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MAHARASHTRA UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SC I E N C E S , N A S H IK
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BACHELOR OF PARA MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY (BPMT)

Course Name: - Laboratory Sciences

By the end of the course, the student should be able to :

1. Describe basic anatomy related to different laboratory test relevant to procedure

and findings/results.

2. Practice appropriate bio-safety measures in the laboratory.

3. Perform correct procedure for collection of various specimens.

4. Demonstrate ability to properly label specimens andprocedures related to of

receiving specimens.

5. Store, transport, preserve and process the specimen properly.

6. Handle laboratory instruments.

7. Follow all steps of maintenance &standardisation.

8. Describe the standard operative procedure of instruments.

9. Perform different laboratory tests using proper precaution.

10. Interpret different laboratory reports with accuracy.

11. Enlist different technical errors, along with corrective steps.

12. Maintain internal & external quality control .

13. Discard biomedical waste as per set protocols.

14. Effectively communicate with the patient.

15. Medical Ethics relevant to the situation.

16. Applying Principles of Medical Ethics.

 egkjk"V!vkjksX; foKkufo|kihB] ukf'Ad
MAHARASHTRA UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SC I E N C E S , N A S H IK
MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUH S MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS

BACHELOR OF PARA MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY (BPMT)

Course Name: - Laboratory Sciences
1st Year: Assessment System & Syllabus

Sr. Subject Theory Practical Total

Paper Subject
No Code IA Final Total IA Final Total Marks
1 Paper – I Basic Sciences 30 60 90 30 80 110 200
Paper – Biochemistry
2 30 60 90 30 80 110 200
II
Paper - Microbiology
3 30 60 90 30 80 110 200
III
4 Paper- IV Pathology 30 60 90 30 80 110 200

* Students will join the parent department (Department of Pathology) immediately

after their admission. They will be posted in Biochemistry and Microbiology for 4
months each, by the parent department for the completion of respective syllabus in
these subjects.

Paper –I
Basic Sciences
Sr. Topics Theory Practical/
No. Demo
1 Bones (Only nomenclature) 1 1
2 Joints (Only nomenclature) 1 1
3 Anatomy & Functions of respiratory System (Only Organ 2 2
nomenclature and brief functions)
4 Anatomy & Functions of cardiovascular system (Only Organ 2 2
nomenclature, important arteries and veins / sites for
venepuncture and brief functions)
5 Anatomy & Functions of Abdominal Organs , GI system (Only 2 2
nomenclature and brief functions)
6 Anatomy & Functions of Pelvic Organs (Only nomenclature and 2 2
brief functions)
7 Anatomy & Functions of Nervous System (Only nomenclature 2 2
and brief functions)
8 Anatomy & Functions of Endocrine glands (only nomenclature, 2 2
site and brief functions )
9 Organization of Human body, cell 2 2
10 Composition and functions of blood 2 2
11 Introduction to medical lab technology Precautions and Safety 1 1
12 Role and responsibilities of Medical lab technologist 1 -
13 Biological specimens and their types with methods of collection 2 2
14 Preservation and disposal of biological specimens 2 1
15 Standard solutions 1 1
16 Some standard definitions in units of measurements 1 -
17 Modes of transmission of diseases 1 -
18 Control and prevention of infections 1 -
 Practical – Basic Sciences
Sr. Practical Lecture -
No. Demonstrati
on
1 General measures in laboratory (Cleaning, safety, maintenance etc.) 1
2 Preparation of solutions 1
3 Balance –operations and maintenance 1
4 Demonstration of semi-automated , automated blood analyzers, blood 1
gas analyzers etc
5 Demonstration of other lab equipment 1
6 Demonstration of disposal of laboratory waste products 1
7 Blood grouping 1
8 BT & CT 1
9 Cross matching 1
10 Pregnancy tests 1
As all the contents are of basic nature, the lecture are to be conducted by the parent
department.
For practical, help from other departments such as anatomy and physiology, may be
taken.

