ALLEN

® Determinant

DETERMINANT
1. INTRODUCTION :
If the equations a1x + b1 = 0, a2x + b2 = 0 are satisfied by the same value of x, then a1b2 – a2b1 = 0.
The expression a1b2 – a2b1 is called a determinant of the second order, and is denoted by :
a1 b1
a2 b2
A determinant of second order consists of two rows and two columns.
Next consider the system of equations a1x + b1y + c1 = 0, a2x + b2y + c2 = 0, a3x + b3y + c3 = 0
If these equations are satisfied by the same values of x and y, then on eliminating x and y we get.

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a1(b2c3 – b3c2) + b1(c2a3 – c3a2) + c1(a2b3 – a3b2) = 0
The expression on the left is called a determinant of the third order, and is denoted by
a1 b1 c1

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a2 b2 c2
a3 b3 c3

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A determinant of third order consists of three rows and three columns.

2. VALUE OF A DETERMINANT :

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a1 b1 c1
b c2 a c2 a b2
D = a2 b2 c 2 = a1 2 - b1 2 + c1 2
b3 c3 a3 c3 a3 b3 = a1(b2c3 – b3c2) – b1(a2c3 – a3c2) + c1(a2b3 – a3b2)
a3 b3 c3
Note : Sarrus diagram to get the value of determinant of order three :

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–ve –ve –ve
a1 b1 c1 a1 b1 c1 a1 b1
D = a2 b2 c 2 = a2 b2 c2 a2 b2 = (a1b2c3 + a2b3c1 +a3b1c2) – (a3b2c1 + a2b1c3 + a1b3c2)
a3 b3 c3 a3 b3 c3 a3 b3
+ve +ve +ve
Note that the product of the terms in first bracket (i.e. a1a2a3b1b2b3c1c2c3) is same as the product of the
terms in second bracket.
1 2 3
Illustration 1 : The value of -4 3 6 is -
2 -7 9
(A) 213 (B) – 231 (C) 231 (D) 39
1 32
3 6 -4 6 -4 3
Solution : -4 6 =1
3 –2 +3
-7 9 2 9 2 -7
2 -7 9
= (27 + 42) – 2 (–36 –12) + 3 (28 – 6) = 231
Alternative : By sarrus diagram
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2
-4 3 6 = -4 3 6 -4 3
2 -7 9 2 -7 9 2 -7

= (27 + 24 + 84) – (18 – 42 – 72)= 135 – (18 – 114) = 231 Ans. (C)
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3. MINORS & COFACTORS :

The minor of a given element of determinant is the determinant obtained by deleting the row & the
column in which the given element stands.
a1 b1 c1
b2 c2 a c1
For example, the minor of a1 in a2 b2 c 2 is & the minor of b2 is 1 .
b3 c3 a3 c3
a3 b3 c3
Hence a determinant of order three will have “9 minors”.
If Mij represents the minor of the element belonging to ith row and jth column then the cofactor of that
element is given by : Cij = (–1)i + j. Mij

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2 -3 1
Illustration 2 : Find the minors and cofactors of elements '–3', '5', '–1' & '7' in the determinant 4 0 5
-1 6 7

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4 5
Solution : Minor of –3 = = 33 ; Cofactor of – 3 = –33
-1 7

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2 -3
Minor of 5 = = 9 ; Cofactor of 5 = –9
-1 6

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-3 1
Minor of –1 = = -15 ; Cofactor of –1 = –15
0 5
2 -3
Minor of 7 = = 12 ; Cofactor of 7 = 12

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4 0

4. EXPANSION OF A DETERMINANT IN TERMS OF THE ELEMENTS OF ANY ROW

OR COLUMN:
a1 b1 c1
Let D = a 2 b2 c 2
a3 b3 c3
(i) The sum of the product of elements of any row (column) with their corresponding cofactors is
always equal to the value of the determinant.
D can be expressed in any of the six forms :
a1A1 + b1B1 + c1C1, a1A1 + a2A2 + a3A3,
a2A2 + b2B2 + c2C2, b1B1 + b2B2 + b3B3,
a3A3 + b3B3 + c3C3, c1C1 + c2C2 + c3C3,
where Ai,Bi & Ci (i = 1,2,3) denote cofactors of ai,bi & ci respectively.
(ii) The sum of the product of elements of any row (column) with the cofactors of other row (column)
is always equal to zero.
Hence,
a2A1 + b2B1 + c2C1 = 0,
b1A1 + b2A2 + b3A3 = 0 and so on.
where Ai,Bi & Ci (i = 1,2,3) denote cofactors of ai,bi & ci respectively.
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Gyanoday -1 :
2 1 3
1. Find minors & cofactors of elements '6', '5', '0' & '4' of the determinant 6 5 7 .
3 0 4
5 -3 7
2. Calculate the value of the determinant -2 4 -8
9 3 -10
a b 0
3. The value of the determinant 0 a b is equal to -

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b 0 a
(A) a3 – b3 (B) a3 + b3 (C) 0 (D) none of these
1 2 0

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4. Find the value of 'k', if 2 3 1 = 4
3 k 2
5. Which of the following is correct?

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3 -1 -2
2 4
(A) = 17 (B) 0 0 -1 = 12
-5 -1

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3 -5 0
3 -4 5 2 -1 -2
(C) 1 1 -2 = 46 (D) 0 2 -1 = 4

A
2 3 1 3 -5 0

Comprehension (For Q.6 to 8)

p q r
Consider the determinant, D = x y z
l m n
th th
Mij denotes the minor of an element in i th row and j th column
Cij denotes the cofactor of an element in i row and j column
6. The value of p.C21 + q.C22 + r.C23 is
(A) 0 (B) –D (C) D (D) None of these
7. The value of x.C21 + y.C22 + z.C23 is
(A) 0 (B) –D (C) D (D) None of these
8. The value of q.M12 – y.M22 + m.M32 is
(A) 0 (B) –D
(C) x.M21 – y.M22 + z.M23 (D) Both (B) & (C)
0 1 sec a
9. If the minor of three-one element (i.e. M31) in the determinant tan a - sec a tan a is 1
1 0 1
then find the value of a.(0 £ a £ p)
3p
(A) 0 (B) (C) p (D) All of these
4
x -1 x +1 f(-1) f(-2)
10. If f(x) = , then find the value of .
x -2 x +2 f(1) f(2)
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(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 3 (D) 4

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5. PROPERTIES OF DETERMINANTS :
(a) The value of a determinant remains unaltered, if the rows & columns are inter-changed,
a1 b1 c1 a1 a 2 a 3
e.g. if D = a 2 b2 c 2 = b1 b2 b3
a 3 b3 c 3 c1 c 2 c3

(b) If any two rows (or columns) of a determinant be interchanged, the value of determinant is
changed in sign only. e.g.
a1 b1 c1 a 2 b2 c 2

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Let D = a 2 b2 c 2 & D1 = a1 b1 c1 . Then D = – D.
1
a 3 b3 c 3 a 3 b 3 c3
(c) If all the elements of a row (or column) are zero, then the value of the determinant is zero.

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(d) If all the elements of any row (or column) are multiplied by the same number, then the determi-
nant is multiplied by that number.

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a1 b1 c1 Ka1 Kb1 Kc1
e.g. If D = a 2 b2 c2 and D1 = a 2 b2 c 2 . Then D1 = KD
a3 b3 c3 a3 b3 c3

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(e) If all the elements of a row (or column) are proportional (or identical) to the element of any
other row, then the determinant vanishes, i.e. its value is zero.

