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Methods in
Molecular Biology 1353
Andras Nagy
Kursad Turksen Editors
Patient-Specific
Induced
Pluripotent
Stem Cell Models
Generation and Characterization
METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Series Editor
John M. Walker
School of Life and Medical Sciences
University of Hertfordshire
Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
Edited by
Andras Nagy
Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
Kursad Turksen
Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
Editors
Andras Nagy Kursad Turksen
Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute Ottawa Hospital Research Institute
Toronto, ON, Canada Ottawa, ON, Canada
Rapid developments in the field of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have provided novel
opportunities and approaches, both for better understanding a number of human diseases
and for developing new platforms for drug development and screening for such diseases.
To complement our volume on methods for establishing iPS cells, we have also collected
representative protocols on various disease models. We are grateful to all the contributors
who shared the details of their protocols for this volume; without their generous efforts,
this volume would not have been possible.
Dr. John Walker, Editor in Chief of Methods in Molecular Biology, was instrumental in
getting this volume off the ground, and we thank him for it. Patrick Marton, Editor of
Springer Protocols, was also very supportive as we put together this volume. We also thank
David Casey and Monica Suchy for helping us to correct missing details during book
production.
v
Contents
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Generation of Patient-Specific induced Pluripotent Stem Cell
from Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by Sendai
Reprogramming Vectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Oscar Quintana-Bustamante and Jose C. Segovia
A Doxycycline-Inducible System for Genetic Correction of iPSC
Disease Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Xiuli Sim, Fabian L. Cardenas-Diaz, Deborah L. French
and Paul Gadue
Generation and Characterization of Patient-Specific Induced
Pluripotent Stem Cell for Disease Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Renuka Sivapatham and Xianmin Zeng
Modeling Genomic Imprinting Disorders Using Induced
Pluripotent Stem Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Stormy J. Chamberlain, Noelle D. Germain, Pin-Fang Chen,
Jack S. Hsiao, and Heather Glatt-Deeley
Generation and Characterization of Induced Pluripotent
Stem Cells from Patients with mtDNA Mutations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Riikka H. H€ a m€a l€a inen and Anu Suomalainen
Skin Biopsy and Patient-Specific Stem Cell Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Yao Li, Huy V. Nguyen, and Stephen H. Tsang
Directed Myogenic Differentiation of Human Induced
Pluripotent Stem Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Emi Shoji, Knut Woltjen, and Hidetoshi Sakurai
Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
to Model Skeletal Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Emilie Barruet and Edward C. Hsiao
Modeling Cardiovascular Diseases with Patient-Specific
Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Paul W. Burridge, Sebastian Diecke, Elena Matsa,
Arun Sharma, Haodi Wu, and Joseph C. Wu
Calcium Imaging in Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived
Cardiac Myocytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Anna Walter, Tomo Šarić, Jürgen Hescheler
and Symeon Papadopoulos
Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Models:
Generation and Characterization of Cardiac Cells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Fabian Zanella and Farah Sheikh
vii
viii Contents
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
Contributors
ix
x Contributors
POLLYANNA AGNES GOH Centre for Paediatrics, Barts and The London Medical School,
Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
RIIKKA H. H€aM€aL€aINEN Research Program of Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum-Helsinki,
University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences,
University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
JÜRGEN HESCHELER Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for
Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
JACK S. HSIAO University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
EDWARD C. HSIAO Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine,
Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
RAYK HÜBNER Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration (AKos), University of
Rostock, Rostock, Germany
YOON-YOUNG JANG Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of
Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Cellular and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program,
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of
Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
YUSUKE KURODA Department of Cardiovascular Research, Research Institute of
Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
K. W. H. LAI Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of
Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
MAJLINDA LAKO Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-
Tyne, UK
V. Y. M. LAU Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of
Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
YEE KI LEE Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of
Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
AMY LEUNG School of Medicine and the Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM),
Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
SHISHI LI Institute of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou,
Zhejiang, China
XUE-JUN LI Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center,
Farmington, CT, USA; The Stem Cell Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center,
Farmington, CT, USA
YAO LI Barbara and Donald Jonas Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine,
Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Bernard and
Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia
University, New York, NY, USA
ELENA MATSA Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford
Cardiovascular Institute, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine,
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
CHRISTINE L. MUMMERY Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University
Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
GEORGE J MURPHY School of Medicine and the Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM),
Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
HIROKO NAKAHAMA Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, MI, Italy
AMIT C. NATHWANI UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
Contributors xi
HUY V. NGUYEN Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY,
USA
TAMER T. ÖNDER School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
HUAYE PAN Institute of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou,
Zhejiang, China
SYMEON PAPADOPOULOS Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Vegetative
Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