Paper –II
Biochemistry
Sr. Topics Hours
No.
1 Introduction and scope of biochemistry
Must know: Importance of biochemistry in laboratory medicine and prospects of 2
course for job and commercial use.
2 Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acid. (only introduction, definition and
classification) 2
DNA and RNA: Structure and properties.
3 Elementary knowledge of enzymes. (only introduction and their role) and Iso
1
enzyme
4 Introduction to Carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism: (Only start and end
products) Glycolysis, TCA cycle, urea cycle, Boadation of FA Regulation of blood 4
Glucose Concentration, Glycosuria.
5 Importance of some minerals- sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorous, iron,
2
copper, chloride, fluoride.
6 Introduction to medical lab technology: General introduction Role of medical lab
1
technologists, and responsibility, safety measures and first aid.
7 Cleaning and care of general laboratory glassware and equipment. Elementary
knowledge of analytical biochemistry. Principles, functions and uses of balances, 2
centrifuge machines, colorimeters.
8 Collection and recording of biological specimens, separation of serum plasma
2
preservation and disposal of biological samples/materials
9 Standard solution: Various std. solutions used, their preparation; storage of
2
chemicals
10 Units of measurements: S.I units: Definitions, conversions, Measurement of
volume: Strength, Normality, Molarity, Molarity Definitions: Mole, molar and
normal solutions(preparation, Standardization), pH(Definition, Example) ; Buffer
solutions(Definition, preparation of important solutions) pH indicators(pH papers, 2
universal & other indicators); pH measurement : different methods(pH paper, pH
meter, structure, working and maintenance)
Harmones – definition , classification
11 Quality Control: Its importance. Accuracy, Reliability, Precision Internal and
external quality control measure, standardization of methods, safety measures 1
and precautions.
12 Automation in clinical biochemistry: Principle, types and use of Autoanalysers,
2
Blood gas analyzers, Role of computers in the laboratory
13 Universal precautions 1
14 Handling of semi auto and automatic batch and random access analyzers 1

Paper –II
Biochemistry Practical
Sr. Practical and demonstration Topic Hours
No.
1 Introduction to biochemistry lab, various types of specimens 1
received.
2 The reception and recording of specimen, cataloguing and indexing 1
maintenance of laboratory records.
3 Maintenance of laboratory, quality control, and first aid 1
4 Cleaning glassware 1
5 Introduction and identificationdemonstration and handling of 1
laboratory instruments.
7 Centrifuge machine insulator flame photometer in handling of 2
Laboratory instruments (For example Single pan balance, pH-
meter, Colorimeters, Distillation of water, Semi automated/ fully
automated blood analyzers. Blood gas analyzer, Elisa reader,
spectrometers etc)
8 Preparation of various solutions , standard and Buffers. 1
9 Demonstration of disposal of laboratory waste product and infected 1
material.
10 Urine Examination – Normal & Abnormal constituents of Urine 2
All these lectures and practical are to be conducted by the department of Biochemistry in
CCL, during the rotational posting of the students (4 months in Biochemistry)

Paper –III
Microbiology
Sr Demonstrati
Lecture
.N Topic on &
s
o Practical
1 Introduction & Orientation of various sections of 1 1
Microbiology Laboratory - Bacteriology, Serology, Virology ,
Mycology, Immunology, Parasitology
2 Roles and responsibilities of medical Laboratory 1 -
Technologist
3 Laboratory management and planning . Introductions to 2 2
Biological specimens and their types .Reception and
recording of specimens , cataloguing and indexing
,maintenance of laboratory records,
4 Bio-safety and PPE while working in Laboratory 1 2
5 Specimen collection, handling and transport 1 2
Sample rejection criteria
6 Biomedical Waste Disposal and PPE 1 2
7 Hands on training and Maintenance of following Equipments 1 2
A. Incubator B. Refrigerator C. Water Bath D. Centrifuge
8 Care and use of microscope 1 2
A. Compound Microscope B. Dark ground C. Phase
contrast
D. Fluorescent Microscope
9 Sterilization Methods –Principles, Care and Uses 1 2
A. AutoclaveB.InspissatorC.Hot Air Oven D. Filtration
E. Sterilization by ultraviolet light
10 Common staining Techniques used in Microbiology 1 2
Laboratory
A) Simple staining
B) Differential staining: Gram staining & Z-N staining
C) Negative staining: India Ink
D) Special Staining : Albert, Neisser, Modified Z-N
11 Culture Media 1 2
Introduction, Types and Uses , Composition and
Preparation, Sterilization of Media, Washing of Media and
Glassware
12 Technique oriented processing of specimens such as pus, 2 4
urine, stool, sputum, throat swab and Body fluids in
Bacteriology Laboratory
Inoculation of specimens on culture Media, Plating
Techniques, Preparation and Inoculation of Sugar sets and
Other Biochemical test, Antibiotic sensitivity testing
13 Pathogenic Gram Positive Cocci,Pathogenic Gram Negative 1 2
Cocci (Morphology, Cultural characteristics and infection
caused by these organisms
14 Pathogenic Gram Positive bacilli 1 2
(Morphology, Cultural characteristics and infection caused
by these organisms )
15 Pathogenic Gram Negative bacilli (Morphology, Cultural 1 2
characteristics and infection caused by these organisms )
TOTAL 17 29