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a1 b1 c1 a1 b1 c1
e.g. If D = a1 b1 c1 Þ D = 0 ; If D1 = ka1 kb1 kc1 Þ D1 = 0
a3 b3 c3 a3 b3 c3

a b c y b q
Illustration 3 : Prove that x y z = x a p
p q r z c r

a b c a x p
Solution : D= x y z = b y q (By interchanging rows & columns)
p q r c z r

x a p
= -y b q (C1 « C2)
z c r

y b q
= x a p (R1 « R2)
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a 2 ab ac
Illustration 4 : Find the value of the determinant ab b2 bc
ac bc c 2

a2 ab a b c ac a b c
2 2
Solution : D = ab b bc = a ab b bc = abc a b c = 0
ac bc c 2 ac bc c 2 a b c

Since all rows are same, hence value of the determinant is zero.

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Gyanoday -2 :

a p l r n c

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1. Without expanding the determinant prove that b q m + q m b =0
c r n p l a

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a b 2a 2b
2. If D = , then is equal to -
g d 2g 2d

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(A) D (B) 2D (C) 4D (D) 16D

53 106 159

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3. Find the value of 52 65 91 .
102 153 221

13 3 23
4. Find the value of 30 7 53
39 9 70
(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 8
a b c
5. The determinant x y z is same as:
p q r

a b p x b q x z y y b q
(A) y b q (B) y a p (C) p r q (D) x a p
z c r z c r a c b z c r

(f) If each element of any row (or column) is expressed as a sum of two (or more) terms, then the
determinant can be expressed as the sum of two (or more) determinants.
a1 + x b1 + y c1 + z a1 b1 c1 x y z
e.g. a 2 b2 c2 = a2 b2 c2 + a2 b2 c2
a3 b3 c3 a3 b3 c3 a3 b3 c3
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ƒ(r) g(r) h(r)

Note that : If Dr = a b c
a1 b1 c1

where r Î N and a,b,c, a1, b1,c1 are constants, then

n n n

å ƒ(r) å g(r) å h(r)

r =1 r =1 r =1
n

å Dr = a b c

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r =1
a1 b1 c1

(g) Row - column operation : The value of a determinant remains unaltered under a column

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(Ci) operation of the form Ci ® Ci + aCj + bCk (j, k ¹ i) or row (Ri) operation of the form
Ri ® Ri + aRj + bRk (j, k ¹ i). In other words, the value of a determinant is not altered by
adding the elements of any row (or column) to the same multiples of the corresponding ele-

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ments of any other row (or column)

a1 b1 c1

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e.g. Let D = a2 b2 c2
a3 b3 c3

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a1 + aa 2 b1 + ab 2 c1 + ac 2
D= a2 b2 c2 (R1 ® R1 + aR2; R3 ® R3 + bR2)
a3 + ba 2 b3 + bb2 c3 + bc2

Note :
(i) By using the operation Ri ® xRi + yRj + zRk (j, k ¹ i), the value of the determinant
becomes x times the original one.
(ii) While applying this property ATLEAST ONE ROW (OR COLUMN) must remain
unchanged.

r r3 2
n
Illustration 5 : If D r = n n 3
2n , find åD
r =0
r .
2
n(n + 1) æ n(n + 1) ö
ç ÷ 2(n + 1)
2 è 2 ø

n n n 2
n(n + 1) æ n(n + 1) ö
år å r3 å2 2 ç 2 ÷ø
2(n + 1)
n r =0 r =0 r =0 è
Solution : å Dr = n n3 2n = n n3 2n =0 Ans.
r =0 2 2
n(n + 1) æ n(n + 1) ö n(n + 1) æ n(n + 1) ö
ç ÷ 2(n + 1) ç 2(n + 1)
2 è 2 ø 2 è 2 ÷ø
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32 + k 42 32 + 3 + k
Illustration 6 : If 42 + k 52 42 + 4 + k = 0, then the value of k is-
52 + k 62 52 + 5 + k

(A) 2 (B) 1 (C) –1 (D) 0

Solution : Applying (C3 ® C3 – C1)

32 + k 4 2 3
D = 4 2 + k 52 4 =0
52 + k 62

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5

9 + k 16 3

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Þ 7 9 1 =0 (R3 ® R3 – R2; R2 ® R2 – R1)
9 11 1

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Þ k–1=0Þk=1 Ans. (B)

Gyanoday - 3 :

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x 2 0
1. Solve for x : 2 + x 5 -1 = 0
5-x 1 2

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2r 1 n
n
2. If Dr = 1 -2 3 , then find the value of å Dr .
r =1
3 2 1

sin 2 A cot A 1
3. If A + B + C = p, then the value of the determinant D = sin 2 B cot B 1 is equal to
sin 2 C cot C 1

(A) 1 (B) –1 (C) 0 (D) none of these

sin 2 13° sin 2 77° tan135°

4. The value of the determinant sin 2 77° tan135° sin 2 13° is equal to
tan135° sin 2 13° sin 2 77°

(A) –1 (B) 0 (C) 3 (D) 7

2 r -1 (
2 3 r -1 ) 4 (5 )r -1
n
5. If D r = x y z then the value of åD
r =1
r is
2 -1
n
3 -1
n
5 -1
n
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(h) Factor theorem : If the elements of a determinant D are rational integral functions of x and
two rows (or columns) become identical when x = a then (x – a) is a factor of D.
Note that if r rows become identical when a is substituted for x, then (x – a)r–1 is a factor of D.

a a x
Illustration 7 : Prove that m m m = m(x - a)(x - b)
b x b

Solution : Using factor theorem,

Put x = a

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a a a
D=m m m =0

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b a b

Since R1 and R2 are proportional which makes D = 0, therefore (x – a) is a factor of D.

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Similarly, by putting x = b, D becomes zero, therefore (x – b) is a factor of D.

a a x

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D= m m m = l(x - a)(x - b) ..........(i)
b x b

To get the value of l, put x = 0 in equation (i)

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a a 0
m m m = lab
b 0 b

amb = lab Þ l = m
\ D = m(x – a)(x – b)
Gyanoday - 4 :

1 a bc
1. Without expanding the determinant prove that 1 b ca = (a - b)(b - c)(c - a)
1 c ab

1 4 20
2. Using factor theorem, find the solution set of the equation 1 -2 5 = 0
1 2x 5x 2

a b c
3. a b c 2 is equals to
2 2

bc ca ab
(A) (a – b) (b – c) (c – a) (ab + bc + ca) (B) (a – b) (b – c) (c – a)
(C) (ab + bc + ca) (D) None of these
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1 1 1
4. a b c is equals to
a3 b3 c3
(A) (a – b) (b – c) (c – a) (ab + bc + ca) (B) (a – b) (b – c) (c – a)
(C) (a – b) (b – c) (c – a) (a + b + c) (D) None of these

a b+c a2
5. b c+a b 2 is equals to
c a + b c2

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(A) (a – b) (b – c) (c – a) (B) –(a + b + c) (a – b) (b – c) (c – a)
(C) (a – b) (b – c) (c – a) (a + b + c) (D) None of these

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6. MULTIPLICATION OF TWO DETERMINANTS :
a1 b1 l m1 a1 l1 + b1 l2 a1 m 1 + b1 m 2

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´ 1 =
a2 b 2 l2 m2 a 2 l1 + b 2 l2 a 2 m 1 + b2 m 2
Similarly two determinants of order three are multiplied.