ELISA DI PASQUALE Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, MI, Italy;
Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, National Research Council of Italy, Milan,
Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, MI, Italy
NEHA PRASAD Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer
Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
DAJIANG QIN Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Guangzhou, China
OSCAR QUINTANA-BUSTAMANTE Differentiation and Cytometry Unit, Hematopoietic
Innovative Therapies Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y
Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) – Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades
Raras (CIBERER) – Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Dı́az
(IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
X. RAN Cardiology Division Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,
The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
HIDETOSHI SAKURAI Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto
University, Kyoto, Japan
IRENE SANCHEZ-VERA Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-
upon-Tyne, UK
TOMO ŠARIC´ • Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology,
Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
JOSE C. SEGOVIA Differentiation and Cytometry Unit, Hematopoietic Innovative
Therapies Division., Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y
Tecnológicas (CIEMAT) - Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades
Raras (CIBERER) - Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Dı́az
(IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
TOMOHISA SEKI Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo,
Japan
ARUN SHARMA Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford
Cardiovascular Institute, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine,
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
FARAH SHEIKH Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of
California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
EMI SHOJI Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University,
Kyoto, Japan
XIULI SIM School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA;
Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia,
Philadelphia, PA, USA
D. C. W. SIU Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of
Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Research Center of Heart,
Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of
Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China; Shenzhen Institutes of Research and Innovation,
xii Contributors
University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Division of Cardiology, Queen Mary
Hospital, Hong Kong, China
RENUKA SIVAPATHAM Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
DAVID STEEL Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne,
UK
ANU SUOMALAINEN Research Program of Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum-Helsinki,
University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurology, Helsinki University
Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Neuroscience Centre, University of Helsinki,
Helsinki, Finland
TOMOYUKI SUZUKI Department of Cardiovascular Research, Research Institute of
Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
LIPENG TIAN Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center,
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
SHUGO TOHYAMA Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo,
Japan
MICHAELA TRILCK Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration (AKos), University of
Rostock, Rostock, Germany
STEPHEN H. TSANG New York Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical
Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia
University, New York, NY, USA; Edward Harkness Eye Institute, New York, NY, USA
H. F. TSE Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of
Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Research Center of Heart,
Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of
Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China; Shenzhen Institutes of Research and Innovation,
University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong-Guangdong Joint Laboratory
on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Hong Kong, China; Division of Cardiology,
Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
ANNA WALTER Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Vegetative
Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
KNUT WOLTJEN Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University,
Kyoto, Japan
JOSEPH C. WU Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford
Cardiovascular Institute, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine,
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
HAODI WU Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Stanford Cardiovascular
Institute, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University
School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
CHONG-CHONG XU Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health
Center, Farmington, CT, USA
QINGFENG YAN Institute of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University,
Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
WEI YANG Institute of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou,
Zhejiang, China
SHINSUKE YUASA Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo,
Japan
FABIAN ZANELLA Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of California-
San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
XIANMIN ZENG Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
Contributors xiii
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) technology has changed preclinical research since their generation
was described by Shinya Yamanaka in 2006. iPSCs are derived from somatic cells after being reprogrammed
back to an embryonic state by specific combination of reprogramming factors. These reprogrammed cells
resemble all the characteristic of embryonic stem cells (ESC). The reprogramming technology is even more
valuable to research diseases biology and treatment by opening gene and cell therapies in own patient’s
iPSC. Patient-specific iPSC can be generated from a large variety of patient cells by any of the myriad of
reprogramming platforms described. Here, we describe the generation of patient-specific iPSC from patient
peripheral blood mononuclear cells by Sendai Reprogramming vectors.
Keywords: Patient-Specific induced Pluripotent Stem Cell, Peripheral blood mononuclear cells,
Sendai vectors, Reprogramming, Pluripotency, Self-renewal
1 Introduction
1
2 Oscar Quintana-Bustamante and Jose C. Segovia
2 Materials
2.2 Peripheral Blood 1. PBE buffer: Dulbecco’s phosphate buffered saline without
Mononuclear Cell calcium chloride and magnesium chloride (PBS, Sigma-
Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA)/0.5 % v/v bovine serum albu-
min (BSA, Sigma-Aldrich)/2 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic
acid (EDTA, Sigma-Aldrich). Filtered through a 0.22 μm filter.
2. Ficoll-Paque Plus (density 1.077, GE Healthcare Life Science,
Madrid, Spain).
3. T€urk’s solution: 1 mL of 1 % w/v aqueous methylene blue
solution (Sigma-Aldrich)/2 % acetic acid in water.
