Drones in IoT-enabled Spaces 1st Edition Fadi Al-Turjman all chapter instant download
Drones in IoT-enabled Spaces 1st Edition Fadi Al-Turjman all chapter instant download
com
https://textbookfull.com/product/drones-in-iot-enabled-
spaces-1st-edition-fadi-al-turjman/
OR CLICK BUTTON
DOWNLOAD NOW
https://textbookfull.com/product/multimedia-enabled-sensors-in-iot-
data-delivery-and-traffic-modelling-first-edition-fadi-al-turjman/
textboxfull.com
https://textbookfull.com/product/security-in-iot-social-networks-fadi-
al-turjman/
textboxfull.com
https://textbookfull.com/product/performability-in-internet-of-things-
fadi-al-turjman-ed/
textboxfull.com
https://textbookfull.com/product/smart-cities-performability-
cognition-security-fadi-al-turjman/
textboxfull.com
Wireless Sensor Networks: Deployment Strategies for
Outdoor Monitoring 1st Edition Fadi Al-Turjman
https://textbookfull.com/product/wireless-sensor-networks-deployment-
strategies-for-outdoor-monitoring-1st-edition-fadi-al-turjman/
textboxfull.com
https://textbookfull.com/product/fog-enabled-intelligent-iot-systems-
yang-yang/
textboxfull.com
https://textbookfull.com/product/iot-projects-with-nvidia-jetson-nano-
ai-enabled-internet-of-things-projects-for-beginners-agus-kurniawan/
textboxfull.com
https://textbookfull.com/product/drones-what-everyone-needs-to-
know-1st-edition-kreps/
textboxfull.com
Fadi Al-Turjman
MATLAB® and Simulink® are trademarks of The MathWorks, Inc. and are used with permission. The
MathWorks does not warrant the accuracy of the text or exercises in this book. This book’s use or dis-
cussion of MATLAB® and Simulink® software or related products does not constitute endorsement or
sponsorship by The MathWorks of a particular pedagogical approach or particular use of the MATLAB®
and Simulink® software.
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts
have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume
responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers
have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize
to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material
has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint.
Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, trans-
mitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter
invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval
system, without written permission from the publishers.
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.
com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood
Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and
registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the
CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged.
Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are
used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Fadi Al-Turjman
“Great things in business are never done by one
person. They’re done by a team of people.”
Steve Jobs
Contents
Author................................................................................................................xiii
1 UAVs in Intelligent IoT-Cloud Spaces.....................................................1
FADI AL-TURJMAN, ENVER EVER, AND MURAT FAHRIOGLU
1.1 Intelligence in UAVs...........................................................................2
1.2 Collaborative UAVs in Cloud.............................................................4
1.3 Conclusion.........................................................................................5
References.....................................................................................................6
2 Deployment Strategies for Drones in the IoT Era: A Survey...................7
FADI AL-TURJMAN, MOHAMMAD ABUJUBBEH, AND
ARMAN MALEKLOO
2.1 Introduction.......................................................................................7
2.1.1 Scope of This Survey..............................................................8
2.1.2 State of Surveys......................................................................9
2.2 S tatic Positioning of Drones.............................................................11
2.2.1 Deployment Methodology...................................................11
2.2.1.1 R andom Drone Deployment.................................11
2.2.1.2 C ontrolled Drone Deployment.............................12
2.2.2 Role-Based Placement Strategies..........................................12
2.2.2.1 R elay Drone Placement.........................................13
2.2.2.2 P lacement of Data Collectors................................16
2.2.3 Primary Objectives for Deployment.....................................16
2.2.3.1 A rea Coverage.......................................................17
2.2.3.2 N etwork Connectivity..........................................17
2.2.3.3 Network Lifetime..................................................17
2.2.3.4 D ata Fidelity.........................................................18
2.3 Dynamic Positioning of Drones.......................................................18
2.3.1 D rones Repositioning Schemes............................................18
2.3.2 Relocation Issues..................................................................24
2.4 Performance Metrics in Deployments...............................................24
2.5 Existing Drone Brands and Deployment Issues................................24
vii
viii ◾ Contents
xiii
Chapter 1
UAVs in Intelligent
IoT-Cloud Spaces
Fadi Al-Turjman
Antalya Bilim University
1
2 ◾ Drones in IoT-enabled Spaces
1.1 Intelligence in UAVs
Recently, artificial intelligence, specifically ML, showed an outstanding
performance in complicated tasks that require human-like intelligence and intu-
ition to perform. ML is suited for the situations where there are no defined rules for
performing a task, and instead, the rules are learned from real data. ML is capable
of detecting hidden structures in the data to make smart decisions. ML techniques
can be classified in general into three main categories. This classification is mainly
based on the kind of data and the objective of the task. The three categories are as
follows.