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(a) Here we have multiplied row by column. We can also multiply row by row, column by row
and column by column.
(b) If D1 is the determinant formed by replacing the elements of determinant D of order n by their
corresponding cofactors then D1 = Dn–1

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Illustration 8 : Let a & b be the roots of equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 and Sn = an + bn for n ³ 1. Evaluate
3 1 + S1 1 + S2
the value of the determinant 1 + S1 1 + S2 1 + S3 .
1 + S2 1 + S3 1 + S4

3 1 + S1 1 + S2 1+1+1 1 + a + b 1 + a2 + b2
Solution : D = 1 + S1 1 + S2 1 + S3 = 1 + a + b 1 + a 2 + b2 1 + a3 + b3
2 2
1 + S2 1 + S3 1 + S4 1 + a + b 1 + a 3 + b3 1 + a 4 + b 4

2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
b = 1 a a = [(1 – a)(1 – b)(a – b)]
2 2
= 1 a a2 ´ 1 a
1 b b2 1 a2 b2 1 b b2

D = (a - b)2 (a + b - ab - 1)2
Q a & b are roots of the equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0

-b c b2 - 4ac
Þ a +b = & ab = Þ a -b =
a a a

2
(b2 - 4ac) æ a + b + c ö (b2 - 4ac)(a + b + c)2
D= ç ÷ = Ans.
a2 è a ø a4
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Gyanoday - 5 :

1 1 1 1 0 0
1. If the determinant D = a + b a + b2
2
2ab and D1 = 0 a b , then find the determinant
a +b 2ab a 2 + b2 0 b a

D
D2 such that D2 = .
D1

ab 2 - ac 2 bc 2 - a 2 b a 2 c - b2 c 1 1 1

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2. If D1 = ac - ab ab - bc bc - ac & D2 = a b c , then D1D2 is equal to -
c-b a -c b-a bc ac ab

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(A) 0 (B) D12 (C) D22 (D) D32

3 a+ b+c a 3 + b3 + c3

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3. Factorize : a+b+c a 2 + b2 + c 2 a 4 + b4 + c 4
a 2 + b2 + c 2 a 3 + b3 + c 3 a 5 + b5 + c5

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2 2 2
(A) [(a – b) (b – c) (c – a) (a + b + c)] (B) [(a – b) (b – c) (c – a) (a + b + c)]
2 2 2
(C) [(a – b) (b – c) (c – a) ] (D) None of these

A
1 x x2 x3 - 1 0 x - x4
4. If x x2 1 = 3 , then find the value of 0 x - x4 x3 - 1
x2 1 x x - x4 x3 - 1 0

(A) 5 (B) 8 (C) 9 (D) 3

a 2 + b 2 + c 2 bc + ca + ab bc + ca + ab
5. bc + ca + ab a 2 + b 2 + c 2 bc + ca + ab is always
bc + ca + ab bc + ca + ab a 2 + b2 + c 2
(A) non-negative (B) 0 (C) negative (D) Can't say

7. SPECIAL DETERMINANTS :
(a) Cyclic Determinant :
The elements of the rows (or columns) are in cyclic arrangement.

a b c
b c a = -(a 3 + b3 + c 3 - 3abc) = –(a + b + c) (a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ac)
c a b

1
= - (a + b + c) ´{(a - b)2 + (b - c) 2 + (c - a) 2}
2
= – (a + b + c) (a + bw + cw2) (a + bw2 + cw), where w ,w2 are cube roots of unity
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(b) Other Important Determinants :

0 b -c
(i) -b 0 a = 0
c -a 0

1 1 1 1 1 1
(ii) a b c = a b c = (a - b)(b - c)(c - a)

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bc ac ab a 2 b2 c 2

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1 1 1
(iii) a b c = (a - b)(b - c)(c - a)(a + b + c)

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3 3 3
a b c

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1 1 1
(iv) a 2 b2 c 2 = (a - b)(b - c)(c - a) (ab + bc + ca)
a 3 b3 c 3

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1 1 1
(v) a b c = (a - b)(b - c)(c - a)(a 2 + b 2 + c 2 - ab - bc - ca)
a 4 b4 c 4

1 a a2
Illustration 9 : Prove that a a2 1 = –(1– a3)2.
a2 1 a

Solution : This is a cyclic determinant.

1 a a2
Þ a a2 1 = – (1 + a + a2)(1 + a2 + a4 – a – a2 – a3)
a2 1 a

= – (1 + a + a2)(–a + 1 – a3 + a4)
= – (1 + a + a2)(1 – a)2(1 + a + a2)
= – (1 – a)2(1 + a + a2)2 = –(1 – a3)2
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Gyanoday - 6 :

ka k 2 + a 2 1
1. The value of the determinant kb k 2 + b 2 1 is
kc k 2 + c 2 1

(A) k(a + b)(b + c)(c + a) (B) kabc(a2 + b2 + c2)

(C) k(a – b)(b – c)(c – a) (D) k(a + b – c)(b + c – a)(c + a – b)

a2 + b2 a 2 - c2 a2 - c 2
2. Find the value of the determinant -a 2 0 c2 - a 2 .

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b2 -c 2 b2

a b c

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3. Prove that bc ca ab = (a + b + c)(a - b)(b - c)(c - a) .
b+c c+a a+b

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a a +1 a -1 a +1 b +1 c -1
4. Let a, b, c be such that b(a + c) ¹ 0. If - b b + 1 b - 1 + a -1 b -1 c + 1 = 0, then the

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n+ 2 n +1
c c -1 c +1 ( -1) a ( -1) b ( -1) n c
value of n is :-
(A) Any odd integer (B) Any integer

A
(C) Zero (D) Any even integer
5. The product of all the values of a for which equations (a – a)x + by + c = 0, cx + (a – a)y +
b = 0 and bx + cy + a – a = 0 are consistent, when a,b,c > 0, is -
(A) zero (B) positive (C) negative (D) one

8. CRAMER'S RULE (SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS) :

Simultaneous linear equations

Consistent Inconsistent
(at least one solution) (no solution)

Exactly one solution Infinite solutions

or
Unique solution Non trivial solution

Trivial solution At least one

i.e. All variable non zero variable
zero is the satisfies the system
only solution
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(a) Equations involving two variables :
(i) Consistent Equations : Definite & unique solution (Intersecting lines)
(ii) Inconsistent Equations : No solution (Parallel lines)
(iii) Dependent Equations : Infinite solutions (Identical lines)
Let, a1x + b1y + c1 = 0
a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 then :
a1 b1
(1) ¹ Þ Given equations are consistent with unique solution
a 2 b2

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a1 b1 c1
(2) = ¹ Þ Given equations are inconsistent
a2 b2 c2

a1 b1 c1

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(3) = = Þ Given equations are consistent with infinite solutions
a 2 b2 c2
(b) Equations Involving Three variables :

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Let a1x + b1y + c1z = d1 ............ (i)
a2x + b2y + c2z = d2 ............ (ii)

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a3x + b3y + c3z = d3 ............ (iii)

D2 D
Then, x = D1 , y = , z= 3 .
D D D

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a1 b1 c1 d1 b1 c1 a1 d1 c1 a1 b1 d1
Where D = a 2 b2 c 2 ; D1 = d 2 b2 c2 ; D = a 2 d2 c2 & D3 = a 2 b2 d2
2
a3 b3 c3 d3 b3 c3 a3 d3 c3 a3 b3 d3

Note :
(i) If D ¹ 0 and atleast one of D1 , D2 , D3 ¹ 0, then the given system of equations is
consistent and has unique non trivial solution.
(ii) If D ¹ 0 & D1 = D2 = D3 = 0, then the given system of equations is consistent and has
trivial solution only.
(iii) If D = 0 but atleast one of D1, D2, D3 is not zero then the equations are inconsistent and
have no solution.
(iv) If D = D1 = D2 = D3 = 0, then the given system of equations may have infinite or no
solution.

a1x + b1 y + c1z = d1 ü
ï
Note that In case a1x + b1y + c1z = d 2 ý (Atleast two of d1 , d2 & d3 are not equal)
a1x + b1 y + c1z = d 3 ïþ

D = D1= D2 = D3 = 0. But these three equations represent three parallel planes. Hence
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(c) Homogeneous system of linear equations :

If x, y, z are not all zero, the condition for
a1x + b1y + c1z = 0
a2x + b2y + c2z = 0
a3x + b3y + c3z = 0
a1 b1 c1
to be consistent in x, y, z is that a 2 b2 c 2 = 0.
a3 b3 c3
Remember that if a given system of linear equations have Only Zero Solution for all its variables
then the given equations are said to have TRIVIAL SOLUTION.

