School of Business and IT

Wireless Information Networking

ELCT119 “FR Theory and Antenna Radiation”

Smith Chart & Applications

Name : _____________________ Section : _______________

Partner: _____________________

Purpose: To become familiar with Smith chart and to know how to use it to measure the
main factors associated with the generator, transmission line, and load impedance
such as standing wave ratio (SWR), reflection coefficient, return and reflection
losses and transmission line coefficient.

Equipment: Smith Chart.

Procedure:

Part I: Locate impedance and find admittance.

In this part normalize a given impedance to transmission line with characteristic

impedance Zo = 50, locate on Smith chart and determine the equivalent
admittance.

1. Consider the following load impedances

Z1 = 10 + j 30  Z2 = 20 + j 60 
Z3 = 60 + j 70  Z4 = 25 + j 35 

2. Calculate analytically, the admittances Y1 and Y3 of impedances Z1 and Z3.

1
𝑌1 = = _______________ 𝑆
𝑍1
1
𝑌3 = = _______________ 𝑆
𝑍3
 3. Normalize and locate the whole impedances given in step 1 on the Smith chart.
4. Use the chart to graphically find the admittances Y1 and Y3.

Y1 = _________________

Y3 = _________________

5. De-normalize the values of Y1 and Y3 obtained in step 4, and use the calculated
values of step 2 to fill out the following table:

Calculated Values Graphically Obtained Values

Y1
Y3

Part II: Transmission line connected to impedance load

In this part we will determine Zin (input impedance of both the transmission line
and the load) seen by generator. Zin will be determined by using both analytical
and graphical approaches.

Consider a transmission line of length l = 44 cm and characteristic impedance Zo =

50 . The line is terminated with load impedance ZL = 20 + j25 . Assume the
working frequency (generator frequency) is fg = 3 GHz and propagating velocity
factor v = 0.82.
6. Calculate the input impedance Zin of the line-load combination by using the
analytical equation:
𝑍 + 𝑗𝑍 tan 𝛽𝑙
𝑍 =𝑍
𝑍 + 𝑗𝑍 tan 𝛽𝑙
Where,
2𝜋
𝛽=
𝜆
Show details of your calculations:

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Zin = ____________________ 

7. Follow the following steps on Smith chart to graphically determine the input
impedance Zin:
 Locate the normalized load impedance ZLN,
 Draw the VSWR circle,
 Determine the reference wavelength of the normalized load Ref (ZLN) on
the outer scale of the chart; Wavelength Toward Generator,
 Find the reminder length of the transmission line { lremin = “l mod
(line/2)”},
 Find the equivalent wavelength eqv of lremin {= lremin /(line)},
 Determine the reference wavelength of the normalized input impedance
Ref (Zin) on the outer scale of the chart; Wavelength Toward Generator,
𝜆 (𝑍 ) = 𝜆 +𝜆 (𝑍 )
  Connect the line between Ref (Zin) and the center of the chart to find the
normalized Zin and hence Zin.

Record your values:

Ref (ZLN) = ______________

lremin = _______________ cm

eqv = ______________

Ref (Zin) = ______________

Zin =___________________ 

8. Use the results of steps 6 and 7 to fill out the following table:

Analytically Calculated Value Graphically Obtained Value

Zin

Part III: Generator, transmission line and load configuration

In this part we will determine the main parameters for the basic connection of the
generator, transmission line and load. These parameters are VSWR, reflection
coefficient, return and reflection losses, and transmission line coefficient.

Consider a generator of power P = 20 W, Rg = 50 , and frequency fg = 3 GHz is

connected to the transmission line and load impedance as given in part II.
9. Use the chart, determine the VSWR,

VSWR = __________________

VSWR (dB) = __________________ dB

10. Use the chart, determine the Voltage reflection coefficient v,

v = ___________________

11. Use the chart, determine the Power reflection coefficient p,

p = ___________________

12. Use the chart, determine the transmission loss coefficient (TLC),

TLC = ___________________

13. Use the chart, determine the Return loss (RTL),

RTL = _________________ dB

14. Use the chart, determine the Reflection loss (REL),

REL = _________________ dB

15. Do not leave the lab until you are sure you understand the requirements and have
the data to complete the work in the Observation and Conclusion sections.
 Have your instructor check and test your results.

Instructor’s signature ________________

Conclusion:

A formal Lab Report is not required for this lab. Observations and answers to questions
are to be recorded above and the complete lab handed in to be graded. Your responses
must be legible to be marked.

Your instructor may choose to mark the lab completely during the lab session.