1.3 Conclusion
Research in DSC is still in its infancy, and many practitioners and academics are
keen to pursue their research in this scholarly area. The use of DSC-based s olutions,
where an infrastructure can be made available very rapidly, particularly, for emer-
gency communications in disaster-affected areas, is a very promising solution.
The research work on this topic mainly advocates the following reasons
for the employment of DSC-based solutions in PSNs: (1) UAVs are able to
hover at higher altitude to provide a suitable height gain; (2) through energy
sustainability, UAVs can be made suitable for PSNs, since the main aim is to
exchange emergency-related information for short durations; (3) while hovering,
UAVs improve connection reliability and offer better connectivity and efficiency
for UE; (4) the usage of DSCs can allow efficient use of bandwidth and improve
frequency reusability; and (5) the use of DSCs will result in rapid deployment
of communication network in disaster-affected areas where early involvement is
essential. The utilization of DSCs in critical scenarios has the potential of intro-
ducing significant advantages, since due to their mobility, flexibility, and adapt-
ability, the DSCs are able to provide coverage and capacity exactly where and
when it is needed even under such circumstances that other means of communi-
cation services are not available.
The main areas of interest that requires improvements for development of
DSCs are as follows: (1) optimized on-demand communications should come with
enhanced throughput to support highly resilient networks within critical and emer-
gency scenarios; (2) ad hoc on-demand formation of small cells should support
enhancement of the number of users to be served by and at the same time prioritize
the communications of rescue workers and first responders, reporting from the
disaster-affected areas; (3) A priority-wise channel access establishment should also
be provided for emergency-related communications, which reduces channel access
delay within DSCs; (4) the deployment, mobility, and coverage-based issues, such
as potential areas with higher numbers of victims, should be addressed.
6 ◾ Drones in IoT-enabled Spaces
References
1. K. Ali, H. X. Nguyen, P. Shah, Q. T. Vien, and N. Bhuvanasundaram, Architecture
for public safety network using D2D communication, in 2016 IEEE Wireless
Communications and Networking Conference, Doha, Qatar, April 2016, pp. 1–6.
2. K. Ali, H. X. Nguyen, P. Shah, Q. T. Vien, and E. Ever, D2D multi-hop relay-
ing services towards disaster communication system, in 2017 24th International
Conference on Telecommunications (ICT), Limassol, Cyprus, May 2017, pp. 1–5.
3. K. Ali, H. X. Nguyen, Q. T. Vien, P. Shah, and Z. Chu, Disaster management using
D2D communication with power transfer and clustering techniques, IEEE Access,
vol. PP, no. 99, 1, 2018.
4. O. Oubbati, A. Lakas, F. Zhou, M. Güneş, and M. Yagoubi, A survey on
position-based routing protocols for Flying Ad hoc Networks (FANETs), Vehicular
Communications, vol. 10, 29–56, 2017.
5. G. Tuna, B. Nefzi, and G. Conte, Unmanned aerial vehicle-aided communications
system for disaster recovery, Journal of Network and Computer Applications, vol. 41,
27–36, 2014.