Paper –IV
Pathology
Sr.
Topics Lectures Practical
No.
1 Introduction and scope of Pathology 1 -
2 Introduction to Pathology lab, various types of specimens 1 1
received
3 Laboratory Management and Planning. The reception and 1 1
recording of specimen, cataloguing and indexing
maintenance of laboratory records .
4 Working and maintenance of instruments 2 2
5 General principles of Haematology techniques collection, 3 3
fixation, processing & routine staining, Haemoglobin, TLC,
DLC, Peripheral smear, automatic cell counter
6 General principles of Clinical Pathology techniques sample 3 3
collection, processing for routine test, normal urine &
urine examination
7 General principles of Cytopathology techniques collection, 2 2
fixation, processing & routine staining
8 General principles of Histopathology techniques collection, 3 3
fixation, processing & routine staining
9 General principles of Blood Bank techniques antigen, 2 2
antibody, ABO & Rh system
10 General principles of Autopsy & Museum 2 1
11 General Pathology including introduction to inflammation, 2 1
 circulatory disturbances &neoplasia
12 Morphology of common disorders like anemia, leukemia, 2 1
AIDS, TB, Hepatitis & malaria.
13 Maintenance and medico legal importance of records and 1 1
specimens.
 egkjk"V!vkjksX; foKkufo|kihB] ukf'Ad
MAHARASHTRA UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SC I E N C E S , N A S H IK
MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS

BACHELOR OF PARA MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY (BPMT)

Course Name: - Laboratory Sciences

2nd Year Assessment System & Syllabus

Sr. Subject Theory Practical Total

Paper Subject
No Code IA Final Total IA Final Total Marks
1 Paper – I Biochemistry 30 60 90 30 80 110 200
Paper –
2 Microbiology 30 60 90 30 80 110 200
II
Paper -
3 Pathology 30 60 90 30 80 110 200
III

Paper –I
Subject: - Biochemistry
Sr. Hours/Lecture
Topics
No. /Lect- demo
1 Dry chemistry analyzer, blood gas analyzer 2
Acid base balance : Definition and importance of blood pH and its 1
2
maintenance, Acidosis and alkalosis
3 Serum electrophoresis, Chromatography 1
Blood analysis for: -
1 (a) Sugar 2
(b) Cholesterol (Fluid Profile) 2
(c) Urea &Creatinine 2
(d) Bilirubin 2
(e) Total proteins and AG ratio 2
(f) Sodium & (g) Potassium 2
(h) Calcium & (i) Chlorides 2
Normal Composition of CSF 2
2
Examination of cerebro- spinal fluid forProteins,Sugar&Chlorides
3 Findings in CSF in Common diseases 1

Paper – II
Subject: - Microbiology
Sr.
Topics Lectures Practical
No.
General principles of the methods employed in identifying an 1 2
1
unknown isolate
Identification of Pathogenic Gram Positive cocci by conventional 1 2
2
techniques
Identification of Pathogenic Gram Negative cocci by 1 2
3
conventional techniques
Identification of Pathogenic Gram Positive Bacilli by conventional 1 2
4
techniques
Identification of Pathogenic Gram negative Bacilli by 1 2
5
conventional techniques
 Antibiotic sensitivity testing technique by Disc Diffusion 1 2
6
Technique
7 Dermatophytes and Fungal contaminates 1 -
8 Common Yeast 1 -
Media Preparation :SDA, Corn Meal Agar, Potato Dextrose 1 2
9
Agar, Assimilation Suga
Processing of Samples received to laboratory : Hair, Skin 1 2
10
Scraping, Nail, Blood, Body fluids
Identification of Fungi causing superficial fungal infections by 1 2
11
conventional methods
Identification of Candida species and Croptococcus by 1 2
12
conventional methods
13 Role of Serology in Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases 1 -
14 Immunology-Antigen, Antibody, Antigen-Antibody Reaction 1 -
15 Serum separation techniques 1 2
Common serological tests – RA,ASO,CRP,VDRL ,RPR,Latex 1 2
16
agglutination , and other rapid tests
17 Widal 1 2
18 Conventional ELISA- Principle ,and technical aspects 1 2
19 Study of SOP related to Bacteriology ,Serology and Mycology 1 2
TOTAL 19 30

