BABU BANARASI DAS NATIONAL INSTITUTE

OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT,

LUCKNOW

U. G. Project Guidelines

GUIDELINES FOR B.TECH PROJECT REPORT

PREPARATION
 Introduction This document is intended to provide a set of specific and uniform guidelines to
the B. Tech students in the preparation of the eighth semester project report. The content of the
report, which is submitted to the Institute in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Technology, is very much important. It is also imperative that the report, to be
acceptable by the Institute, should essentially meet a uniform format emphasizing readability,
concordance with ethical standards and Institute-wide homogeneity.

REPORT LAYOUT

The report has to be organized in the following order.

1. Cover Page
2. Certificate signed by the Supervisor(s) (in the stipulated format)
 3. Declaration signed by the Candidate (in the stipulated format)
4. Abstract
5. Acknowledgements
6. Table of Contents
7. List of Tables
8. List of Figures
9. Abstract Abbreviations/ Notations/ Nomenclature (if any)
10. Text of the Report
i. Chapter 1
ii. Chapter 2 ….. …..
11. References
12. Plagiarism Report
13. Publications of this work
14. Publication Certificates

The formats to be followed for various headings are as follows:

1. COVER PAGE: See sample sheet. The content, relative font size and locations of
various items in the page should match with those given in sample sheet.

2. INSIDE TITLE PAGE: Same as that of cover page except but printed in bond paper as
given in 2.3.

3. CERTIFICATE: See sample sheet. The content, relative font size and locations of
various items in the page should match with those given in sample sheet.

4. DECLARATION: See sample sheet. The content, relative font size and locations of
various items in the page should match with those given in sample sheet.

5. ABSTRACT: See sample sheet.

6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: See sample sheet. Should not exceed two pages.

7. TABLE OF CONTENTS: See sample sheet.

8. LIST OF FIGURES: See sample sheet.

9. LIST OF TABLES: See sample sheet.

10. ABBREVIATIONS/ NOTATIONS/ NOMENCLATURE: See sample sheet.

11. CHAPTERS: The chapters may have Introduction, Literature Review, and Proposed
Methodology, Results & Discussions and Conclusion & future work.

12. REFERENCES: As according to Synopsis Format.

13. PLAGIARISM REPORT: Attach plagiarism report with less than 20% plagiarism.
14. PUBLICATIONS OF THIS WORK: List all the research paper published on this
work. 15. PUBLICATION CERTIFICATES: Attach all the certificates of the
publication of the research paper.

GENERAL GUIDELINES

2.1. Report Size

Report may contain maximum of about 50 pages including reference.

2.2. Paper Size

Use A4 size paper (210 mm wide and 297 mm long).

 2.3. Paper Quality

White bond paper weighing 85 g/m2 or more should be used. Essentially the same
quality of paper should be used throughout. Photographs or images with dense colors may
be printed in single side on glossy paper.

2.4. Margins

A margin of 20 mm is to be provided on left and right sides, whereas top and bottom
margins should be 30 mm. No print matter should appear in the margin except the page
numbers. All page numbers should be centered inside the bottom margin, 20mm from the
bottom edge of the paper.

2.5. Font

Times New Roman (TNR) 12-point font has to be used throughout the running text.
The captions for tables and figures should have font size of 11 and foot notes should be set
at font size 10. Font sizes for various levels of headings are given in section 2.7.

2.6. Line Spacing

The line spacing in the main text should be 1.5. Single line spacing should be given
for quotations, abstract, figure captions, table captions, figure legends, footnotes, and
references. The equations, tables, figures, and quotations should be set off from the main
text both before and after with spacing of 1.5. Two consecutive paragraphs should be
separated by double line spacing.

2.7. Headings

Following format has to be followed in heading of chapters and sections.

 CHAPTER 3
TITLE PAGE-CENTERED TNR 16-POINT BOLD ALL CAPS

3.1. SECTION HEADING

Left aligned with number, TNR 16 points, bold and leading caps

3.1.1. Second level section heading

Left aligned with number, TNR 14 points, bold and sentence case.