6. A. Dasun, I. Guvenc, W. Saad, and M. Bennis, Regret based learning for UAV
assisted LTE-U/WiFi public safety networks, in Global Communications Conference
(GLOBECOM), 2016 IEEE, Washington, DC, 2016, pp. 1–7.
7. M. Mozaffari, W. Saad, M. Bennis, and M. Debbah, Unmanned aerial vehicle
with underlaid device-to-device communications: Performance and tradeoffs, IEEE
Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 15, no. 6, 3949–3963, 2016.
8. M. Mozaffari, W. Saad, M. Bennis, and M. Debbah, Mobile unmanned aerial v ehicles
(UAVs) for energy-efficient internet of things communications, IEEE Transactions on
Wireless Communications, vol. 16, no. 11, 7574–7589, 2017.
9. F. Al-Turjman, M. Z. Hasan, and H. Al-Rizzo, Task scheduling in cloud-based
survivability applications using swarm optimization in IoT, Transactions on Emerging
Telecommunications, 2018. doi:10.1002/ett.3539.
10. S. Dimitrios, E. Tsiropoulou, M. Devetsikiotis, and S. Papavassiliou, Wireless
powered public safety IoT: A UAV-assisted adaptive-learning approach towards
energy efficiency, Journal of Network and Computer Applications, vol. 123, 69–79,
2018.
11. S. Raza, S. A. Hassan, H. Pervaiz, and Q. Ni, Drone-aided communication as a key
enabler for 5G and resilient public safety networks, IEEE Communications Magazine,
vol. 56, no. 1, 36–42, 2018.
12. F. Al-Turjman, Cognitive routing protocol for disaster-inspired Internet of Things,
Elsevier Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 92, 1103–1115, 2019.
Chapter 2
Deployment Strategies
for Drones in the
IoT Era: A Survey
Fadi Al-Turjman
Antalya Bilim University
2.1 Introduction
On one hand, the advancement in internet of things (IoT) technology enabled con-
nectivity to a large number of smart devices that can be accessed at any time, from
everywhere, using anything [1]. On the other hand, Drone technology, known as
unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), witnessed a vast attention in the recent years due to
the advantages they can offer and their deployment flexibility. To this extent, both
technologies form a promising paradigm that offers a wide range of applications
in the modern smart city (SC) known as internet of Drones [2]. Consequently,
Drones, as shown in Figure 2.1, can be used in public safety, area coverage,
short-term large-scale emergency events [3], vehicle tracking and congestion man-
agement [4], coastal investigations [5], and forestry applications [6], to name a
few. However, optimal deployment of Drones is considered as one of the biggest
challenges that Drone technology faces [7]. With proper planning of Drones’ posi-
tioning (deployment) in the 3D space, one can greatly benefit from their unique
features, such as network reliability enhancement through area coverage schemes
7
8 ◾ Drones in IoT-enabled Spaces
that the direct transmission of data packets from sources to destinations is diffi-
cult. Thus, it is worth to employ off-the-shelf mobile Drones to gather data packets
from the source and deliver them to the desired destination [9].
Putting the previous notes into consideration, we intend to review Drone
deployment strategies in a synergistic manner by drawing on existing related
literature efforts.
2.1.2 State of Surveys
There have been a few attempts in the literature towards providing a survey about
deployment aspects of the Drone technology. For example, in Ref. [10], authors
provide an insight on the technological improvements and future direction of
autonomous Drones by reviewing Drone design and manufacturing challenges as
well as their associated regulative issues. In Ref. [11], a review on Drone-based
businesses in Chiba and challenges related to research and ImPACT (immediate
post-concussion assessment and cognitive testing) program throughout the entire
country, Japan. In line with IoT advancements, authors in Ref. [12] comprehen-
sively review Drone technology by discussing Drone use cases and services, physical
collision issues and avoidance methods, enabling communication technologies,
data gathering, forwarding, and processing aspects in Drone technology, and
future research suggestions accordingly. On the other hand, authors in Ref. [13]
discuss Drone-based forestry applications by analyzing the ongoing research efforts.
