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Can :w22

2 marks questionn

State the need of routing table?


Routing table is essential in routing because they maintain a map of
connected network which ensure the process of forwarding router is as
efficient as possible
Without a presences of routing table router would have no idea how to get
packet to its intended destination

Describe flow control under sctp ?


Ans: THe flow control in sctp is similar to the tcp as in tcp we need to deal
with only one unit of data I.e byte but in tcp we have to deal with two unit of
data byte and chunk

Receiver side:
In sctp receiver has one queue and three variable the queue hold the receive
the data chunks which is not read by and process the first varaible hold the
last tsn received,cumTsn the second varaible hold the available size of the
window,winsize the third variable hold the acknowledgement ,lastAck

When a site received a data chunks it is store at the end of the queue and
subtract the size of chunk from the winsize and the tsn number of chunks is
stored in cumTsn

Sender Side:
In sctp sender has three variable curtsn,rwnd,and intransit and one queue
show in the diagram

The queue carries the chunk generated by the process which is ready to be
send or have send
The first variable carries curtsn which is refer to next chunk is to be send the
second rwnd contain the last advertised value by reciever in byte the transit
hold the number of byte in transit
What is mobile ip ? list the explain component of mobile ip ?
Ans:mobile ip is an communication protocol that allow user to move from one
network to another with the same ip it ensure communication continue
without user session mobile ip was design for mobile device to move from one
network to another with permanent ip

Component of ip :

Mobile node: mobile node is an hand held communication device these device
are laptop,pad phone whose software enables roaming capabilities

Home agent: it is an router on an home network serving as an anchor point for


communication it tunnel packet from device on internet called as
corresponding node to a roaming mobile node

Foreign agent: it is an router that may function as a point of attachment for


mn when it roams to foreign network for delivering packet form home agent
To mobile node

Correspondent node: it is an device on an internet communicating to mobile


node

State the uses of ospf?


Ans: Handle routing efficiently and on time these protocol divides an as into
area
Area identification: it define the area in which routing take place
Handle complex topology: ospf can easily handle different type of network
topologies
Route distribution : ospf can take route from one protocol and can send it to
another protocol
Authentication : ospf can configured to authentication every ospf message to
prevent router to inject false routing information
Ospf calculate the shortest route to the destination through a network based
on an algorithm it uses the dijiksha algorithm to calculate short path

State the uses of auto-configuration:


A node connected to an network can automatically generate an ipv6 address
without manual configuration
When a ipv6 host join a network it can configure itself without the need of
manual configuration

Generate link local : Host create an address with specific prefix and 64 bit
identifier from its hardware

Test uniqueness: it check uniqueness using neighbour solicitation

Assign address:if unique it assign the link local for local communication

Contact router: the host listen or request guidance from router

Configure global address: a host form a global address with router specific
prefix

Renumbering :
To allow sites to change the service provider,renumbering of address prefix
was build into ipv6 addressing each sites is given a serivce provider to which it
is connected if a sites changes the provider the address prefix need to be
changed

A router to which a site is connected can advertised for new prefix and let site
to used the old prefix before disabling it means during transistion a site is
having two prefix

What is tcp segment ?


Source port no.: this is an 16 bit field that hold the port address of an
application that is sending data segement

Destination port no: this is an 16 bit field that hodl the port address of an
application that is receiving data segment

Sequence no:this is an 32 bit field hold the sequence number I.e the byte
number of first byte that is send to a perticular segement

Acknowledgement no: this 32 bit field hold the acknowledgement number I.e
the acknowledgment number I.e the acknowledgement from the pervious
byte being receive successfully

Hlen:this 4 bit field indicate the length of tcp header

Reserved : this is an 6 bit field reserved for future used

Window size: this field define the window size of sending tcp in byte

Checksum: this field hold checksum for error detection it is an mandatory in


tcp

Urgent pointer: this field used to point the data that is urgently requried that
need to be reach the receiving process at the earliest

Option: this 40 byte of optional info in tcp header

What is sctp association?


Ans: like tcp , the sctp is an connection oriented protocol a connection in sctp
is called as association
Association establishment in sctp require four way handshaking in this process
a client want to establish a assocaition with server

Step for sctp association:

The client send the first packet ,which contain an init chunk
The server send the second packet,which contain initack chunk
The client send the third packet which contain the cookie echo chunk this is a
very simple chunk as it echo without change the cookie send by server
The server send the fourth packet which include cookieack chunk that
acknowledge the reciept of the chunk echo chunk

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