4. Trypan Blue Solution (Life Technologies, Madrid, Spain).
5. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, Sigma-Aldrich).
6. Hyclone Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS, GE Healthcare Life Science).
7. Penicillin-Streptomycin (PS, Life Technologies).
3 Methods
3.1 Peripheral Blood 1. Collect 5–10 mL peripheral blood (PB) by standard proce-
Mononuclear Cell dures. Keep it at room temperature in the presence of an
Purification anticoagulant.
2. Mix the PB with twice the volume of PBE buffer.
3. Add 5 mL of Ficoll-Paque Plus to a 15 mL conical tube (see
Note 1).
4. Slowly layer 10 mL of PB on top of the Ficoll-Paque Plus (see
Note 2) (Fig. 1). Avoid disturbing the two layers (see Note 3).
5. Centrifuge at 400 g for 25 min at room temperature with
the centrifuge brake off.
6. The sample will be separated in different layers by a density
gradient (Fig. 1). Handle the tube very carefully not to alter the
layer distribution.
7. Remove the plasma upper layer by a sterile pipette. Care not to
disturb the white layer of PB-MNC underneath. Keep part of
this plasma to analyze mycoplasma contamination in the sample
(see Note 4).
Generation of Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell. . . 5
Plasma
Peripheral
Blood PB-MNC
400 x g
Ficoll-Paque
25 minutes
Ficoll-Paque
Granulocytes
Red Blood Cells
Fig. 1 Diagram shows the layer distribution before and after Ficoll-Paque
gradient is formed by centrifugation. Different cell layers are indicated
3.2 Irradiated HFF-1 1. Grow primary fibroblast in gelatin-coated p150 plate with
(irHFF-1) or Irradiated feeder medium (25 mL/p150 plate).
MEF (irMEF) 2. When the feeder is close to confluence, wash it with PBS
Preparation (Sigma-Aldrich) and detach the cells from the plate by adding
10 mL of TrypLE™ Select/plate and treatment at 37 C for
5–7 min.
3. Collect the cells in a 15 mL conical and wash the plate with
5 mL of PBS/5 % FBS. Centrifuge the cell suspension at
300 g for 7 min.
4. Resuspend the cells in feeder medium and seed into new
gelatin-coated p150 at 1.7 104 cell/cm2 cell density with
22–25 mL feeder medium.
5. Expand the primary feeders up to four to five passage. To
irradiate the primary fibroblasts, wash the cells with PBS and
treat by TrypLE™ Select to detach them.
6 Oscar Quintana-Bustamante and Jose C. Segovia
3.3 Plate Coating by 1. Cover the plate surface with gelatin solution, and keep at 37 C
Irradiated Feeder for at least 30 min.
2. Thaw an irradiated fibroblast cryotube in a 37 C water bath.
Transfer thawed cell to 15 mL conical tube. Dilute cell suspen-
sion by adding 10 mL of feeder medium. Centrifuge at
300 g for 7 min. Resuspend the cells in feeder medium.
Count by treating with Trypan Blue to exclude dead cells.
3. Remove gelatin solution from the 37 C warm plate and add
feeder medium containing the cells. Add enough volume of cell
suspension to the plate to get 0.7–1.5 104 cell/cm2. Allow
cells to attach for at least 12 h. Keep at 37 C until using.
4. Before adding hiPSC, wash the plate with KO-DMEM. Dis-
card nonused feeder-coated plates after 4 days to be seeded.
Cytokine
Reprogramming PB-MNC iPSC expansion
instruction
Day: 0 4 5 8 9 20-40
PB-MNC
PB-MNC
iPS
irHFF-1
SeV hFGF-basic
Fig. 2 Scheme of the PB-MNC reprogramming by SeV. Representative images of each stage are showed.
Initial heterogeneous population of PB-MNC are instructed by a specific cytokine combination (left panel).
Reprogramming process, where the SeV-infected PB-MNCs proliferate and change their morphology (middle
panel). Complete PB-MNC iPSC clone generated by SeV reprogramming (right panel). Azami Green SeV was
added to the SeV reprogramming cocktail to be able to track the reprogramming process. All the pictures were
taken at 100 magnification
8 Oscar Quintana-Bustamante and Jose C. Segovia
16. Next day, collect the cells and transfer to 15 mL conical tube,-
centrifuge at 200 g at room temperature for 5 min (see
Note 12).
17. Resuspend the cells in hES medium.
18. Transfer 5 104 SeV-infected PB-MNC to an irHFF-coated
p100 plate and add up to 10 mL of hES medium (see Note 13).
19. Replace hES medium every 2 days for warm fresh hES medium;
avoid to disturb the cells.