Moreover, authors in Ref. [14] explain Drone physical configuration and structure
with a discussion on their relocation control mechanisms and provide research
directions accordingly. Ref. [15] provides a thorough survey on Drones, includ-
ing a classification metric according to Drone types and their respective applica-
tions, design challenges related to microDrones as well as approaches for increasing
their endurance, and limitations and future solutions for Drone implementations.
Furthermore, Ref. [16] investigates the advancement of space exploration-based
Drone deployment, considering design issues associated with their fabrication with
future research suggestions accordingly. Ref. [17] presents a comprehensive sur-
vey that provides an in-depth understanding of Drone characteristics and their
applications, classifies Drone operation modes (such as area coverage, search opera-
tions, data gathering in WSNs, and communication link allocations) as well as
integration of Drones with other types of vehicles, and discuss existing challenges
related to Drone deployments with future research suggestions. In addition, radar-
based Drone monitoring techniques are reviewed in Ref. [18] by reporting litera-
ture works surrounding Drone detection and classification approaches as well as
providing future research recommendations. While Ref. [19] reviews the ongoing
research attempts related to Drone deployment for building inspection purposes,
with a case study validating the proposed framework on Syracuse University cam-
pus to demonstrate the procedure. Finally, authors in Ref. [20] review integrating
Drone technology into medicine and showcase specific applications that, with the
10 ◾ Drones in IoT-enabled Spaces
[12] 2016 Drone use cases, physical collision issues, and avoidance
methods, enabling communication technologies, data
gathering, forwarding, and processing aspects in Drone
technology and open research issues
2.2.1 Deployment Methodology
In Drone static deployment, two main methodologies are used for the deployment:
controlled and random deployments.
Figure 2.2 Drone deployment methodologies: (a) weighted random, (b) unweighted
random, (c) line-based, and (d) cluster-based.
are lost due to different reasons such as link failure or increased data congestions.
Second, Drones can be deployed as data collectors to report real-time informa-
tion in a certain application. Usually, this type of deployment is greatly useful in
applications characterized with environmental-harsh conditions or tracking and
localization applications. This includes applications such as disaster management
and rescue, military services, and structural health monitoring schemes. In the
following subsections, we present the aforementioned role-based deployment strat-
egies, and Table 2.2 categorizes selected research efforts that target static Drone
deployment accordingly.
ECNs [28] Number of Drones 2.5 GHz 224 Random Drone height and
coverage
WSNs [30] Path loss minimization 2.5 GHz 50 Random Number of covered
users
◾ Drones in IoT-enabled Spaces
Relay node
[36] Fairness performance 2 GHz 100 Random and Number of Drones
uniform
[37] Energy efficiency 700 MHz 100 Random and Minimum transmit
uniform power
[34] Coverage and number of users 28 GHz 100 Random Human blockage
(Continued )
Another Random Scribd Document
with Unrelated Content
VI
Parempaa toivottiin. Mutta merkillinen lapsi hän yhtä kaikki oli, sen
he olivat valmiit tunnustamaan. Milloin hän muitten leikkiessä istua
kyykötti jossakin nurkassa aivan kuin ei olisi tiennyt koko
ympäröivästä elämästä mitään, milloin otti kaikkein vilkkaimmin
siihen osaa.
*****
"Äiti!" kysyi Niku kerran kotona. "Kuka minun isäni on?"
"Niin, mutta miksi sinä sitä aina kyselet. Hän kuoli silloin kun sinä
synnyit."
"Niin juuri. Mutta ole nyt rauhassa ja syö. Pian sinun on taas
mentävä."
"Anna vasta isän paperien olla rauhassa", toruu hän. "Ei se avioton
mitään ole ja sen sinä kyllä ehdit oppia ymmärtämään."