3.1.1.1. Third level section heading

Left aligned with number, TNR 12 points, bold and sentence case.

Fourth-level section heading

Numbered subsections beyond third level are not recommended. However, fourth-level
subsection headings may be included without numbering, TNR 12-point font, left aligned and italicized.

Running text should be set in 12-point TNR and fully justified. First line of
paragraph should have indentation of 15 mm.

2.8. Table / Figure/equation Format

Tables, figures and equations shall be numbered chapter-wise. For example,
second figure in Chapter 3 will be numbered Figure 3.2. The figure can be cited in the text
as Fig. 3.2 or Figure 3.2, however consistent citation format should be followed throughout the
report. Tables shall be numbered similarly (Table 2 in Chapter 3 will be numbered Table 3.2)
and shall be cited in the text as Table 3.2. Figure caption shall be located below the figure. Table
number and caption shall be located above the table. Equations are aligned to the center of the
page with equation number in the text has to be given at the end of the line within brackets as
given below.

∞
 2.9. Citing References
2.9.1. One author
Monika (2007) developed this method of ……… Subsequently other
researchers have adopted this technique (Ramakrishna, 2009; Bhaskar, 2010).

2.9.2. Two authors

Monika and Ram (2008) developed the model of .............
Subsequently other researchers adopted this technique (Ramakrishna, 2009; Rao and
Ram, 2011)
2.9.3. Multiple authors & more than one publication in a year
“Ram et al. (2005a) has designed the model …..” when given in
sentence.“Model AAB could regulate the control unit more efficiently (Ram et
al., 2005b) ….” while given in brackets

2.9.4. Citing multiple references

When many authors are cited in sentence it is given as “.............. Similar work
was also proposed by Singh and Robin (2008); Ram et al. (2009); Prakash
(2011) ..... ”

“Similar work was demonstrated for varied data set by many researchers
(Singh and Robin, 2008; Ram et al., 2009; Prakash, 2011) ”

2.10. Listing of the References

References are to be listed after last chapter. They are to be listed in
alphabetical order and numbered. Within a reference the line spacing should be
single. Each reference should be separated by one blank line. The reference
number should be left aligned. The text of the reference should have an
indentation of 10 mm. The reference format to be followed for journal articles,
text books, conference proceedings etc. are given below.

2.10.1. Journals
1. Prakas, K. (2011). Feedback and optimal sensitivity: Model reference
transformations, multiplicative seminorms, and approximate inverses.
IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 26(2): 301–320.

2. Ram, R., Krishna, S. and Peter, K. (2005a). Risk sensitive estimation and a
differential game. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 39(9):
1914– 1918.

3. Ram, R., Krishna, S. and Peter, K. (2005b). Differential rectification using

control points. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote sensing, 55:
914 – 918.
4. Ram, R., Krishnamurthy, P., Prasad, N. and Peter, K. (2009). Risk sensitive
estimation model II. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 43(15):
355 - 363.

2.10.2. Text books

1. Myers, D. G. (2007). Psychology (1st Canadian ed.). Worth: New York.

2. Robin, R. (2008). Robust Statistics. Wiley-Interscience: New York.

2.10.3. Conference proceedings

1. Payne, D.B. and Gunhold, H.G. (1986). Digital sundials and broadband
technology, In Proc. IOOC-ECOC, 1986, pp. 557-998.

2. Singh, K. and Robin, R. (2008). A linear- quadratic game approach to

estimation and smoothing. In American Control Conference, New York. June
20 – 25, 2008, pp. 2818–2822.

2.10.4. Reports
1. Milton, M and Robert, L. (2004). Atmospheric carbon emission through
genetic algorithm, Environment and Technical Report No.3., Indian
Meteorological Department., New Delhi.