Paper III
Subject – Pathology
Sr. Session
Topics L L/D P
No.
HAEMATOLOGY INCLUDING BLOOD TRANSFUSION
1 Introduction to clinical hematology 1 -
2 Composition of peripheral blood 1 1 1
3 Erythropoiesis 1 1
4 Leucopoiesis and thrombopoiesis 1 1
5 Composition of Bone marrow 1 1 1
6 Normal hematological values and physiological Variations 1 -
7 Collection of blood for hematological investigations 1
8 Preparation of stains and buffers in hematology 1 1 1
9 Preparation of common anticoagulant bottles 1
10 Preparation of peripheral blood and bone marrow Smears 1 1
11 Examination of peripheral blood smear 1 1 1
12 Romanowsky stains 1
13 Special stains in hematology 1 1
14 Total RBC counts 1 1 1
15 Total and differential WBC Count 1 1 1
16 Estimation of Hemoglobin 1 1 1
17 Platelet count 1 1 1
18 Normal Haemostasis 1 -
19 Total 15 3 8
CLINICALPATHOLOGY
Normal composition ofbody 1 1 1
1
fluids(semen,sputum, exudates,transudates)
2 Examination ofsemen 1 1 1
3 Examination ofserous effusions 1 1 1
4 Examination ofCSF 1 1 1
5 Urine Examination Pregnancy tests 1 1 2
 egkjk"V!vkjksX; foKkufo|kihB] ukf'Ad
MAHARASHTRA UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SC I E N C E S , N A S H IK
MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS

BACHELOR OF PARA MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY (BPMT)

Course Name: - Laboratory Sciences

3rd Year Assessment System & Syllabus

Sr. Subject Theory Practical Total
Paper Subject
No Code IA Final Total IA Final Total Marks
1 Paper – I Biochemistry 30 60 90 30 80 110 200
Paper –
2 Microbiology 30 60 90 30 80 110 200
II
Paper -
3 Pathology 30 60 90 30 80 110 200
III

Paper III
Subject –Biochemistry
Sr. Session
Topics L L/D P
No.
1 Blood Sugar Glucose tolerance test, GlycalilatedHb 1 - 1
2 Liver function tests 1 - 3
3 Kidney function tests 1 - -
Estimation of enzymes - acid phosphatase, 1 -
4 Amylase,Lihare
CPK LDH CPK, LDH
5 Blood Glucose, Glycosylated Hemoglobin 1 - 1
6 Hormones and their physiological role 1 1 -
7 Estimation of common hormones (T3, T4, TSH, LH, FSH) 1 - -
Tests in coronary artery disease (CkHb, LDH, Liquid 1 - -
8
Profile)