20. Some hES-like colonies will appear on the irHFF. Pick these
hES-like colonies under the stereomicroscope by the stripper
and transfer the colony fragments to an irHFF-coated p24 well
with hES medium (see Notes 14 and 15).
3.5 PB-MNC hiPSC 1. Passage these PB-MNC hiPS clones every 5–7 days using con-
Culture ventional hES procedures:
2. Manual picking: under the stereomicroscope break up the
colonies by the stripper tip or by a 10 μL tip. Transfer to a
15 mL conical tube and centrifuge at 200 g for 2 min.
Discard the supernatant carefully without disturbing the cell
pellet. Resuspend the cells with fresh hES medium, mix by a
soft twice to three times pipetting. Transfer to a new irHFF-1-
coated plate.
3. Collagenase IV treatment: wash the hiPSC culture by KO-
DMEM. Incubate for 5 min at 37 C with Collagenase IV
solution. Pick up the colonies by stripper tip or by a 10 μL tip
under the stereomicroscope. Transfer to a 15 mL conical tube
and centrifuge at 200 g for 2 min. Discard the supernatant
carefully without disrupting the cell pellet. Resuspend the cells
with fresh hES medium, mix by a soft pipetting for five to six
times to divide the colonies in a small fragments without break-
ing up them to a single cell suspension. Transfer to a new
irHFF-1-coated plate.
4. Expand each PB-MNC iPSC clone independently (see Notes
16–18).
5. Cryopreserve part of each PB-MNC iPSC clone when there are
enough number of iPSC colonies (around 15–20 colonies). To
cryopreserve iPSC, the culture has to be pretreated by hES
medium supplemented by 10 μM Rock inhibitor for at least
1 h. Then, break up the colonies in large fragments. Collect the
iPSC fragments in a 15 mL conical tube. Spin down at 200 g
for 2 min. Discard the supernatant. Resuspend in 500 μL of
chill FBS and transfer to a cryotube. Mix in the cryotube with
500 μL of freshly prepared 20 % FBS/80 % DMSO. Keep for
24 h at 80 C. Transfer for a long storage to a cryogenic tank
(see Note 19).
Generation of Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell. . . 9
4 Notes
11. 24–48 h post SeV infection, some fluorescent green cells will
appear if Azami Green SeV was added to the reprogramming
SeV cocktail. During these 4 days after SeV infection, morpho-
logical changes will be observed, such as the presence of highly
proliferative large cells (Fig. 2).
12. Since some cells are being reprogrammed, the centrifugation
speed must be reduced to avoid the killing of these fragile cells.
13. Irradiated feeder must be prepared the day before. irHFF-1 or
irMEF can be used. Before adding the cells, feeder density
has to be checked, and feeder medium must be washed by
KO-DMEM.
14. The first hES-like colonies will appear around day 5–7 post
infection; however, these colonies are usually unstable, and
they are not able to be expanded as hES-like cells. The more
stable and with correct morphology, hES-like colonies will
appear 2 weeks after SeV infection.
15. In our experience, when SeV reprogramming is successful, one
hiPSC-derived PB-MNC was generated per 6,000 PB-MNCs.
16. We were able to maintain around one sixth of the picked
colonies when SeV reprogramming was successful.
17. The PB-MNC iPSC culture has to reach a 50–60 % confluence,
and then the cells can be split from one plate to four to six
plates.
18. To expand hiPSC quickly, Rock inhibitor can be added to the
hES medium in each passage for few passages, because if iPSCs
get used to Rock inhibitor, they lessen their properties.
19. To thaw the frozen iPSC clones, introduce the frozen cryovial
in a 37 C water bath. Transfer the cell suspension to a 15 mL
conical tube and add slowly 10 mL of hES medium. Spin down
at 200 g for 2 min. Resuspend the cell softly with hES
medium/10 μM Rock inhibitor, and seed the hiPSC in a new
HFF-1-coated 6-well plate with hES medium/10 μM Rock
inhibitor. Keep at 37 C for 48 h without disturbing. Change
the medium daily.
20. Standard pluripotency test will consist in analysis of embryonic
gene expression, such as OCT4, NANOG, SSEA4, Tra-1-60,
SOX2, cMYC, and REX-1, by qRT-PCR and immunofluores-
cence, karyotype, embryo body, and teratoma formation.
21. SeV clearance will be assessed by disappearance of Azami Green
fluorescence, when Azami Green SeV is added to the SeV
reprogramming cocktail, and by RT-PCR using specific primers
(SeV F GGATCACTAGGTGATATCGAGC and SeV R
ACCAGACAAGAGTTTAAGAGATATGTATC).
