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neha dbms file

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kashyapgaurav460
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2 views

neha dbms file

Uploaded by

kashyapgaurav460
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

*CREATE TABLE*

CREATE TABLE Students (

StudentID INT PRIMARY KEY,

FirstName VARCHAR(50),

LastName VARCHAR(50),

Age INT );
2. *ALTER TABLE*

ALTER TABLE Students ADD Email VARCHAR(100);


3. *DROP TABLE*

DROP TABLE Students;


4. *INSERT INTO*

INSERT INTO Students (StudentID, FirstName, LastName, Age) VALUES (101, 'Neha',
'Kashyap', 22);
5. *UPDATE*

UPDATE Students SET Age = 21 WHERE StudentID = 1;


6. *DELETE*

DELETE FROM Students WHERE StudentID = 2;


7. *SELECT*

SELECT * FROM Students;


8. *WHERE*

SELECT * FROM Students WHERE Age > 18;


9. *DISTINCT*

SELECT DISTINCT Age FROM Students;


10. *SAVEPOINT*

SAVEPOINT sp1;
11. *SQL Operators*

**AND**

SELECT * FROM Students WHERE Age > 18 AND FirstName = 'Manish';

*BETWEEN*

SELECT * FROM Students WHERE Age BETWEEN 18 AND 25;


12. *SET Operations*

*UNION*

SELECT FirstName FROM Students UNION SELECT FirstName FROM Teachers;

*INTERSECT*

SELECT FirstName FROM Students INTERSECT SELECT FirstName FROM Teachers;


13. **JOIN Operations**

**CROSS JOIN**

SELECT * FROM Students CROSS JOIN Courses;

**INNER JOIN**

SELECT * FROM Students INNER JOIN Courses ON Students.StudentID =


Courses.StudentID;

**NATURAL JOIN**

SELECT * FROM Students NATURAL JOIN Courses;

**OUTER JOIN (LEFT)**

**LEFT JOIN**

SELECT * FROM Students LEFT JOIN Courses ON Students.StudentID =


Courses.StudentID;
**SELF JOIN**

SELECT A.StudentID, B.FirstName FROM Students A, Students B WHERE A.StudentID !=


B.StudentID;
14. HELLO WORLD Program in PL/SQL?

BEGIN

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Hello, World!');

END;
15. Program to display Sum of two numbers in PL/SQL?

DECLARE

num1 NUMBER := 10;

num2 NUMBER := 20;

sum NUMBER;

BEGIN

sum := num1 + num2;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The sum of ' || num1 || ' and ' || num2 || ' is ' || sum);

END;
16. Program to find the Largest of three numbers in PL/SQL?

DECLARE

num1 NUMBER := 10;

num2 NUMBER := 20;

num3 NUMBER := 30;

largest NUMBER;

BEGIN

IF num1 > num2 AND num1 > num3 THEN

largest := num1;

ELSIF num2 > num1 AND num2 > num3 THEN

largest := num2;

ELSE

largest := num3;

END IF;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The largest number is ' || largest);

END;
17. Program to find the Factorial of a number (using a loop) in PL/SQL?

DECLARE

num NUMBER := 5;

factorial NUMBER := 1;

BEGIN

FOR i IN 1..num LOOP

factorial := factorial * i;

END LOOP;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('The factorial of ' || num || ' is ' || factorial);

END;
18. Program to display Fibonacci series in PL/SQL?

DECLARE

num NUMBER := 10;

a NUMBER := 0;

b NUMBER := 1;

temp NUMBER;

BEGIN

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Fibonacci series up to ' || num || ' terms:');

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT(a || ' ');

IF num > 1 THEN

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT(b || ' ');

END IF;

FOR i IN 3..num LOOP

temp := a + b;

a := b;

b := temp;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT(b || ' ');

END LOOP;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('');

END;
19. Program to check if a number is prime in PL/SQL?

DECLARE

num NUMBER := 23;

is_prime BOOLEAN := TRUE;

BEGIN

IF num <= 1 THEN

is_prime := FALSE;

ELSE

FOR i IN 2..TRUNC(SQRT(num)) LOOP

IF MOD(num, i) = 0 THEN

is_prime := FALSE;

EXIT;

END IF;

END LOOP;

END IF;

IF is_prime THEN

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(num || ' is a prime number.');

ELSE

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(num || ' is not a prime number.');

END IF;

END;
20. Program to Demonstrate Exception Handling in PL/SQL?

DECLARE

num1 NUMBER := 10;

num2 NUMBER := 0;

result NUMBER;

BEGIN

BEGIN

result := num1 / num2;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Result: ' || result);

EXCEPTION

WHEN ZERO_DIVIDE THEN

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Error: Division by zero is not allowed.');

WHEN OTHERS THEN

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('An unexpected error occurred.');

END;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Program execution continues...');

END;
21. Program to use a cursor to Retrieve data from a table in PL/SQL?

-- Create a table

CREATE TABLE employees (

employee_id NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,

name VARCHAR2(255),

salary NUMBER

);

-- Insert some data into the table

INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, name, salary)

VALUES (1, 'John Doe', 50000);

INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, name, salary)

VALUES (2, 'Jane Doe', 60000);

INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, name, salary)

VALUES (3, 'Bob Smith', 70000);

-- Create a PL/SQL block that uses a cursor to retrieve data from the table

DECLARE

CURSOR employee_cursor IS

SELECT employee_id, name, salary

FROM employees;

employee_record employee_cursor%ROWTYPE;

BEGIN

OPEN employee_cursor;

LOOP

FETCH employee_cursor INTO employee_record;


EXIT WHEN employee_cursor%NOTFOUND;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Employee ID: ' || employee_record.employee_id);

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Name: ' || employee_record.name);

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary: ' || employee_record.salary);

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('------------------------');

END LOOP;

CLOSE employee_cursor;

END;

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