N
Illustration 10 : Find the nature of solution for the given system of equations :
x + 2y + 3z = 1; 2x + 3y + 4z = 3; 3x + 4y + 5z = 0

E
1 2 3
Solution : D=2 3 4 =0
3 4 5

L
1 2 3
Now, D1 = 3 3 4 = 5

L
0 4 5
Q D = 0 but D1 ¹ 0
Hence no solution. Ans.

A
Illustration 11 : Find the value of l, if the following equations are consistent :
x + y – 3 = 0; (1 + l)x + (2 + l)y – 8 = 0; x – (1 + l)y + (2 + l) = 0
Solution : The given equations in two unknowns are consistent, then D = 0
1 1 -3
i.e. 1 + l 2+l -8 = 0
1 -(1 + l) 2 + l
Applying C2 ® C2 – C1 and C3 ® C3 + 3C1
1 0 0
\ 1+ l 1 3l - 5 = 0
1 -2 - l 5 + l

Þ (5 + l) - (3l - 5)( -2 - l) = 0 Þ 3l 2 + 2 l - 5 = 0
\ l = 1, - 5 / 3
Illustration 12 : If the system of equations x + ly + 1 = 0, lx + y + 1 = 0 & x + y + l = 0. is consistent,
then find the value of l.
Solution : For consistency of the given system of equations
1 l 1
D = l 1 1 =0
1 1 l
Þ 3l = 1 + 1 + l3 or l3 – 3l + 2 = 0
Þ (l–1)2 (l + 2) = 0 Þ l = 1 or l =–2 Ans.
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Gyanoday -7 :
1. Find nature of solution for given system of equations
2x + y + z = 3; x + 2y + z = 4 ; 3x + z = 2
2. If the system of equations x + y + z = 2, 2x + y – z = 3 & 3x + 2y + kz = 4 has a unique
solution, then
(A) k ¹ 0 (B) –1 < k < 1 (C) –2 < k < 1 (D) k = 0
3. The system of equations lx + y + z = 0, –x + ly + z = 0 & –x – y + lz = 0 has a non-trivial
solution, then possible values of l are -

N
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) –3 (D) 3
4. Consider the system of linear equations : x1 + 2x2 + x3 = 3, 2x1 + 3x2 + x3 = 3, 3x1 + 5x2 + 2x3
= 1 The system has

E
(A) Infinite number of solutions (B) Exactly 3 solutions
(C) A unique solution (D) No solution

L
5. The number of values of k for which the linear equations 4x + ky + 2z = 0, kx + 4y + z =0,
2x + 2y + z = 0 possess a non-zero solution is :
(A) 1 (B) zero (C) 3 (D) 2

L
6. If the trivial solution is the only solution of the system of equations x – ky + z = 0, kx + 3y – kz
= 0, 3x + y – z = 0 Then the set of all values of k is :
(A) {2, –3} (B) R – {2, –3} (C) R – {2} (D) R – {–3}

A
7. Solve the following system of equations x + y + z = 5, 2x + 2y + 2z = 7, 3x + 3y + 3z = 6
(A) Unique solution (B) infinite solution (C) No solution (D) None of these
8. The number of values of k for which the system of equations
(k + 1)x + 8y = 4k
kx + (k + 3)y = 3k – 1
has infinitely many solutions is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) Infinite
9. The values of 'l' for which the system of equations
(1 – l)x + 3y – 4z = 0
x – (3 + l)y + 5z = 0
3x + y – lz = 0
possesses non-trivial solution, is/are
(A) –1 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 2
10. The system of equation
–kx + 3y – 14z = 25
–15x + 4y – kz = 3
–4x + y + 3z = 4
is consistent for all k in the set
(A) R (B) R – {–11,13} (C) R – {13} (D) R – {–11,11}
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EXERCISE (O-1)
Straight Objective Type
y+z x x
1. y z+x y equals -
z z x+y
(A) x2y2z2 (B) 4x2y2z2 (C) xyz (D) 4xyz
DT0001

N
1 3 4
2. If 1 x - 1 2x + 2 = 0, then x is equal to-
2 5 9

E
(A) 2 (B) 1 (C) 4 (D) 0
DT0002

L
x 2 + 3x x -1 x +3
3. If px4 + qx3 + rx2 + sx + t = x +1 2-x x -3 then t is equal to -

L
x -3 x+4 3x
(A) 33 (B) 0 (C) 21 (D) none
DT0003

A
1 -2 5
4. There are two numbers x making the value of the determinant 2 x -1 equal to 86. The sum of
0 4 2x
these two numbers, is-
(A) –4 (B) 5 (C) –3 (D) 9
DT0004
a1 b1 c1
5. If D = a 2 b2 c 2 and A2, B2, C2 are respectively cofactors of a2, b2, c2 then a1A2 + b1B2 + c1C2 is
a3 b3 c3
equal to-
(A) –D (B) 0 (C) D (D) none of these
DT0005
a1 b1 c1
6. If in the determinant D = a 2 b2 c 2 , A1, B1, C1 etc. be the co-factors of a1, b1, c1 etc., then which
a3 b3 c3
of the following relations is incorrect-
(A) a1A1 + b1B1 + c1C1 = D
(B) a2A2 + b2B2 + c2C2 = D
(C) a3A3 + b3B3 + c3C3 = D
(D) a1A2 + b1B2 + c1C2 = D DT0006
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a1 b1 c1
7. If D = a 2 b2 c2 and A1, B1, C1 denote the co-factors of a1, b1, c1 respectively, then the value of
a3 b3 c3

A1 B1 C1
the determinant A 2 B2 C 2 is -
A3 B3 C3

(A) D (B) D2 (C) D3 (D) 0

N
DT0007

x +1 x + 2 x + a
If a, b, c are in AP, then x + 2 x + 3 x + b equals -

E
8.
x+3 x+4 x +c
(A) a + b + c (B) x + a + b + c (C) 0 (D) none of these

L
DT0008
1 log x y log x z

L
9. For positive numbers x, y and z, the numerical value of the determinant log y x 1 log y z is-
log z x log z y 1
(A) 0 (B) log xyz (C) log(x + y + z) (D) logx logy logz

A
DT0009

a b c p+ x q+ y r+z
10. Let a determinant is given by A = p q r and suppose A = 6. If B = a + x b + y c + z then
x y z a +p b+q c+r
(A) B = 6 (B) B = – 6 (C) B = 12 (D) B = – 12
DT0010
11. The value of an odd order determinant in which aij + aji = 0 " i, j is -
(A) perfect square (B) negative (C) ± 1 (D) 0
DT0011
2r x n(n + 1)
n
12. If Sr = 6r - 1
2
y n 2 (2n + 3) , then åS
r=1
r does not depend on -
4r 3 - 2nr z n 3 (n + 1)
(A) x (B) y (C) n (D) all of these
DT0012

(a x + a - x )2 (a x - a - x ) 2 1
13. If a, b, c > 0 and x, y, z Î R, then the determinant (b y + b - y ) 2 (b y - b - y ) 2 1 is equal to -
(c z + c - z )2 (c z - c - z )2 1
(A) axbycx (B) a–xb–yc–z (C) a2xb2yc2z (D) zero
DT0013
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a b c
14. If a, b, c are sides of a scalene triangle, then the value of b c a is :
c a b

