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English report

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Nitesh
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A

Seminar

Report on

“Renewable Energy Source”

Submitted in Partial Fulfilment for the award of the Degree of

Bachelor of Technology

In

Electrical Engineering

2021-2025

Submitted To: Submitted By:

Mr. Chirag Arora Nitesh Halduniya


Head of Department B. Tech, 4th year
RTU Roll No.21EAIEE017

ARYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, JAIPUR

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING


DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the work, which is being presented in the seminar entitled Renewable Energy
Source in partial fulfilment for the award of the degree in Bachelor of Technology in Electrical
Engineering, submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering, Arya College of
Engineering, Rajasthan Technical University, is a record of my own work carried under the
guidance of Mr. Chirag Arora

I have not submitted the matter presented in this report anywhere for the award of any degree.

Name – Nitesh Halduniya

Roll no. – 21EAIEE017

ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I wish to express my deep sense of gratitude to my Seminar / Training / Project guide Mr. Subhash
Swami for guiding me from the inception till the completion of the seminar. I sincerely
acknowledge her for giving her valuable guidance, support for literature survey, critical reviews and
comments for my seminar.

I would like to first of all express my thanks to Dr. Arvind Agarwal, Chairman of Arya Group of
Colleges and Dr. Puja Agarwal, Vice Chairman of Arya Group of Colleges, for providing me such
a great infrastructure and environment for my overall development.

I express my sincere thanks to Dr. Surendra Sharma, the Director of Arya Group of College, for
his kind cooperation and extendible support towards the completion of my seminar report.

I express sincere thanks to Dr. Himanshu Arora, Principal Arya College of Engineering, for his
kind cooperation and extendible support towards the completion of this report.

I also express my deepest thanks to Mr. Chirag Arora for his support in providing technical
guidance and fulfilling my various other requirements for making my seminar successful.

I express my thanks to supporting EE faculty member specially my coordinator Mr. Subhash


Swami who have been a constant source of encouragement for successful completion of the report.

Also my warm thanks to Arya College of Engineering, who provided me this opportunity to
carryout, this prestigious seminar and enhance my learning in various technical fields.

Nitesh Halduniya

Roll No. 21EAIEE017

iii
CONTENT

DECLARATION ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii

ABSTRACT iv

CONTENTS v

LIST OF FIGURE vii

Chapter- 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 History of li-ion cells 2
1.2 Electrochemistry 4
Chapter- 2 Lithium Ion (LiFePO4) Battery Pack 16
2.1 Assembly of cells 17
2.2 Battery Bank Topology 25
2.3 Battery Management System 28
2.4 Charging of Battery 46
2.5 Discharging of Battery 49
2.6 Can and Casing 50
2.7 Safety measure of Battery 51
Chapter- 3 Conclusion 55
Chapter- 4 Reference 57

vi
LIST OF FIGURE

Fig. No. Title Page No.


1.1 Varta lithium-ion Battery, Museum autovision, altlussheim, 2
Gemany
1.2 Cross section of a li-ion cylindrical cell 8
1.3 Popular 18650 lithium-ion cells 9
1.4 Demand and supply of the 18650 9
1.5 Button cells provide small size , most are primary for 11
single cell use
1.6 Cross section of a prismatic cell 11
1.7 The pouch cell 12
1.8 Swollen pouch cell 13
1.9 Price of Li-ion ($US/Wh) 14
1.10 Price comparison of lithium ion cell types 14
2.11 A 200Ah DIY li-ion Battery pack for a yacht , balanced 18
and instrumented for cell voltages and temperature
2.12 Those are all command cells on the market today 20
2.13 A set of brand new sinology cells just out of the Factory 22
crate
2.14 Copper cell interconnection link, Those are readily 24
available from battery manufactures and resellers
2.15 Shipping crate for lithium-ion cells 24
2.16 Cell interconnection schemes for 12v systems “A” reprints 26
a 4S configuration “B” a 2P4S arrangement and “c” is the
same but fused
2.17 In larger parallel interconnection schemes, such as this 27
3P4S configuration individual fusing of the cells becomes
increasingly important and provides a degree of fault
tolerance
2.18 An active protection scheme with two independently 28

vii
managed 4S banks provide both redundancy and the
highest degree of protection, but at the cost of duplicating
the management system.
2.19 Methods of determining the SOC are described in the 36
section on state of charge.
2.20 The BMS has to protect the battery and the user under all 37
of these conditions.
2.21 Vehicle energy management function. 38
2.22 Multiplexing 40
2.23 BMS Master and slaves (star topology) 44
2.24 BMS Daisy Chain (ring topology) 45
2.25 Volts/capacity vs. time when charging li-ion 48
2.26 Cycle life of li-ion energy cell at varying discharge levels 49
2.27 14.4 volt 12ah lithium battery pack in an of the shelf case 50
2.28 General Battery Reactions 51

viii

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