Paper III
Subject –Microbiology
Sr. Demonstration
Topics Lectures
No. /Practical
Identification of Pathogenic Gram Positive cocci and Negative 1 2
1
cocci by conventional techniques
Identification of Pathogenic Gram Positive Bacilli and gram 1 2
2
negative bacilli by conventional techniques
3 Introduction to Parasitology 1
4 Protozoa 1
5 Helminthes 1
6 Simple diagnostic Techniques of parasitic infestation 1 2
Processing of Stool Samples in parasitology Laboratory 1 2
7
a) Saline & Iodine Mount b)Concentration Methods
8 Virology: Techniques involved in diagnosis 1 2
9 Enumerate pathogenic viruses 1
10 Laboratory Diagnosis of HIV and HBsAg and HCV 1
11 Laboratory Diagnosis of HBsAg and HCV 1 2
12 Virology : Rapid diagnostic tests for HIV 1 2
13 Study of SOP related to Serology and Virology 1 2
14 Quality Control and Laboratory Accreditation in Microbiology 1 2
 Laboratory
Total 14 18
Paper – III
Subject: - Pathology
Sr. Topics Session
No. L L/D P
(A) HAEMATOLOGY
1 Determination of ESR Packed cell volume 1 - 1
2 Estimation of Absolute values 1 - 1
3 Peroxidase staining and cytochemistry, NAP scoring 1 1 1
4 Investigations of hemolytic anaemias 1 1 1
5 Investigations of thalassemias and Haemoglobinopathies 1 1 2
6 Hb and serum electrophoresis and HPLC 1 1 1
7 Determination of bleeding time, coagulation time 1 - 1
8 Estimation of prothrombin time 1 1 -
9 Reticulocyte count 1 1
10 Special hematology (Sickling test, LE Cell, Osmotic fragility, 2 2 3
G-6-p dehydrogenase deficiency, Cytochemistry)
11 Haemostasis and coagulation 1 1 -
12 Investigations of hemorrhagic disorders 1 1 -
13 Automation in Haematology 1 - -
14 Introduction to flow cytometry 1 1 -
(B) Clinical Pathology
1 Urine Microscope examination - 1 1
2 Sputum (Cytology, Micro, AFB) 1 - 1
3 Gastric analysis - 1 -
4 Demonstration of Barr bodies - 1 -
5 Exam of faeces for occult blood, fats and Stercobilinogen 1 - 1
(C) Blood Banking
1 FDA regulation and keeping records as per FDA 1 - -
2 Principles of ABO/Rh grouping and factors affecting Results 1 1 1
3 Donor selection for transfusion & donor reactions 1 - -
4 Cross matching 1 1 1
5 Blood bank administration 1 - -
6 Anticoagulation in blood bank 1 - -
7 Antiglobulin test-direct and indirect 1 - 1
8 Autologous transfusion 1 - -
9 Transfusion transmitted infection & reactions 1 - -
10 Investigation of transfusion reaction 1 - -
11 Introduction to Blood components 1 1 -
12 Preparation of RDP & SDP 1 - 2
13 Storage and issue of blood components 1 - -
14 Equipment maintenance - 1 -
15 Quality control in blood transfusion practice 1 - 1
(D) Immunology And Serology
1 Autoimmune diseases and their lab diagnosis 1 - -
2 Tumour markers, immunoglobin estimation 1 - -
3 Immuno-fluorescence - 1 -
4 Markers of Hepatitis B Infections 1 - -
5 HIV and AIDS 1 - -
(E) HISTOPATHOLOGY
1 Introduction to histology and histopathology, techniques in 1
histopathology
2 Registration, labeling 1
3 Basic principles of grossing in histopathology 1
 4 Fixatives Various types and their importance 1 1
5 Freeze drying technique, decalcification 1
6 Tissue histology processing include Micro wave 1 1
7 Microtomy& Frozen Section 1 1
11 Introduction to autopsy techniques, Dispatch of autopsy 1 - 1
specimen for Histopathological Examination
13 FNAC, including method cytology Processing (Millipore, 2 1 2
Cytospin), Cell Block Preparation Touch/ Imprint/Scrape
cytology
14 Papanicoulaou staining 1 - 1
15 Immunohistochemistry (Ag retrieval &pitfaals also) 1 3 1
16 Elementary cytogenetics 1 - -
17 Museum specimen preservation 1
19 Universal Biosafety precautions 1 1
20 Preparation of alcohols / buffers 1 - -
21 Quality control in Laboratory 2 - -
24 Biomedical Waste Disposal 1 1 -

All theory and practical are conducted in practical hall and in rotational postings
 egkjk"V!vkjksX; foKkufo|kihB] ukf'Ad
MAHARASHTRA UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SC I E N C E S , N A S H IK
MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS MUHS

BACHELOR OF PARA MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY (BPMT)

Course Name: - Laboratory Sciences
List of Suggested Books for reading

Sr.
Subject / Topic Author/ Editor Title of Book Publisher
No.
1. Lab Technician

Manual of Practical Universities

Biochemistry 1. Md. Rafi
Biochemistry Press

2. Satyanarayan Biochemistry Elsevier

Manual of Practical
3. S.K. Gupta Arya Publishing
Biochemistry

2. Pathology Harshmohan Text book of Pathology Jaypee

3. Hematology Kawathalkar Text book of Hematology Jaypee

Tejinder Singh Textbook Of Haematology

Text book of Clinical

4. Pathology Kawathalkar
Pathology
Ananthanarayan Universities
5. Microbiology Text of microbiology
and Paniker Press

6. Parasitology K.D. Chatterjee Text book of parasitology CBS

Manual of microbiology
7. Technical KapalePande