(A) non-negative (B) negative (C) positive (D) non-positive

DT0014
15. The value of k for which the set of equations 3x+ky– 2z=0, x + ky + 3z = 0 and 2x+3y – 4z=0 has
a non-trivial solution is-
(A) 15 (B) 16 (C) 31/2 (D) 33/2

N
DT0015
16. If the system of linear equations
x1 + 2x2 + 3x3 = 6

E
x1 + 3x2 + 5x3 = 9
2x1 + 5x2 + ax3 = b

L
is consistent and has infinite number of solutions, then :-
(A) a Î R – {8} and b Î R – {15} (B) a = 8, b can be any real number
(C) a = 8, b = 15 (D) b = 15, a can be any real number

L
DT0016
17. Consider the system of equations : x + ay = 0, y + az = 0 and z + ax = 0. Then the set of all real
values of 'a' for which the system has a unique solution is :

A
(A) {1, –1} (B) R – {–1} (C) {1, 0, –1} (D) R – {1}
DT0017
18. Let a, b, c be any real numbers. Suppose that there are real numbers x, y, z not all zero such that
x = cy + bz, y = az + cx and z = bx + ay, then a2 + b2 + c2 + 2abc is equal to
(A) 2 (B) –1 (C) 0 (D) 1
DT0018

1 + sin 2 x cos2 x 4sin 2x

19. Let f (x) = sin x2
1 + cos x 2
4sin 2x , then the maximum value of f(x) , is-
sin 2 x cos x2
1 + 4sin 2x

(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8

DT0019

a+p l+x u +f
20. If the determinant b + q m + y v + g splits into exactly K determinants of order 3, each
c+r n+z w+h

element of which contains only one term, then the value of K, is-
(A) 6 (B) 8 (C) 9 (D) 12
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DT0020
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® Determinant

a b a+b a c a+c D1
21. Let D1 = c d c + d and D2 = b d b +d then the value of where b ¹ 0 and
a b a-b a c a + b+c D2

ad ¹ bc, is
(A) – 2 (B) 0 (C) – 2b (D) 2b
DT0021

1 + a 2 x (1 + b2 )x (1 + c 2 )x
If a2 + b2 + c2 = –2 and ƒ(x) = (1 + a )x 1 + b x (1 + c )x then ƒ(x) is a polynomial of degree-
2 2 2
22.

N
(1 + a 2 )x (1 + b 2 )x 1 + c 2 x

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

E
DT0022
x 3x + 2 2x - 1

L
23. The number of real values of x satisfying 2x -1 4x 3x +1 = 0 is -
7x - 2 17x + 6 12x -1
(A) 3 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) infinite

L
DT0023
cos(q + f) - sin(q + f) cos 2f
24. The determinant sin q cos q sin f is -

A
- cos q sin q cos f
(A) 0 (B) independent of q
(C) independent of f (D) independent of q & f both
DT0024
25. If the system of equation, a2x – ay = 1 – a & bx + (3 – 2b)y = 3 + a possess a unique solution
x = 1, y = 1 than :
(A) a = 1; b = –1 (B) a = –1, b = 1 (C) a = 0, b = 0 (D) none
DT0025

(x ) ( xy + 1) ( xz + 1)
2 2 2
2
+1

( xy + 1) ( y + 1) ( yz + 1)
2 2 2
26. 2
= k(x – y)2(y – z)2(z – x)2, then k =

( xz + 1) ( yz + 1) ( z + 1)
2 2 2
2

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

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10 4 + 2 10 7 + 3 108 + 8
27. D = 10 9 + 9 10 2 + 8 10 3 - 4 where a,b, both Î {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}
10 3 - 5 108 + b 10 6 + a

Number of ordered pairs (a,b) such that D = 2n + 1, n Î Z is

(A) 36 (B) 20 (C) 16 (D) 45
28. If the system of equation
2x + y – z = 5

N
2x – 5y + lz = m
x + 2y – 5z = 7

E
has infinitely many solutions, then (l + m)2 + (l – m)2 is equal to
(A) 916 (B) 912 (C) 920 (D) 904
29. The number of q Î (0,4p) for which the system of linear equations

L
3(sin3q)x – y + z = 2
3(cos 2q)x + 4y + 3z = 3

L
6x + 7y + 7z = 9
has no solution is :
(A) 6 (B) 7 (C) 8 (D) 9

A
n2
r 1 +a
2
30. For a,b Î R and a natural number n, let A r = 2r 2 n 2 - b . Then 2A10 –A8 is
n ( 3n - 1)
3r - 2 3
2

(A) 4a + 2b (B) 2a + 4b (C) 2n (D) 0

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EXERCISE (O-2)
Multiple Correct Answer Type

a2 a 2 - (b - c) 2 bc
1. The determinant b 2 b 2 - (c - a) 2 ca is divisible by -
c2 c 2 - (a - b) 2 ab

(A) a + b + c (B) (a + b) (b + c) (c + a)
(C) a2 + b2 + c2 (D) (a – b)(b – c) (c – a)
DT0026

N
p p p
2. The value of q lying between - & and 0 £ A £ and satisfying the equation
4 2 2

E
1 + sin 2 A cos2 A 2sin 4q
sin 2 A 1 + cos2 A 2sin 4q = 0 are -

L
sin 2 A cos 2 A 1 + 2sin 4q

L
p p 3p
(A) A = , q=- (B) A = = q
4 8 8

p p p 3p
(C) A = , q=- (D) A = , q= DT0027

A
5 8 6 8
3. Which of the following determinant(s) vanish(es) ?

1 1
1 ab +
1 bc bc(b + c) a b
1 1
(A) 1 ca ca(c + a) (B) 1 bc +
b c
1 ab ab(a + b)
1 1
1 ca +
c a

0 a-b a -c log x xyz log x y log x z

(C) b-a 0 b-c (D) log xyz 1 log y z
y
c-a c-b 0 log z xyz log z y 1
DT0028

a b aa + b
4. The determinant b c ba + c is equal to zero, if -
aa + b ba + c 0

(A) a, b, c are in AP (B) a, b, c are in GP

of the equation ax2+bx+c=0 (D) (x– a ) is a factor of ax2 + 2bx + c
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5. System of linear equations in x,y,z

2x + y + z = 1
x – 2y + z = 2
3x – y + 2z = 3 have infinite solutions which
(A) can be written as (–3l –1,l, 5l + 3) " l Î R
(B) can be written as (3l –1, -l, –5l + 3) " l Î R
(C) are such that every solution satisfy x – 3y + 1 = 0
(D) are such that none of them satisfy 5x + 3z = 1
DT0030
2

N
6. System of equation x + y + az = b, 2x + 3y = 2a & 3x + 4y + a z = ab + 2 has
(A) unique solution when a ¹ 0, b Î R
(B) no solution when a = 0, b = 1

E
(C) infinite solution when a = 0, b = 2
(D) infinite solution when a = 1, b Î R

L
DT0031

a1 + b1 x a1 x + b1 c1
7. If a2 + b2 x a2 x + b2 c2 = 0 , then possible conditions is/are -

L
a 3 + b 3 x a 3 x + b3 c3

(A) x = 1 " ai, bi, where 1 £ i, j £ 3 (B) x = –1 " ai, bi, where 1 £ i, j £ 3
a1 b1 c1

A
(C) a2 b2 c2 = 0 (D) x = ± 2 " ai, bi, where 1 £ i, j £ 3 DT0095
a3 b3 c3

x2 (y + z)2 yz
8. y2 (x + z)2 zx is divisible by -
z2 (x + y)2 xy

(A) x2 + y2 + z2 (B) x – y (C) x – y – z (D) x + y + z

DT0096

a a b b
+ + 1
b c c a
b b c c
9. If + + 1 = 0 , where a, b, c Î R+, then which of the following is necessarily true -
a c a b
c c a a
+ + 1
a b b c

