Dt : 23/11/2022

1.Thread Creation:

=>The process of creating thread using start() method is known as Thread

creation process or New Thread creation.

2.Ready-to-run:

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=>The state of thread which is ready to execute by Thread-scheduler is known

as Ready-to-run.

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3.Running:
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=>The state in which the thread under execution is known a "Running State"

Note:

=>Thread Scheduler will shedule the threads from Ready-to-run state to running
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state based on algorithms.
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(a)Thread-Completion:

=>The state in which the thread executed successfully and generated result
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is known as Thread-Completion state.

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(b)Thread-Blocked-state:

=>The state in which the thread is temporarly blocked from execution is

known as Blocked state.

Note:
 =>when we use wait() or sleep() methods then the thread in under blocked state.

=>wait() method will block the thread execution until it receives msg in the

form of notify() or notifyAll()

=>sleep() method will block the thread execution in sime timer

Thread-Dead-Lock :

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=>The permanent blockage of thread is known as Thread-Dead-lock.

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Note:

=>If any event raised under blocked state is permanent then the thread is under

deadlock.
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faq:
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define LiveLock?

=>The temporary blockage of thread is known as LiveLock.

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(Blocked state of thread is known as LiveLock)

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faq:

define Daemon Thread?

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=>The thread which executes contineously is known as Daemon Thread

(Server Service threads are daemon threads)

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Application of Threads:
 (i)Threads are used in Server Application development

(ii)Threads are used in Server Development

(iii)Threads are used in Gaming Applications

=====================================================================

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define "java.lang.Object" class?

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=>"java.lang.Object" class is the ParentClass or SuperClass of all the classes

declared in the application.

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=>The following are some important methods of "Object" class:

1.hashCode()
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2.toString()

3.clone()

4.equals()
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5.wait()

6.notify()
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7.notifyAll()

8.getClass()
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9.finalize()
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1.hashCode():

=>The unique numeric number which is generated while object creation process is

known as hashCode.

=>we use hashCode() method to display the hashCode of an object.

syntax:
 int hc = obj.hashCode();

=>we display the hashCode to check the object is created or not.

2.toString():

=>toString() method is used to display the content from the object.

syntax:

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String data = obj.toString();

=>toString() method is auto-executable method and which is executed automatically

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when we display object_reference

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3.clone():
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=>The process of creating the duplicate copy of an object is known as cloning
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process.

=>we use clone() method to perform Object-Cloning process.

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syntax:

Object o = obj.clone();
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Types of Cloning processes:

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=>Cloning process is categorized into two types:

(a)Shallow Cloning process

(b)Deep Clonning process

(a)Shallow Cloning process:

 =>In Shallow Cloning process only OuterObjects are cloned and referred objects

are not cloned.

(b)Deep Clonning process:

=>In Deep Cloning process both OuterObjects and reffered Objects are cloned.

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=>The following steps are used in Cloning process:

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step-1 : The user-defined class must be implemented from "java.lang.Cloneable"

interface
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step-2 : The user-defined class must be declared with one user-defined Object

return type method

step-3 : This user-defined Object return type method will call pre-defined clone()
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method to perform cloning process

step-4 : we call user-defined object return type method to start the cloning
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process

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Ex-program : Demonstrating "Shallow Cloning Process".

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EmpContact.java

package test;
public class EmpContact extends Object{
public String mailId;
public long phoneNo;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "MailId:"+mailId+"\nPhoneNo:"+phoneNo;
}
}

Employee.java

package test;
public class Employee extends Object implements Cloneable{
public String empId,name,desg;
public EmpContact ec = new EmpContact();
@Override
public String toString() {
return "EmpId:"+empId+"\nEmpName:"+name+"\nEmpDesg:"+desg;

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}
public Object startCloning() {
Object o = null;
try {

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o = super.clone();
}catch(Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}
return o;
} Ma
}

DemoObject1.java(MainClass)

package maccess;
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import test.*;
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import java.util.*;

public class DemoObject1 {

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public static void main(String[] args) {

Scanner s = new Scanner(System.in);

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//Original Object

Employee ob1 = new Employee();

System.out.println("Enter the empId:");

ob1.empId = s.nextLine();

System.out.println("Enter the empName:");

ob1.name=s.nextLine();

System.out.println("Enter the empDesg:");

ob1.desg=s.nextLine();

System.out.println("Enter the MailId:");

ob1.ec.mailId=s.nextLine();

System.out.println("Enter the PhoneNo:");

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ob1.ec.phoneNo = s.nextLong();

System.out.println("********Original Object**********");

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System.out.println("=====Display data from Objects====");

System.out.println(ob1);
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System.out.println(ob1.ec);

System.out.println("====hashCodes===");

System.out.println("hashCode of Employee Object : "+ob1.hashCode());

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System.out.println("hashCode of EmpContact Object : "+ob1.ec.hashCode());

//Cloned Object or Duplicate Object

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Employee ob2 = (Employee)ob1.startCloning();

System.out.println("********Cloned Object**********");
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System.out.println("=====Display data from Objects====");

System.out.println(ob2);
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System.out.println(ob2.ec);

System.out.println("====hashCodes===");

System.out.println("hashCode of Employee Object : "+ob2.hashCode());

System.out.println("hashCode of EmpContact Object : "+ob2.ec.hashCode());

s.close();
 }

o/p:

Enter the empId:

A121

Enter the empName:

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Raj

Enter the empDesg:

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SE

Enter the MailId:

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[email protected]

Enter the PhoneNo:

9898981234
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********Original Object**********

=====Display data from Objects====

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EmpId:A121

EmpName:Raj
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EmpDesg:SE

MailId:[email protected]
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PhoneNo:9898981234

====hashCodes===

hashCode of Employee Object : 2074407503

hashCode of EmpContact Object : 999966131

********Cloned Object**********
=====Display data from Objects====

EmpId:A121

EmpName:Raj

EmpDesg:SE

MailId:[email protected]

PhoneNo:9898981234

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====hashCodes===

hashCode of Employee Object : 1989780873

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hashCode of EmpContact Object : 999966131

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