Mutta Nikulla on nyt jotkin mielessään eikä hän hellitä. Hetkisen
hän kyllä istuu vaiti ja hautoo asioitaan pienessä päässään, mutta
sitten häneltä pääsee yhtäkkiä:
"Keneltä sitten?"
"Ne valehtelevat."
"Eivät valehtele."
"Jos asia niin olisikin, niin minkä, lapsi parka, sinä sille teet.
Jokuhan isä meillä kaikilla täytyy olla."
Niku on niinkuin ei kasvatusäidin sanoja kuulisikaan. Hänen
päässään ovat arvatenkin jo toiset ajatukset. Viimein hän taas
nostaa katseensa kasvatusäidin puoleen.
*****
*****
*****
*****
"Iltaa!"
"Ei täällä sen kummempaa väkeä ole kuin minä. Ja on tänne moni
ja monenlainen poikennut."
Eukko alkaa keittää kahvia, ja koko ajan hänen suunsa käy kuin
mylly. Hänellä on nähtävästi harvoin puhekumppaneita, ja kun
sellainen sattuu kohdalle, on sitä käytettävä.
"Minkälainen ihminen sen lapsen äiti oikein oli?" kysyi hän pitkän
tuokion kuluttua äänellä, jota ei tahdo tuntea omakseen. "Jaa —
ihminen, kysyit?" Eukko on nyt saanut kahvinsa valmiiksi ja saattaa
siis päästää kuvaamiskykynsä täyteen valtaan.
"Se oli niin huonossa kunnossa", jatkoi hän sitten, "että sitä on
vähän vaikea sanoa. Tuohon se töksähti ovenpieltä vastaan ja
tuohon lattialle teki…"
*****
Hänen olisi tehnyt mieli itkeä, mutta samalla häntä kiroilutti. Lopen
väsyneenä hän poikkesi tien viereen ja nojasi päänsä puunrunkoa
vasten.
"Ei, en minä aio tänne jäädä. Minä tulin vain teitä katsomaan eikä
minulla ole mitään tuomisiakaan."
"Miksei sitten?"
"En minä osaa sitä selittää, mutta niin se vaan on. En minä voi
täällä pitempiä aikoja olla."
"Mitä minä meren sannasta. Virta sen vie ja tuuli tuo. Mutta äiti on
toinen asia." Ja ääni saa matalamman soinnun kun hän jatkaa:
"Kävin tullessani hautausmaalla katselemassa… mutten minä mitään
löytänyt, vaikka miten olisin koettanut etsiä."
*****
*****
Yksinäinen ja kuljeksiva, työtön ja melkein rahaton sällimies tulee
taloon ja pyytää työtä ja ruokaa. Hän on hyvän näköinen, mutta hän
on nälkiintynyt ja kurjistunut, ja sellaisia katsellaan aina jonkun
verran epäillen. Töykeä, kieltävä vastaus pyörähtää jo isännän
huulilla.
Tällaisen tunteen vallassa hän on ollut siitä asti kuin taloon tuli, ja
se on jäänyt pysyväiseksi. Mutta hän osaa pitää suunsa kiinni ja
katseensa kurissa, osaa kun osaakin, jumalaut.
Että keskustelun pitikin nyt vaihtua tälle alalle. Niku näyttää yhä
enemmän syventyvän lehteensä, jota hän ei kuitenkaan lue. Ja
sydän lyö.
"Entä isä?"
Naputus,
"Minä, Niku."
Welcome to our website – the ideal destination for book lovers and
knowledge seekers. With a mission to inspire endlessly, we offer a
vast collection of books, ranging from classic literary works to
specialized publications, self-development books, and children's
literature. Each book is a new journey of discovery, expanding
knowledge and enriching the soul of the reade
Our website is not just a platform for buying books, but a bridge
connecting readers to the timeless values of culture and wisdom. With
an elegant, user-friendly interface and an intelligent search system,
we are committed to providing a quick and convenient shopping
experience. Additionally, our special promotions and home delivery
services ensure that you save time and fully enjoy the joy of reading.
textbookfull.com