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Chapter Test

10 Cellular Respiration
Directions
For multiple choice questions, write the letter that best answers the question or completes the
statement on the line provided. For other question types, follow the directions provided.

_______ 1. Morgan has diabetes and must carefully monitor his food intake. He is
learning the calorie count of the different macromolecules—carbohydrates,
proteins, and fats—so that he can make choices to keep his blood sugar in the
proper range. He notices that the word calorie is sometimes spelled with a capital
C. Which statement accurately describes calories and Calories?
a. A kilocalorie is equal to 1000 Calories.
b. A Calorie is equal to 100 calories.
c. A calorie is equal to 1000 Calories.
d. A Calorie is equal to a kilocalorie.

_______ 2. Mariana eats an orange. Which statement describes the ultimate source
of the energy that her body receives when she digests the orange?
a. Organic matter, rich soil in which the orange tree grows, and adequate water
all work together to generate the energy that can be derived from the orange.
b. The light energy that originates from the sun provides the energy to grow
oranges, which contain macromolecules.
c. The orange tree obtains energy from the nitrogen compounds and other
compounds in fertilizer.
d. The orange contains the energy-rich nutrients that it draws from the soil.

_______ 3. The molecules in the food we eat contain chemical energy stored in
chemical bonds. Which statement BEST explains how this energy is released?
a. Cells burn food molecules, releasing energy as heat that powers movement
while keeping the body at the correct temperature.
b. Chemical energy is released as eaten food is digested, giving off heat as a
by-product.
c. Cells extract and capture the energy in food molecules all at once, then store
it for later use.
d. Chemical bonds in food molecules are broken, releasing energy and allowing
cells to use the energy to make ATP.

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_______ 4. Natasha is making a model of cellular respiration. Her model shows the
pathway followed when there is enough oxygen available. What does Natasha’s
model show?
a. an aerobic pathway consisting of glycolysis and fermentation
b. an anaerobic pathway consisting of glycolysis and fermentation
c. an aerobic pathway consisting of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron
transport chain
d. an anaerobic pathway consisting of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the
electron transport chain

_______ 5. The process of combustion, or burning, is very similar to the chemical

processes that release energy in cells. Wood burns at a very high temperature,
about 600C. Which two statements explain how the human body is able to
obtain energy without becoming too hot? Select two answer choices.
a. A large percentage of the cell is protein, which prevents rapid combustion.
b. The breakdown of glucose occurs in many small steps.
c. Low-temperature breakdown oxidation of glucose is enabled by enzymes that
catalyze specific reactions.
d. Both fuel and ample oxygen are required for fire; oxygen concentration is too
low in the body to allow combustion.

_______ 6. The overall reactions for photosynthesis and cellular respiration are
opposite. Select two statements that describe the two processes.
a. Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and produces
oxygen.
b. Cellular respiration uses carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and produces
oxygen.
c. Photosynthesis uses oxygen to release energy from food and produces
carbon dioxide as a byproduct.
d. Cellular respiration uses oxygen to release energy from food and produces
carbon dioxide as a byproduct.

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_______ 7. Glycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration and is an anaerobic

process. During glycolysis, glucose is converted to two molecules of pyruvic acid.
How is glycolysis kept functioning during cellular respiration?
a. Two high-energy electrons are passed to the carrier NADH, which transports
electrons back to glycolysis.
b. Two molecules of ATP from the cell are invested at the beginning of the
process of glycolysis.
c. Pyruvic acid from glycolysis reacts to form acetyl-CoA, which then combines
with a four-carbon compound in the Krebs cycle and re-enters glycolysis.
d. H+ ions pass back across the mitochondrial membrane through
chemiosmosis and re-enter glycolysis.

_______ 8. Savannah is asked to explain the locations of the stages of cellular

respiration. What location should she give for the site of the Krebs cycle
reactions?
a. the cell membrane, which surrounds the cell
b. the nucleus of the cell
c. the matrix of the mitochondria
d. the cytoplasm of the cell

_______ 9. Celeste and Raymond are studying the differences between prokaryotes
and eukaryotes. They learn that in eukaryotic cells the electron transport chain is
in a different location than in prokaryotic cells. Which statements give the correct
explanation of this difference? Select two answer choices.
a. In prokaryotes, the electron transport chain is in the nucleus.
b. In eukaryotes, the electron transport chain is composed of a series of
electron carriers located in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.
c. In eukaryotes, the electron transport chain is composed of a series of
electron carriers located in the Golgi apparatus.
d. In prokaryotes, the electron transport chain is in the cell membrane.