2.10.5. Online journals with a DOI (Digital Object Identifier)

1. Krebs, D.L. and Denton, K. (2006). Explanatory limitations of cognitive-
developmental approaches to morality. Psychological Review, 113(3): 672-
675. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.113.3.672

2.10.6. Online journals without a DOI

1. Vicki, G.T., Thomae, M., Cullen, A. and Fernandez, H. (2007). Modeling the
hydrological impact on Tropical Forests. Forest Ecology, 13(10): 122-132.
Retrieved from http://www.uiowa.edu/~grpproc/crisp/crisp.html

2.10.7. Online abstracts

1. Perilloux, C. and Buss, D.M. (2008). Human relationships: Costs experienced
and coping strategies deployed. Evolutionary Psychology, 6(1): 164-181.
Abstract retrieved from http://www.epjournal.net

2.10.8. Online books

1. Perfect, T.J. and Schwartz, B. L. (Eds.) (2002). Applied metacognition.
Retrieved from http://www.questia.com/read/107598848 (--If DOI is
available, use the DOI instead of a URL)
2.10.9. Chapters from a book
1. Krebs, D.L. and Denton, K. (1997). Social illusions and self deception: The
evolution of biases in person perception. In J. A. Simpson & D. T. Kenrick
(Eds.), Evolutionary social psychology (pp.21-48). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

2.10.10. Books in print form

1. Snyder, C.R., Higgins, R.L. and Stucky, R.J. (Eds.). (1983). Excuses: Masquerades in
search of grace. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.

2.10.11. Dissertations and Report

1. Mack, S. (2000). “Desperate Optimism” M.S. Report, University of Calgary, Canada.

2.11. Page Numbering

Page numbers for the prefacing materials (Inside title page, certificate,
declaration, abstract, table of contents, etc.) of the report shall be in small Roman
numerals and should be centered at the bottom of the pages. The numbering of
the prefacing material starts from the Inside Title Page. However, the number is
not printed on the Inside Title Page. Each new item of the prefacing materials
listed above should start on a fresh paper on right page.
The body of the report starting from Chapter 1 should be paginated in
Arabic numerals and should be centered at the bottom of the pages. The
pagination should start with the first page of Chapter 1 and should continue
throughout rest of the report.

2.12. Binding
Report copies to be submitted for evaluation are to be Spiral Binding.

Progress Report On

<TITLE OF THE PROJECT>

Submitted

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for

The Degree of

Bachelor of Technology
 In

Computer Science and Engineering

(Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning)

Submitted by

<Student Name (Roll No.)>

<Student Name (Roll No.)>

<Student Name (Roll No.)>

<Student Name (Roll No.)>

Under the supervision of

<Guide Name>

<Guide Designation>

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

(Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning)

Month, Year

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled “Title of the project” submitted by “Name of

the student” (Student University Roll No.) to Babu Banarasi Das Institute of Technology

&

Management, Lucknow, in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of B.

Tech in Computer Science and Engineering(AIML) is a bonafide record of project work

 carried out by him/her under my/our supervision. The contents of this report, in full or

in parts, have not been submitted to any other Institution or University for the award of

any degree.

<Guide Name> Prof (Dr.) Anurag Tiwari

<Guide Designation > Head of the Department

Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Dept. of Computer Science and

Engineering

Date:

Place:

DECLARATION
We declare that this project report titled <Title of the report> submitted in partial
fulfillment of the degree of B. Tech in Computer Science and Engineering (AIML) is
a record of original work carried out by us under the supervision of <Name(s) of the
Supervisor(s)>, and has not formed the basis for the award of any other degree or
diploma, in this or any other Institution or University. In keeping with the ethical
 practice in reporting scientific information, due acknowledgements have been made
wherever the findings of others have been cited.

Date:

Signature:

Name of Student (Roll No.)

Name of Student (Roll No.)

Name of Student (Roll No.)

Name of Student (Roll No.)