1 1 1
(A) + + =0 (B) a 2 + b2 + c2 = ab + bc + ac
a b c

1 1 1
(C) a = b = c (D) a + b + c = 1

DT0097
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10. The system of linear equations x + y + z = 6, x + 2y + 3z = 14 and 2x + 5y + pz = q have -
(A) infinitely many solution when p = 8, q = 36 (B) unique solution when p ¹ 8, q ¹ 36
(C) no solution when p = 8, q ¹ 36 (D) atleast one solution for q = 36, p Î R
DT0098

x + a x2 + log a k
11. If a, b, c are in A.P. and a, b, g are positive real numbers in G.P., then the equation x + b x2 + log b k = 0 :-
x+c x2 + log g k

(A) is an identity (B) has a root x = 1

N
(C) has a root x = 0 (D) has real & identical roots DT0099

x 1 1

E
12. If a, b, g satisfy the equation 1 x 1 = 0 , then
1 1 x

L
(A) a + b + g = 0 (B) a2 + b2 + g2 = 6 (C) a3 + b3 + g3 = –6 (D) a4 + b4 + g4 = 18
DT0100

L
13. If the system of equations x + y – 3 = 0, (1 + K ) x + (2 + K ) y – 8 = 0 & x – (1 + K) y + (2 + K) = 0 is
consistent then the value of K may be -
3 5
(A) 1 (B) (C) – (D) 2

A
5 3

DT0101
14. If system of equation a1x + b1y = c1 & a2x + b2y = c2 (where a1,b1,c1, a2,b2,c2 ¹ 0) has infinite solutions,
then-
a b c
(A) a = b = c
1 1 1

2 2 2

a +a b +b c +c
(B) a - a = b - b = c - c
1 2 1 2 1 2

1 2 1 2 1 2

(C) the quadratic equations a1x2 + b1x + c1 = 0 & a2x2 + b2x + c2 = 0 have no common root
(D) system of equation a12 a2x + b12b2y = c12c2 & a1a22x + b1b22 y = c1c22 will also have infinite number of
solutions
DT0102

1 l l4
15. If l < m < n, then 1 m m4 will always be greater than -
1 n n4

(A) 3 (B) 6 (C) –1 (D) 0

DT0103
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1 2k 2k - 1 n

16. Let D k = n n +n+2

2
n . If 2
åD
k =1
k = 96 , then n is divisible by
n n +n
2
n +n+2
2

(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 6

17. For the system of linear equation
2x – y + 3z = 5
3x + 2y – z = 7
4x + 5y + az = b

N
Which of the following is(are) CORRECT ?
(A) The system has infinitely many solutions for a = –5 and b = 9

E
(B) The system has a unique solution for a ¹ –5 and b = 8
(C) The system has infinitely many solutions for a = –6 and b = 9
(D) The system is inconsistent for a = –5 and b = 8

L
a 5 7
a b c
( )

L
18. Let 3 b 7 = 0 , a ¹ 3, b ¹ 5, c ¹ 7 and + + = l , then
a- 3 b- 5 c- 7
3 5 c

A
(A) l = 2 (B) l = 3

5 7 3 5
(C) for a = 2 3 , + =2 (D) for c = 2 7, + =2
b c a b
19. If the system of equation

x+ ( 2 sin a y + ) ( )
2 cos a z = 0

x + (cos a)y + (sina )z = 0

x + (sin a)y – (cosa )z = 0
has a non-trivial solution, then a =

5p 5p 29p 13p
(A) (B) (C) (D)
12 24 24 24
20. Let p and p + 2 be prime numbers and let

p! ( p + 1) ! ( p + 2 ) !
D = ( p + 1 )! ( p + 2 ) ! ( p + 3 )! .
( p + 2 )! ( p + 3 )! ( p + 4 )!
If the sum of the maximum values of a and b, such that pa and (p + 2)b divide D, is n then n divides
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 24 (D) 36
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EXERCISE (O-3)
Linked Comprehension Type
Paragraph for Question 1 to 3

x x3 x4 - 1
Let x, y, z Î R & D = y y3 y 4 - 1
+

z z3 z4 - 1

On the basis of above information, answer the following questions :

1. If x ¹ y ¹ z & x, y, z are in GP and D = 0, then y is equal to -

N
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) none of these
DT0104

E
2. If x, y, z are the roots of t3 – 21t2 + bt – 343 = 0, b Î R, then D is equal to-
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) dependent on x, y, z (D) data inadequate

L
DT0105
3. If x ¹ y ¹ z & x, y, z are in A.P. and D = 0, then 2xy2z + x2z2 is equal to-

L
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) none of these
DT0106
Paragraph for Question 4 to 6

A
1 1 1
Let 1 2 3 = t , where t is an even prime number & a, b, g are the integral roots of the equation
a b g

x3 – 14x2 + Px – 36 = 0
On the basis of above information answer the following :
4. The value of P is-
(A) a rational number (B) a prime number
(C) an odd natural number (D) an even natural number
DT0107

5. The value of a(b2 + g2 ) + b( g2 + a2 ) + g (a2 + b2 ) is divisible by -

(A) 17 (B) 34 (C) 51 (D) 68
DT0108
6. Which of following statement is/are false -
(A) t is divisible by (a - b) (B) t is divisible by (b - g)
(C) t is divisible by (g - a) (D) (g – a) is divisible by t
DT0109
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Paragraph for Question 7 & 8

1 x -1 x 1 10 2r
Let ƒ(x) = 2(x - 1) (x - 1)(x - 2) x(x - 1) & D r = 70 17 3r + 1 .
3(x - 1)(x - 2) (x - 1)(x - 2)(x - 3) x(x - 1)(x - 2) 1 1 1

On the basis of above information, answer the following questions :

7. The value of ƒ(50) – D5 is -
DT0110

N
10

8. åD
r =1
r is

DT0111

E
Matrix Match Type
9. Consider a system of linear equations aix + biy + ciz = di(where ai,bi,ci ¹ 0 and i = 1,2,3 ) & (a,b,g)

L
is its unique solution, then match list-I with list-II
List-I List-II
2
(I) If ai = k, di = k , (k ¹ 0) and a + b + g = 2, then k is (P) 1

L
(II) If ai = di = k ¹ 0, then a + b + g is (Q) 2
(III) If ai = k > 0, di = k + 1, then a + b + g can be (R) 0
(IV) If ai = k < 0, di = k + 1, then a + b + g can be (S) 3

A
(T) –1 DT0032
(A) I ® P,Q; II ® R; III ® Q,S; IV ® T
(B) I ® P; II ® Q; III ® R,S; IV ® T
(C) I ® Q; II ® P,R; III ® S; IV ® T
(D) I ® Q; II ® P; III ® Q,S; IV ® R,T
10. Match the following for the system of linear equations
lx + y + z = 1, x + ly + z = l, x + y + lz = l2
Column-I Column-II
(A) l=1 (P) unique solution
(B) l¹1 (Q) infinite solutions
(C) l ¹ 1, l ¹ –2 (R) no solution
(D) l = –2 (S) finite many solutions
DT0112
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EXERCISE (O-4)
Numerical Grid Type
1. Let a, b, c are the solutions of the cubic x3 – 5x2 + 3x – 1 = 0, then find the value of the determinant

a b c
a -b b-c c-a .
b+c c+a a +b

DT0040

N
0 2x - 2 2x + 8
3 3
2. If D(x) = x - 1 4 x 2 + 7 and f(x) = å å a ijc ij , where aij is the element of ith and jth column