_______ 10. The Krebs cycle consists of many small steps, each catalyzed by a
protein enzyme. What is another name for the Krebs cycle?
a. the pyruvic acid cycle
b. the carbon dioxide cycle
c. the citric acid cycle
d. the Calvin cycle

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_______ 11. ATP, a higher energy molecule than ADP, is synthesized from ADP in the
electron transport chain. Given that molecules cannot go from a lower energy to
a higher energy on their own without an external input of energy, how does the
energy for this reaction enter the system?
a. Energy enters the system when NADH and FADH2 carry their high-energy
electrons to the electron transport chain where, through chemiosmosis, their
energy is used to transport hydrogen ions across the membrane into the
intermembrane space, causing the buildup of a charge difference.
b. Energy enters the system when NAD+ and FAD carry their high-energy
electrons to glycolysis, where, through kinesis, their energy is used to
transport acetyl-coA across the membrane into the intermembrane space,
causing the buildup of a charge difference.
c. Energy enters the system when NADH and FADH2 carry their high-energy
electrons to the Calvin cycle where, through chemiosmosis, their energy is
used to transport hydrogen ions across the membrane into the
intermembrane space, causing a higher concentration of hydrogen ions.
d. Energy enters the system when NAD+ and FAD carry their high-energy
electrons to the electron transport chain where, through chemiosmosis, their
energy is used to transport hydrogen ions across the membrane into the
matrix, causing the buildup of lactic acid.

_______ 12. ATP is produced in all stages of cellular respiration. Which two
statements describe the process of ATP synthesis in the electron transport
chain? Select two answer choices.
a. The ATP synthase spins when the hydrogen ions rush past, acting as a
"matchmaker" and grabbing another phosphate group to attach to an ADP
molecule.
b. The high concentration of NAD+ acts as a catalyst to speed up the formation
of ATP from ADP.
c. The high concentration of hydrogen ions in the intermembrane space allows
them to diffuse back across the membrane into the matrix.
d. The FADH2 synthase spins as the high-energy electrons rush past,
synthesizing ATP from ADP.

_______ 13. In the process of glycolysis, four ATP molecules are synthesized from
four ADP molecules. Why does glycolysis not yield four molecules of ATP?
a. Two ATP molecules are lost in the cytoplasm.
b. Two ATP molecules are converted immediately back to ADP.
c. Two ATP molecules are required to start the process.
d. Two ATP molecules are absorbed in the mitochondria.

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_______ 14. Jose and Rema are making sourdough bread. They have been feeding
the starter dough for a week now, and it has undergone lactic acid fermentation.
They mix the dough and add a portion of the starter, which will give the bread its
famous texture and sour flavor.

What process will occur next to make the dough rise?

a. Alcoholic fermentation takes place and ethyl alcohol and CO2 gas are formed,
creating pockets in the dough.
b. Alcoholic fermentation takes place, and the yeast give off oxygen, creating
pockets in the dough.
c. Alcoholic fermentation takes place, and during the Krebs cycle, CO2 is
produced, creating pockets in the dough.
d. Alcoholic fermentation takes place, and the H2O byproduct of the electron
transport chain vaporizes to create pockets in the dough.

_______ 15. Xavier and Jill are practicing the 100-meter sprint. Which statement BEST
describes the metabolic pathways their muscles will utilize to produce the quick
energy needed for this intense exercise?
a. Glucose is converted to pyruvic acid, followed by the aerobic pathways of the
Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain.
b. Glycolysis produces pyruvic acid and 2 molecules of ATP, then in the
absence of oxygen, alcoholic fermentation regenerates NAD+ to keep
glycolysis running.
c. The pyruvic acid from glycolysis enters the mitochondria and is broken down
in the Krebs cycle.

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d. Glycolysis begins glucose metabolism, and in the absence of oxygen, lactic

acid fermentation takes over.