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

It gives us a great sense of pleasure to present the report of the B. Tech Project
undertaken during B. Tech. Final Year. We owe special debt of gratitude to <Guide Name>
<Designation> and Prof. (Dr.) Anurag Tiwari (Head, Department of Computer Science and
Engineering) Babu Banarasi Das Institute of Technology and Management, Lucknow for
their constant support and guidance throughout the course of our work. Their sincerity,
thoroughness and perseverance have been a constant source of inspiration for us. It is only
their cognizant efforts that our endeavors have seen light of the day. We also do not like to
miss the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of all faculty members of the
department for their kind assistance and cooperation during the development of our project.
Last but not the least, we acknowledge our family and friends for their contribution in the
completion of the project.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DESCRIPTION PAGE NUMBER

TITLE PAGE I
CERTIFICATE/S (SUPERVISOR) II
DECLARATION III
ACKNOWLEDGMENT IV
TABLE OF CONTENTS V
 LIST OF TABLE VI
LIST OF FIGURES VI
ABBREVIATIONS/ NOTATIONS/ NOMENCLATURE VIII
ABSTRACT XI

1. CHAPTER 1 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Section heading name 1
1.2.1 Second level section heading 3
1.3 Section heading name 4
1.4 Section heading name 5

2. CHAPTER 2 8
2.1 Literature Review 9
2.2 Section heading name 10
2.2.1 Second level section heading 11
2.3 Section heading name 13

3. CHAPTER 3 15
3.1 Proposed Methodology 16
3.2 Section heading name 17
3.3 Section heading name 18
3.3.1 Second level section heading 19
3.3.1.1 Third level section heading 20

4. CHAPTER 4 21
4.1 Result and Discussion 22
4.2 Section heading name 22
4.2.1 Second level section heading 23
4.3 Section heading name 23
4.3.1 Second level section heading 24
4.3.2 Second level section heading 24
4.3.2.1 Third level section heading 25

5 CHAPTER 5 27
5.1 Conclusion and Future work 28
5.2 Section heading name 29
5.2.1 Second level section heading 30
5.3 Section heading name 32
5.3.1 Second level section heading 33
 5.3.2 Second level section heading 35
5.3.2.1 Third level section heading 40

REFERENCES 42
PLAGIARISM REPORT
REVIEW PAPER & CERTIFICATE

LIST OF TABLES

Table No Table Caption Page No

2.2 Comparative study of Research Papers 12-14

 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Figure Caption Page No.

1.1 The working of computer vision on an image 2

4.2.1 The detection of finger coordinates. 19

4.2.2 Euclidean distance Graph 18

 ABBREVIATIONS/ NOTATIONS/ NOMENCLATURE

Utmost care should be taken by the project student while using technical
abbreviations, notations and nomenclature.
The abbreviations should be listed in alphabetical order as shown below.

AFM Atomic Force Microscopy

BBB Blood Brain Barrier

 CNT Carbon Nanotube

The meaning of special symbols and notations used in the report should be explained.

|x| - absolute value

of x μ - mean

logn(x) - logarithm (x) to the base n

Chemical nomenclature

NH4+ -
ammoniu
m
CH4 - methane

OH- -
hydroxide
SO42- - sulphate

Biological nomenclature

Soneratia apetalla - saline tolerant species

Oryza sativa - common rice

ABSTRACT

Abstract of the report to be given here. Please restrict to a maximum of 300 words.
NOTE: The abstract should not have any citations, or abbreviations, nor should it be
divided into sections. It can be divided into adequate number of paragraphs as the author
wishes. It is advisable to avoid any equations in the Abstract. Figures and tables are to be
avoided.

Note that all paragraphs in the Abstract start with an indent of 15 mm, and there
is no extra spacing between two successive paragraphs. The text should be Times New
Roman font size 12, single spaced.
 CHAPTER - 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER - 2

2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW

CHAPTER - 3

3.1 PROPOSED METHODOLOGY

CHAPTER – 4

4.1 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

CHAPTER - 5

5.1 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK