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notes some natural phenomena (1)

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iamarnavgupta2k
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTERNATIONAL INDIAN SCHOOL AL JUBAIL

CLASS: VIII CHEMISTRY

Chapter#15 Some Natural Phenomena


DEFINE:

1. Lightning: Lightning is a sudden electrosta c discharge that occurs typically


during a thunderstorm. This discharge occurs between electrically charged
regions of a cloud (called intra-cloud lightning or IC), between two clouds, or
between a cloud and the ground.
2. Earthquake: An earthquake refers to the shaking of the earth’s surface
caused by a sudden release of energy within the earth’s crust.

QUESTION AND ANSWERS:

1. What do you mean by natural phenomena?

Ans. Any naturally occurring calamity or physical process is called a natural


phenomenon. Ex- earthquake and lightning.

2. How do objects acquire charge?

Ans. A body can be charged by rubbing due to friction or by induction. The


electrical charges produced by rubbing are called static charges.

3. Represent the interaction between charges:

Ans. Like charges repel, while unlike charges attract.


4. How transfer of charges occurs?
Ans. Charges can be transferred through good conductors (metals) to another
conducting material. The charge transfer is due to the movement of the
electron from one atom to another.
5. Draw and explain the setup of electroscope?
Ans.

A device that can detect the presence of charge is called an electroscope. An


electroscope consists of metal paperclip at one end of the rod and two
aluminium metal strips are attached at the other end of the rod which is kept
in a glass jar. the deflection of the aluminium metallic strips can be used as a
method to identify the presence and nature of charge on the body.
6. What are discharged objects?
Ans. When objects lose their charge by transfer, they are known as
discharged objects.
7. What is earthing?
Ans. The process of transferring charges from charged object to the earth is
called earthing.
8. Explain how lightning occurs?
Ans. During the development of a thunderstorm, the air currents move in the
upward direction while the water droplets move in the downward direction.
These movements cause separation of charges. The positive charges collect
near the upper edges of the clouds and negative charges collect near the
lower edges of the clouds. When the positive and negative charges grow
large enough, a giant spark -lightning - occurs between the two charges
within the cloud.
9. What causes an earthquake?
Ans. Earthquakes are caused due to movement or collision of tectonic plates
in the uppermost layer of the earth’s crust. Earth’s crust is fragmented, and
each such fragment is known as a plate. These plates are constantly in
motion and sometimes can collapse under one another, causing an
earthquake on the surface.
10.What are the different layers of Earth?

Ans.The Earth is made up of three different layers: the crust, the mantle and the

core.

11.What are seismic zones?

Ans. Since earthquakes are caused by the movement of plates, the boundaries of
the plates are the weak zones where earthquakes are more likely to occur. The
weak zones are also known as seismic or fault zones.

12. How can we measure earthquakes?

Ans. Earthquakes are measured on a Richter scale. The Richter scale measures
the magnitude of an earthquake (how powerful it is). It is measured using a
machine that produces a seismograph known as a seismometer.

13. Suggest three measures to protect ourselves from lightning.

Ans. Various ways to protect ourselves from lightning are

(i) Always remain in a closed place, and if you are in a car, stay there until the
lightning is over and keep the windows closed.

(ii) Never touch any electrical wires, telephone cables or metal pipes.

(iii) Never bathe in running water; this may cause electric shock.
ASSERTION AND REASON

1) Assertion: When a glass rod is rubbed with a silk cloth, the glass rod acquires
a positive charge, and silk becomes negative.

Reason: The glass rod loses electrons; it has a deficiency of electrons and hence
acquires positive charge. But the silk cloth has an excess of electrons. So, it
becomes negatively charged.

Ans: A

2)Assertion- electrical charged can be transferred from a charged object to


another through a metal conductor.

Reason- Metal is a bad conductor of electricity.

Ans: C

3) Assertion- lighting strikes could destroy life and property.

Reason- lighting conductors can protect buildings.

Ans: B

GIVE REASON:

4. Sometimes, a crackling sound is heard while taking off a sweater during


winter. Explain.

Ans. When we take out the sweater, the woollen sweater gets charged due to
friction between the sweater and the body. This results in a crackling sound.

5. Explain why a charged body loses its charge if we touch it with our hand.

Ans.The charges get conducted to the earth through our body when we touch it,
and the conductor loses its charge. This phenomenon is known as electric
discharge.

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