For questions 16 and 17, circle each word or phrase that correctly completes the sentence.

16. Fermentation is a chemical reaction that takes place in the (cytoplasm /

mitochondria / matrix / membrane) and occurs when oxygen is (not available /
available). Byproducts of fermentation may include (alcohol / enzymes /
citric acid) or (lactic acid / pyruvic acid). Fermentation yields (much less /
much more / about the same amount of) ATP than the electron transport
chain.

17. Glycolysis yields (2 / 16 / 32) molecules of ATP per glucose molecule,

while the electron transport chain yields (32 / 2 / 16) molecules of ATP due to the
presence of oxygen.

_______ 18. Air and water pollution from industrial waste is a major global challenge,
and is largely driven by societal needs and wants. Biochemists know that plants
function as small chemical factories, yet produce no toxic waste. These tiny
factories in plants are everywhere, synthesizing carbohydrates from
photosynthesis, utilizing cellular respiration for energy production, and producing
food for animals all at the same time.

How can this knowledge, along with modern technology, BEST be applied
to reduce industrial pollution?

a. Hazardous industrial wastes can be treated with fertilizer and spread on

croplands.
b. Plants can be genetically modified to synthesize compounds that currently
are made in chemical factories that produce hazardous wastes.
c. Plants can be genetically modified to transform heavy metals, such as lead
and mercury, into less toxic elements.
d. DNA fingerprinting can be used to identify plants that could naturally
decontaminate industrial wastes.

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For question 19, complete the paragraph with words from the word bank. Write the correct word
or phrase on each line. Not all words will be used.

19. Marathon runners have a much higher percentage of "slow twitch" fibers

in their muscles, which make it possible for them to run long distances at a

steady pace. On the other hand, sprinters' muscles are composed mostly of "fast

twitch" fibers, which allow for intense bursts of exertion.

Therefore, marathon runners have more __________ in their muscles to allow for

greater __________ production in a long endurance run.

lactic acid ADP marathon runners

ATP sprinters mitochondria

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20. Kawana knows that the sandwich she eats for lunch will give her energy
for lacrosse practice that afternoon, but she wonders exactly how the food will
reach her cells and enable her muscles to move. Give a brief description of how
energy from food is made available for cellular use.

21. Cellular respiration and photosynthesis can be thought of as opposite

processes. These two processes work together and contribute to the cycling of
carbon between Earth systems. Look at the diagram.

Construct an explanation for how photosynthesis and cellular respiration

contribute to the carbon cycle.

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Refer to the following passage and illustrations to answer questions 22 and 23.

Tucker and Micayla are conducting an experiment with cellular respiration. The purpose of their
experiment is to find out if plant cells utilize cellular respiration in addition to photosynthesis.
They begin by filling one test tube with glass beads, one with dried (non-germinating) peas, and
one with peas that have been soaked and have begun to germinate.

22. Use the word bank to complete the paragraph. Write the correct word or
phrase on each line.

A product of cellular respiration is __________, which can escape from

the test tubes through the __________. A reactant of cellular respiration is

__________, which will be used up. Plants, like animals, need energy for

__________. The difference is that plants first __________ food that later

undergoes cellular respiration, whereas animals must __________ food.

growth and reproduction eat pipettes

carbon dioxide make oxygen

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23. Look at the illustration. Predict which test group will undergo cellular
respiration and explain why.

Refer to the passage and graph below to answer questions 24 and 25.

Madison is conducting a biotechnology experiment in her kitchen. Her goal is to make yogurt
with a pH of 4.5 in the optimal time of 4 hours. Normally, she uses a mixed culture of L.
bulgaricus and S. thermophilus to ferment yogurt. She designs her experiment to include the
mixed cultures but also with the L. bulgaricus culture alone to see if one would ferment faster.
She graphs her results to display her data.

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24. Circle each word or phrase that complete the paragraph.

Certain bacteria that produce lactic acid as a waste product during fermentation,
an (anaerobic / aerobic) process, are important to the food industry. This lactic
acid is what gives yogurt its (sour / sweet) taste. From the graph, based on the
pH after 4 hours, the (L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus group /
milk alone group / L. bulgaricus alone group) would taste the most acidic.

25. What conclusion can Madison draw from her results?

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