) Ax= g(oss)Ax -R \u2.
=

2
) maxima
-1.088
d2y o 4 dsy to Then point of Inflectin
2 d3
Sin' dy= M-)(n-3)
AbsolutMarimy = Max Sla), Stb), all ts
Ye lative M(n-2) --
max imaa
in [a,b))) even n odd

Abso ludeminima = Min fla), ftb), all its

Aelative minima
Lagb
Sin cas"adx =
(M-D (m-3).-. + (n-) (n-)z
u (,) Stationay point/ zo (M+n) (mm-2)+
when m,n both aA1 eve
= y s- t
otnuwise 1

ht-so T e latvemlinuma
2ftx)d
(dri 2 , f(xld ah
f2a-x)-ft«)
ALo xelaive Maxima Zeko y4 (24-A) -}*)
=

2-At-oPod d Inflection d
a cet+ésindkatb
3-
4t-2-o oconcusim Can bechaow
Acos9 +bsine mvaluu> Jaztl

|ILATE" Rule fah Ast ATAATE

Inverse og AlapbshTrigromeu xponetial

Judv = uV-de
II Ist 531ah o
2nd 5HldA
st ](

Sxdx uhen flx)

ewenn
2ero fn)-}-x)
GSt) odd functiom
tx--f
ot
 amma f
e - dt

n+l nn m

Lemg th o arc -ftx) X-a lx-b

b

Some = f x ) bles =a&j-b

length of avc h=fte) b 0=0to 0-2

2
2+(d2
de
¢l() P j =4lL)
Legh ot asc =

(4
he volme o solid sololutiom of avc J-fo)
aond ais =a l x-b

Asea

dy
=2

X=4

2
|9rad V TYik DC CGt =0

6div (CuAt) = V-(Vx)

AV= y.f>0 solenoid. ve los
) Gunl (7af) =0 VX(vf)
Cunlf= Vxf o votalion vertoy

VORTIcITY VECTOR
Axtéxc) - (A.c)8 -(A.8)C

Magynit do ol adieut av^|

CuslCaonlf) = VX(Vxf)

Cf) =
Y/ hod (divP)

Rod laive) =Gull¬) +

Dvectimal devivatve =V¢ . a Tiang u ata

=

mox value of dvecional duivative =|S¢||

oA 7A ahea= loÁ x OC|
Unid nomal vectos Ho sumjace =
V¢ B
(

Tangevt to Culve sees qveos heoiem_

Vecto

dt
Stoke'S Thto sey)

Arngle 2 Surtate

Gos9=V V
nauss h-eovem

f .n ds
Hd6 Det
|neay dependent
=0

A
a2.
b br 2 | o
CC2 (2|

9 -1-2t
X2-
 j2) u(1y)
=
+
iv(x1), Pole Pomt malces
Analyhio fn value>
Ex.7- Pole 2 , 4
2-2(2-4)

OuL-OV Continuv usfnsf 2-a Simple pole 7=a pole dordu

Couchy eiman eq" Res St2) lim (z-a) fa)

2 a Z7a

Scz)-u-+iv aMalyhcf Thon

Reytc2)
Z-a 2-a n-1)| dzm
U,v ae ovthageval u,V ane hamoic
Ho eadh othe n of x,
Tddd
Singuls poit>{" fala to Anaupic
20 but
nonAllpoles a^e Sinola point
Vicevehsa mot orrect
2

Cauchy Tnleqval formdla .

e(2-a
) - 2xita) Simpla pale
MilheTuompson Mehod (Hoget J(2)

Cwhenseal pavt of onen inmaanany 2 ) az = 2 d f12) Some

Analytic fn is give = Part ot Aalticfn 1! d2 Polu
ís siven u

f2)-u + iy Caucy Asiue ThecyeM

Ste) de = 2ni Sm all vesiduest

fe) at all its pola
Thonflz) ? l2)=? Aesinside c
Sl2),gtz) Analyiofi mau
Ex
Pols
t2)l2) Aralytic ALusous 2-
fle) +Jla) Analyic always
8udt ce)
not ahalt if 2-%) 2-Y
3z)

Ta Tha Raint erphzan pl

 Numexial meBMocds to Solve du j jevenial eo"
Consf Algeb7icfn)
Netota Bisection
method fca) frb)o Ele's m eln
Xi+|= i +

bale
2
oxdex

Slo wer
of con veYGence=1
itexatim Move
hi,Ji)\
false pogtionMelh afb) -a) o fexo modi fied
itl=i

Yegula falsi method fb)-fa) l e ' s m ethod i+ +K

frs tanscedortial fn OYder o con vesgwnce

=1
(2nd axd
(Ex SinxAogx ex)
oxder o convexgence = l:618
Pongakvtta 2
Secant mhod melhod
n t neceSay
nXn1n-Xan-
fta). fcb) <o
Sn- n-
Pungn ktta
2 ftrha
f-fo 4Hh oxde
mehd
Neotsn Raphs 6 odel cnVesgance =2 =+2 +2kz +ky4
Method
}(xi)
fatas canvegevcei+-Xi
-

Veay
h a n o+meY metnd3)| fa;)

1 =
Xo -f(x)
Method fails
when f'(i)= o]

Tsape2oido
memod 3)+(Ut mo
melmod
(Acuou not- Aways gives
value mo se ihan eraitvalua
- Newton Raphson
ovde Solve intal eg"
SimpSumd yota)+4-(t)*80) 2- GauSs
eliminati oy meted

(Accrxadel Solve intal Sim ultanees eg

value closes
) no Always gives Ronga kuta mehmod

Use uhen, oangwe) Sove oslinay dijf. ogn

aináts odd
Sinipuan 3h 3») + 3\J,+92 d,ls
when Ivivd
ae moHiple
(3 +2(7s)
M=3,b9

To THE INTYDjampaL
 UallyExcuive PCA AB) =0 exatly one d the 2 eveil Ae otanes
Colletively Exhaucive p(AVB) =1|
a Z(a-A
=

P=(x- Sc)eda
PCAUB)= PLA) + PB) -

P(ANB)
P(AVe)= PLAN8) ValC) =O VaC)=C2 Vanx
P(e) 1 Va (x+) =Val X +
Vah

c P(AnE)Pa)-PIAnB) Vahx = El2)[E]

PLES) - PCB) Modo 3Mdian - 2M-an

PA B) -Ple)-PlAne) inomial
PB) distiboton " P M-X
PB)
- P(Ve) Mean nP
Va
np
Poi sm

()= PA 8)
P(B)
= 1-
-
P(AU)
Pe)
distsibutie
occurante
Pextime[unilMAn
PCx) =e

Va J ve
PCAC U B)= PAUB) Uitosm
distsibis
ns A Least one ofThen oceue PCAUB)

both ofThem occuy PA nB)

mean <tP AL=(1
2
ponental Jx) = ae-2x
Poob. Mass f"|| =1 diseyet
Kandomviahabu
dishsibuho

nkan=
Cotimu
Paob.deusitf" xidx- Vai abu
Va-7
JAlA-aveasl| Norma
dishributi6 ||Stx)= e -(
Mean expectud value_ J2
fx) d
oy ECx) Zxf
-(
= =

x-)
Elx3)= 3fca)du

ou- O ECCZ) = CECx)

ECC) C
)Ex+y) = Ex)+E) JEC)-EY) =Ex
LS esf t) dt = fus) i Lf) -
F()

at l -nfn L(f ) -
s L(S) f) -

In= qn-1 S FCS)-flo)

L(A)=
L f ) =SFs)-sfto)-f(o)
L(1) S2
L f a ) = s f)-Sfio)- sft»
LCtn)=
S+ Sn+

Lleat) = S-a Inuesce Laplace

|L (sinat) =a
s2+a2 on Algebiiu" Algewsif
L (COsat)= aha2 Ve diffexeriatiom
Ue fa6rs
methrd
fosmoa
L (sinhat)= a
s2-a2 Sinhx
L Coshat Sa
eX-e
2
S a) =
Fs)
hen
codm
eX+e*
w du

LLeat f u] Fls-a) ntimes

fi) ds

Jim f Lt) = Am sFCs)

S0

sint A
2
 Caudhy-Eulen DGSeheutial -eo"
Diff.eq (2D2 xD+1)J =

o(9-1)
Homoaeneous Mon howMoeeus
fx)=o fx#0
P e
(2-og)
Gen.so=Cf +PI
Uomegnusegh =0 - )
OotS
incar dvdf eg f d1gvesof dspendnt
coffiaet )
Vaxiabl ) and its dife vential
m, m,m Ctx +G2) emx n 15t degrer and y as not
O
Caing
dtip moHipied Togtthe.
ospx +cinx x = 3 linsay in
if exCcospx +sinfPA Augree-i (

d+xSin
nonineal

e[xsp +c4xsinpa d oe noti

dy
d + *y Poc.
D
COSx D2 8 +Ginj *j-os
Sin
du -2 Powth-1
make (144)or- Second o r d i n c a s D.t

O+a-nc,i+n,a
fowu-1 odin- 4

DE
4tovcu unea
+7)= 1+nx +nn-)x.
2
A 2u + 8 y + c =o
+x1-x+-x x2*

(+ -2x+34 e-4AC=0 Palaola

82-4Ac 70 HyPetbola
ecin Bx D D+ g2-4Ac Ko ellipse
ed osp x
 + P = Wave eo
2
ePdx

Heal en k
mdxt N dy=0 Exact diff.eq 2

4 M
Then
J Mdx +(CTems in Nfree from a)dy=C

nit Step f
ta
ult-a) .
tza
Ut-a) t

flt Ut-4) ta

LUt-a) = ( " e t ( o t

+es 1 at

Neoton's lawe toling

Dhyan
P a l

am,\
de K(B-B.) P
dt font

The

nl0-80) =-Kt +C lo
4 2