E
0 0 x+4 j=1 i =1

in D(x) and cij is the cofactor aij " i and j, then find the greatest value of f(x), where x Î [–3, 18]

L
DT0041
3. If the equations a(y + z) = x, b(z + x) = y, c(x + y) = z (where a,b,c ¹ –1)have nontrivial solutions,

L
1 1 1
then find the value of + + .
1+ a 1+ b 1+ c

A
DT0053
4. Find the sum of all positive integral values of a for which every solution to the system of equation
x + ay = 3 and ax + 4y = 6 satisfy the inequalities x > 1, y > 0.
DT0062
5. For a determinant D of order 3, the element aij is defined as aij = tan–1(tan(i – j)) " i, j, then the
value of D is equal to (where 'i' represents row and 'j' represents column) DT0113
6. The number of triplets (a, b, g) satisfing the following constraints
2a – b + 3g = 4
a + b – 3g = –1
5a – b + 3g = 7
abg < 0
& a, b, g Î I
DT0114
7. Let a, b, c, l, m, n Î R such that al + bm + cn = 0, bl + cm + an = 0, cl + am + bn = 0. If a, b & c are
distinct & ƒ (x) = ax 3 + bx2+ cx + 5, then the value of ƒ (1) is
DT0115
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x
sin2 2x cos 2x 4 sin2
2
x
8. If tan2
2
cos 2 x - sin2 x = a0 + a1(cosx) + a2(cos2x) + ........ + an(cosnx), then a0 is -
x
-2cos 4x tan2 sin 4x
2

DT0116

z 9y x

N
9. If x, y, z are distinct digits (0 £ x, y, z £ 9) & the minimum possible value of z y 9x is l
9z y x

E
l
then is
83700

L
(where 9x, 9y & 9z are two digits number)
DT0117

L
a b-c c+b b-c b b+a
c2
10. a+c b c-a = a -a - c b - a and a > 0, b > 0, c > 0, then the minimum value of is
ab
a-b b+a c c+b c-a c

A
DT0118

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EXERCISE (JM)
3 1 + ƒ(1) 1 + ƒ(2)
1. If a, b ¹ 0, and ƒ(n) = an + bn and 1 + ƒ(1) 1 + ƒ(2) 1 + ƒ(3) = K(1 – a)2 (1 – b)2 (a – b)2, then
1 + ƒ(2) 1 + ƒ(3) 1 + ƒ(4)

K is equal to : [JEE(Main)-2014]
1
(1) ab (2) ab (3) 1 (4) –1

DT0070

N
2. The set of all values of l for which the system of linear equations :
2x1 – 2x2 + x3 = lx1, 2x1 – 3x2 + 2x3 = lx2, –x1 + 2x2 = lx3 has a non-trivial solution
[JEE(Main)-2015]

E
(1) contains two elements (2) contains more than two elements
(3) is an empty set (4) is a singleton
DT0071

L
3. The system of linear equations x + ly – z = 0, lx – y – z = 0, x + y – lz = 0 has a non-trivial solution
for : [JEE(Main)-2016]

L
(1) exactly three values of l. (2) infinitely many values of l.
(3) exactly one value of l. (4) exactly two values of l.
DT0072
4. If S is the set of distinct values of 'b' for which the following system of linear equations

A
x+y+z=1
x + ay + z = 1
ax + by + z = 0
has no solution, then S is : [JEE(Main)-2017]
(1) a singleton (2) an empty set
(3) an infinite set (4) a finite set containing two or more elements
DT0073

x - 4 2x 2x
5. If 2x x - 4 2x = (A + Bx) (x – A)2, then the ordered pair (A, B) is equal to :
2x 2x x - 4

[JEE(Main)-2018]
(1) (–4, 3) (2) (–4, 5) (3) (4, 5) (4) (–4, –5)
DT0074
6. If the system of linear equations x + ky + 3z = 0
3x + ky – 2z = 0
2x + 4y – 3z = 0
xz
has a non-zero solution (x, y, z), then is equal to : [JEE(Main)-2018]
y2
(1) 10 (2) – 30 (3) 30 (4) –10
DT0075
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7. If the system of linear equations x – 4y + 7z = g

3y – 5z = h
–2x + 5y – 9z = k
is consistent, then : [JEE(Main) 2019]
(1) g + h + k = 0 (2) 2g + h + k = 0
(3) g + h + 2k = 0 (4) g + 2h + k = 0
DT0076

é -2 4+d (sin q) - 2 ù
Let dÎR, and A = êê1 ú , qÎ[0,2p]. If the minimum value of det(A)

N
8. (sin q) + 2 d ú
êë5 (2sin q) - d (- sin q) + 2 + 2d úû

E
is 8, then a value of d is : [JEE(Main) 2019]
(1) –7 (2) 2 ( 2 +2 ) (3) –5 (4) 2 ( )
2 +1
DT0077

L
9. Let a1,a2,a3, ...., a10 be in G.P. with ai > 0 for i = 1,2,...., 10 and S be the set of pairs (r,k), r, k Î N (the

L
loge a1r a 2k log e a 2r a 3k log e a 3r a 4k
r k
set of natural numbers) for which log e a 4 a 5 loge a r5a 6k loge a r6 a 7k = 0 . Then the number of elements
loge a 7r a 8k loge a 8r a 9k log e a 9r a10
k

A
in S, is : [JEE(Main) 2019]
(1) Infinitely many (2) 4 (3) 10 (4) 2
DT0078
10. If the system of linear equations
2x + 2ay + az = 0
2x + 3by + bz = 0
2x + 4cy + cz = 0, [JEE(Main) 2020]
where a, b, c Î R are non-zero and distinct; has a non-zero solution, then :
(1) a, b, c are in A.P. (2) a + b + c = 0

1 1 1
(3) a, b, c are in G.P. (4) , , are in A.P.
a b c

DT0080
11. For which of the following ordered pairs (m,d), the system of linear equations
x + 2y + 3z = 1
3x + 4y + 5z = m
4x + 4y + 4z = d
is inconsistent ? [JEE(Main) 2020]
(1) (1,0) (2) (4,6) (3) (3,4) (4) (4,3)
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x+a x+2 x +1
12. Let a – 2b + c = 1. If ƒ ( x ) = x + b x + 3 x + 2 , then : [JEE(Main) 2020]
x +c x + 4 x +3

(1) ƒ(–50) = 501 (2) ƒ(–50) = –1 (3) ƒ(50) = 1 (4) ƒ(50) = –501
DT0083
13. Let a,b,g be the real roots of the equation, x3 + ax2 + bx + c = 0, (a,b,c Î R and a,b ¹ 0). If the system
of equations (in, u,v,w) given by au + bv + gw = 0, bu + gv + aw = 0; gu + av + bw = 0 has

N
a2
non-trivial solution, then the value of is [JEE(Main) 2021]
b

E
(1) 5 (2) 3 (3) 1 (4) 0
DT0119

L
14. Let the system of linear equations
4x + ly + 2z = 0

L
2x – y + z = 0
mx + 2y + 3z = 0, l, µ Î R.
has a non-trivial solution. Then which of the following is true ? [JEE(Main) 2021]