Generation of Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell. . . 11
Acknowledgments
References
Abstract
Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are valuable tools for the study of developmental
biology and disease modeling. In both applications, genetic correction of patient iPSCs is a powerful
method to understand the specific contribution of a gene(s) in development or diseased state(s). Here, we
describe a protocol for the targeted integration of a doxycycline-inducible transgene expression system in a
safe harbor site in iPSCs. Our gene targeting strategy uses zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) to enhance
homologous recombination at the AAVS1 safe harbor locus, thus increasing the efficiency of the
site-specific integration of the two targeting vectors that make up the doxycycline-inducible system.
Importantly, the use of dual-drug selection in our system increases the efficiency of positive selection for
double-targeted clones to >50 %, permitting a less laborious screening process. If desired, this protocol can
also be adapted to allow the use of tissue-specific promoters to drive gene expression instead of the
doxycycline-inducible promoter (TRE). Additionally, this protocol is also compatible with the use of
Transcription-Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs) or Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short
Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 system in place of ZFNs.
1 Introduction
AAVS1 SphI
Probe
SphI Screening Primer
Set 2-3
locus Zn Finger Nuclease site
Screening Primers
Set1 1380bp
SphI
Screening Primer Set3
Donor plasmid Rabbit Glob
TRE-GFP
PURO TRE GFP PolyA
Fig. 1 Design of targeting vectors. ZFNs specific to the AAVS1 locus will cut the DNA in intron 1 of AAVS1.
Integration of both targeting vectors will confer dual drug resistance to ESCs/iPSCs. The location of PCR
screening primers and Southern blot probe is indicated
Table 1
Percentage of selected clones that are correctly double-targeted from
three independent transfections
Number of Percentage of
Transfection Number of double-targeted double-targeted
attempt clones screened clones clones (%)
1 12 8 67
2 6 5 83
3 10 5 50
Overall 28 18 64
DAY
-2 -1 0 2 6 18
Plate Matrigel1/3 Plate ES Cells Transfection Start puro Start G418 Pick colonies
+ DR4 MEFS selection for 48h selection for 10d and
(Puro 0.5ug/ml) (G418 40ug/ml) PCR screening
Puro G418
Fig. 2 Schematic outlining the processes involved in the generation of a doxycycline-inducible transgene
expression system in hESCs/iPSCs
a b
1400
1200
intensity of GFP
1000
% of cells
No dox 800
2 days in dox 600
Mean
200
0
0 0.25 0.5 1 2
GFP
doxycycline ( g/ml)
Fig. 3 GFP expression in hematopoietic progenitors differentiated from hESC line with doxycycline-inducible
GFP expression under different conditions. (a) GFP expression in hematopoietic progenitors treated with
doxycycline for different lengths of time. Untreated hematopoietic progenitors (red ) do not express GFP.
Treatment with doxycycline for 2 days during differentiation is sufficient to induce GFP expression in
hematopoietic progenitors (blue). When doxycycline was given for 8 days, the induction of GFP expression
is stronger (black), suggesting that transgene expression does not get silenced when hESCs undergo
hematopoietic differentiation. (b) The level of GFP expression in hematopoietic progenitors increases with
the concentration of doxycycline added
2 Materials
2.1.4 Cell Culture Media 1. Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium/Ham’s F12 50/50
and Reagents mix (DMEM/F12 50/50) (Corning Cellgro Cat. no.
10-092-CV).
2. Knockout™ Serum Replacement (Knockout™ SR) (Life Tech-
nologies Cat. no. 10828-028).
3. Penicillin Streptomycin Solution (Pen-Strep), 100 (Corning
Cellgro Cat. no. 30-002-Cl).
4. L-Glutamine Solution, 100 (Corning Cellgro Cat. no.
25-005-Cl).
5. MEM Nonessential Amino Acids (NEAA), 100 (Life Tech-
nologies Cat. no. 11140-050).
6. 2-Mercaptoethanol (55 mM) (Life Technologies Cat. no.
21985-023).
7. Iscove’s Modification of DMEM (IMDM) (Corning Cellgro
Cat. no. 10-016-CV).
8. PES Sterilizing 0.22 μm Filter System, Low Protein binding
(250 ml) (Corning Cat. no. 431096).
9. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (Sigma Cat. no. D2650).
10. Fetal Bovine Serum (Tissue Culture Biologicals Cat. no. 101).
11. TrypLE™ Express (1), phenol red (Life Technologies Cat.
no. 12605-010).
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