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Cell and Its Functions

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FAIRY ANN DULACA
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7 views

Cell and Its Functions

Uploaded by

FAIRY ANN DULACA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WELCOME TO

Cell and Molecular Biology

Presented by: Fairy Ann Dulaca


GUESS THE
PICTURE
Chair
Teacher
Table
Where can we
find them?
Where can we
find them?
All the mentioned objects
and person can be found in
the school. They all have
their basic structures and
function.
Cell and Molecular Biology

Cell Structure
and Functions
Presented by: Fairy Ann Dulaca
Objectives:
Organelles and Their Functions:

1. Describe the structure and function of key or ganelles


in a cell.

2. Compare and contrast the roles of different


organelles in various types of cells (e.g., plant vs.
animal cells).
Objectives:
Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility:

1. Identify the components of the cytoskeleton.

2. Explain the role of the cytoskeleton in maintaining cell


shape, providing mechanical support, and facilitating
intracellular transport.
Objectives:
Membrane Structure and Dynamics:

1. Describe the cell membrane's structure

2. Discuss how the membrane helps cells communicate,


send signals, and maintain balance (homeostasis).
Organelles and
their Functions
Cells
are the smallest unit of living things that can carry out
basic process of life.

most cells are microscopic

cells come from pre-existing cells

it was discovered by the English Scientist, Robert


Hooke.
What is inside a cell?
What is inside a cell?
What is inside a cell?
All organisms are made up of cells and
your own body has more than 200 different
kinds of cells.

Plant and Animal Cell have several basic


structures, called organelles that help them
life process

Organelles have functions that help keep


cells alive.
ANIMAL CELL
Animal cells are the basic unit of life in organisms of
the kingdom Animalia.

They are eukaryotic cells, meaning that they have a


true nucleus and specialized structures called
organelles that carry out different functions.

Animal cells do not have plant-specific organelles like


cell walls, which support the plant cell, or chloroplasts,
the organelle that carries out photosynthesis.
Parts of Animal cell
Parts of Animal cell
1. Cell/Plasma membrane

A flexible outer layer that controls


what enters and exits the cell,
providing protection and support.
2. Cytoplasm

is the jelly-like fluid that gives a cell


is shape and contains the molecules
the cell needs for its processes.
3. Nucleus

The control center of the cell,


containing DNA and regulating
gene expression and cell division.
4. Mitochondria

The powerhouse of the cell,


generating energy (ATP) through
cellular respiration.
5. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):

is a network of membrane-bound tubes and sacs


involved in the synthesis, folding, and transport of
proteins and lipids.
5. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):
There are two types of ER:
The rough ER, which is
studded with ribosoesis,
folding, and

The smooth ER, which is


responsible for lipid
synthesis and detoxification.
6. Golgi Apparatus

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for


storage or transport out of the cell.
7. Ribosomes
Small structures that synthesize proteins,
either floating freely in the cytoplasm or
attached to the rough ER.
8. Lysosomes

Contain digestive enzymes that


break down waste materials, old
organelles, and foreign invaders.
9. Peroxisomes

Break down fatty acids and detoxify


harmful substances.
CHECK POINT
CHECK POINT
1 3
4

2 5
Plant Cell
Plant cells are composed of different parts.
Each part has specific functions.
The following are the parts of a plant cell:
Cell Wall
It is the protective part of
the plant cell. It gives the
plant cell its rectangular
shape.
Nucleus
This round organelle is in
the center of the cell. It
controls all the activities of
the plant cell.
Vacuole
Vacuoles help maintain
water balance in plant cells.
Golgi Apparatus
It is the part that helps
process and package
proteins and lipid
molecules in the plant cell.
Chloroplast

It is the part that produces


food in a plant cell.
Mitochondria

It is the power plant of the


plant cell.
Endoplamic Reticulum
Two types of it are smooth
endoplasmic reticulum and
rough endoplasmic
reticulum.
VS.
CHECK POINT
Cytoskeleton and
Cell Motility
Cytoskeleton
is a network of protein fibers within the cell that provides
structure, support, and facilitates movement.
Cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton is made up of three main types of protein fibers:
Microfilaments (Actin Filaments):
Structure: Thin, thread-like structures made of the protein actin.
Function:
Provide structural support to the cell.
Involved in cell movement, including muscle contraction and
cell division.
Help with cell shape changes and movement through
processes like amoeboid movement.
Cytoskeleton
Intermediate Filaments:
Structure: Rope-like fibers made from various proteins, such as
keratin.

Function:
Provide mechanical strength to the cell.
Help the cell resist tension and maintain its shape.
Anchor organelles in place within the cell.
Cytoskeleton
Microtubules:
Structure: Hollow tubes composed of tubulin protein dimers (α-tubulin
and β-tubulin).

Function:
Provide rigidity and shape to the cell, acting as a scaffold that
maintains cellular integrity.
Constitute the core of cilia and flagella, enabling cell movement and
the transport of fluids across the cell surface
Roles of the Cytoskeleton in Cell Functions
The cytoskeleton plays several critical roles in the cell:

1. Maintaining Cell Shape


2. Facilitating Cell Movement
3. Enabling Intracellular Transport
4. Assisting in Cell Division
5. Providing Mechanical Strength:
Membrane Structure
and Dynamics:
CELL MEMBRANE STRUCTURE
Thin semi-permeable membrane
It contains a percentage of lipids making a semi-
permeable barrier between the cell and its physical
environment.
It has some protein components a
It is very consistent around the cell
All living cells have a plasma membrane.
CELL MEMBRANE STRUCTURE
Role in Communication, Signaling, and Homeostasis:
The membrane’s receptor proteins detect and bind
to signaling molecules, enabling cell
communication and triggering responses.

Signal transduction pathways convert external


signals into actions within the cell.

The membrane maintains homeostasis by selectively


allowing substances in and out through passive and
active transport, regulating ion gradients, and
facilitating processes like endocytosis and exocytosis.
QUESTIONS?
EXIT TICKET

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