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Maslow Psychology

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4 views3 pages

Maslow Psychology

So phy

Uploaded by

Zia Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory

Abraham Maslow is well renowned for proposing the Hierarchy of Needs Theory. Maslow's
hierarchy of needs is a theory in psychology proposed by Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper "A
Theory of Human Motivation" in Psychological Review.

This theory is based on the assumption that there is a hierarchy of five needs within each
individual. From the bottom of the hierarchy upwards, the needs are: physiological, safety, love
and belonging, esteem and self-actualization.

Maslow’s Theory of Motivation

Needs at the bottom are basic physical requirements including the need for food, air, water, and
sleep. Once these lower-level needs have been met, people can move on to the next level of
needs, which are for safety and security. Once these needs have been reasonably satisfied, he or
she may be able to reach the next level, and eventually after all the lower needs are met, they can
reach the highest level called self-actualization.

Maslow’s believed a person cannot become self-actualized if he or she is starving for food or if
they are still seeking love and affection from others.
The Five Levels in Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Physiological needs

These are the basic needs of air, water, food, clothing and shelter. In other words, physiological
needs are the needs for basic necessities of life. Maslow believed that these needs are the most
important needs because all needs become secondary until these needs are met.

Safety needs

We all need to feel safe. Whether that be physically, financially or job security and health.

Safety needs include physical, environmental and emotional safety and protection. For instance-
Job security, financial security, protection from animals, family security, health security, etc.

If a person does not feel safe in an environment, they will seek to find safety before they attempt
to meet any higher level needs. These security needs are important for survival, but they are not
as important as the basic physiological needs.

Social needs

These are the needs for belonging, love, affection as well as for relationships with family and
friends and companionship. These needs are met through pleasing and fulfilling relationships
with others. A pleasing and fulfilling relationship would imply acceptance by others. Having
satisfied their basic physiological and security needs, people can seek relationships from which
their need for love and belonging can be met.

Examples of social needs: Belongingness, love, affection, family, friends, relationships, etc.

Esteem needs

Esteem needs are of two types: internal esteem needs (self- respect, confidence and freedom) and
external esteem needs (respect, recognition, power, status and attention)

After all three lower level needs are fulfilled, people need to engage themselves in activities that
give them a sense of contribution, to feel self-valued, be it in profession. These needs include
self-esteem, respect, achievement, confidence, recognition, and accomplishment.

Examples esteem needs:, self-confidence, achievement, recognition, status, respect, etc.

Self-actualization need

At the very peak of Maslow’s hierarchy are the self-actualization needs. "What a man can be, he
must be," Maslow explained, referring to the need people have to achieve their full potential as
human beings.
According to Maslow, individuals are motivated by unsatisfied needs. As each of these needs is
significantly satisfied, it drives and forces the next need to emerge. Maslow grouped the five
needs into two categories - Higher-order needs and Lower-order needs. The physiological and
the safety needs constituted the lower-order needs. The social, esteem, and self-actualization
needs constituted the higher-order needs. These higher-order needs are generally satisfied
internally, i.e., within an individual

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