A
(1) µ = 6, l Î R (2) l = 2, µ Î R (3) = 3, µ Î R (4) µ = –6, l Î R
DT0120
15. The number of real values l, such that the system of linear equations
2x – 3y + 5z = 9
x + 3y – z = -18
3x – y + (l2 – |l|)z = 16
has no solution, is :- [JEE(Main) 2022]
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 4
DT0121
16. If the system of equations
x+y+z=6
2x + 5y + az = b
x + 2y + 3z = 14
has infinitely many solutions, then a + b is equal to : [JEE(Main) 2022]
(A) 8 (B) 36 (C) 44 (D) 48
DT0122
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17. Let S1 and S2 be respectively the sets of all for which the system of linear equations
ax + 2ay – 3az = 1
(2a + 1)x + (2a + 3)y + (a + 1)z = 2
(3a + 5)x + (a + 5)y + (a + 2)z = 3
has unique solution and infinitely many solutions. Then [JEE(Main) 2023]
(1) n(S1) = 2 and S2 is an infinite set (2) S1 is an infinite set an n(S2) = 2
(3) S1 = F and S2 = ¡ – {0} (4) S1 = ¡ – {0} and S2 = F

1 + sin 2 x cos 2 x sin 2x

N
ép pù
18. Let f ( x ) = sin x
2
1 + cos x
2
sin 2x , x Î ê , ú . If a and b respectively are the maximum
ë6 3û
sin 2 x cos 2 x 1 + sin 2x

E
and the minimum values of f, then [JEE(Main) 2023]

L
19 19
(1) b - 2 a = (2) b + 2 a =
2 2

4 4

L
9
(4) a + b =
2 2
(3) a 2 - b2 = 4 3
2

A
3 3
1 a+
2 2
1 1
19. The values of a, for which 1 a + = 0 , lie in the interval [JEE(Main) 2024]
3 3
2a + 3 3a + 1 0

æ 3 3ö
(1) (–2,1) (2) (–3,0) (3) ç - , ÷ (4) (0,3)
è 2 2ø
20. Consider the system of linear equation x + y + z = 4m, x + 2y + 2lz = 10m, x + 3y + 4l2z = m2 + 15
where l, m Î R. Which one of the following statements is NOT correct ? [JEE(Main) 2024]

1
(1) The system has unique solution if l ¹ and m ¹ 1,15
2

1
(2) The system is inconsistent if l = and m ¹ 1
2

1
(3) The system has infinite number of solution if l = and m = 15
2

1
(4) The system is consistent if l ¹
2
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EXERCISE (JA)
1. The number of all possible values of q, where 0 < q < p, for which the system of equations
(y + z)cos3q = (xyz)sin3q

2cos3q 2sin 3q
x sin 3q = +
y z

(xyz)sin3q = (y + 2z)cos3q + ysin3q

have a solution (x0, y0, z0) with y0z0 ¹ 0, is [JEE 2010, 3]

N
DT0084

E
(1 + a ) (1 + 2a ) (1 + 3a )
2 2 2

( 2 + a ) ( 2 + 2a ) ( 2 + 3a )
2 2 2
2. Which of the following values of a satisfy the equation = -648a ?

L
( 3 + a ) ( 3 + 2 a ) ( 3 + 3a )
2 2 2

L
[JEE(Advanced)-2015, 4M, –2M]
(A) –4 (B) 9 (C) –9 (D) 4
DT0085

A
x x2 1 + x3
3. The total number of distinct x Î R for which 2x 4x 2 1 + 8x 3 = 10 is
3x 9x 2 1 + 27x 3

[JEE(Advanced)-2016, 3(0)]
DT0086
4. Let a,l,m Î ¡. Consider the system of linear equations
ax + 2y = l
3x – 2y = m
Which of the following statement(s) is(are) correct ?

(A) If a = –3, then the system has infinitely many solutions for all values of l and m
(B) If a ¹ –3, then the system has a unique solution for all values of l and m

(C) If l + m = 0, then the system has infinitely many solutions for a = –3

(D) If l + m ¹ 0, then the system has no solution for a = –3 [JEE(Advanced)-2016, 4(–2)]
DT0087
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5. Let p,q,r be nonzero real numbers that are, respectively, the 10th, 100th and 1000th terms of a harmonic
progression. Consider the system of linear equations

x+y+z=1

10x + 100y + 1000z = 0

qr x + pr y + pq z = 0.

[JEE(Advanced)-2022]

N
List-I List-II

q 10 1

E
(I) If = 10, then the system of linear (P) x = 0, y = , z = - as a solution
r 9 9

equations has

L
p 10 1
(II) If ¹ 100, then the system of linear (Q) x = , y = - , z = 0 as a solution

L
r 9 9

equations has

A
p
(III) If ¹ 10, then the system of linear (R) infinitely many solutions
q

equations has

p
(IV) If = 10, then the system of linear (S) no solution
q

equations has (T) at least one solution

The correct option is:

(A) (I) ® (T); (II) ® (R); (III) ® (S); (IV) ® (T)

(B) (I) ® (Q); (II) ® (S); (III) ® (S); (IV) ® (R)

(C) (I) ® (Q); (II) ® (R); (III) ® (P); (IV) ® (R)

(D) (I) ® (T); (II) ® (S); (III) ® (P); (IV) ® (T)

DT0123
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6. Let a, b and g be real numbers. consider the following system of linear equations
x + 2y + z = 7
x + az = 11
2x – 3y + bz = g
Match each entry in List-I to the correct entries in List-II
[JEE(Advanced)-2023]
List-I List-Ii

N
1
(P) If b = (7a – 3) and g = 28, then the system has (1) a unique solution
2

E
1
(Q) If b = (7a – 3) and g ¹ 28, then the system has (2) no solution
2

L
1
(R) If b ¹ (7a – 3) where a = 1 and g ¹ 28 (3) infinitely many solutionsa
2

L
then the system has

1
If b ¹ (7a – 3) where a = 1 and g = 28,

A
(S) (4) x = 11, y = –2 and z = 0
2

then the system has as a solution

(5) x = –15, y = 4 and z = 0

as a solution
The correct option is :
(A) (P) ® (3) (Q) ® (2) (R) ® (1) (S) ® (4)
(B) (P) ® (3) (Q) ® (2) (R) ® (5) (S) ® (4)
(C) (P) ® (2) (Q) ® (1) (R) ® (4) (S) ® (5)
(D) (P) ® (2) (Q) ® (1) (R) ® (1) (S) ® (3)
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ANSWER KEY
Gyanoday -1
1. minors : 4, –1, –4, 4 ; cofactors : –4, –1, 4, 4 2. –98 3. B 4. 0
5. C 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. D 10. A

Gyanoday -2
2. C 3. 0 4. A 5. D
Gyanoday -3

N
1. 2 2. 0 3. C 4. B 5. 0.00
Gyanoday -4

E
2. x = –1, 2 3. A 4. C 5. B
Gyanoday -5

L
1 1 1
1. 1 a b 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. A

L
1 b a

Gyanoday -6

A
1. C 2. 0 4. A 5. B
Gyanoday -7
1. infinite solutions 2. A 3. A 4. D 5. D 6. B
7. C 8. B 9. A,B 10. D

EXERCISE # O-1

Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans. D A C A B D B C A C
Que. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. D D D B D C B D C B
Que. 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Ans. A C D B A B D A B A

EXERCISE # O-2
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Ans. A,C,D A,B,C,D A,B,C,D B,D A,B,D B,C,D A,B,C A,B,D B,C A,B,C,D
Que. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. A,B,C A,B,C,D A,C A,B,D C,D A,B,D A,B,D A,C,D B,C,D B,C,D
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EXERCISE # O-3
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Ans. A B C A,C A,B A,B,C 9.00 575.00 D
A B C D
Que. 10
Q P,R P R

EXERCISE # O-4
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

N
Ans. 80 0 2 4 0 1 5 0 9 4

EXERCISE # JEE-MAIN

E
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

L
Ans. 3 1 1 1 2 1 2 3 1 4
Que. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. 4 3 2 1 C C 4 1 2 2

L
EXERCISE # JEE-ADVANCED

A
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6
Ans. 3 B,C 2 B,C,D B A
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Important Notes

EN
LL
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