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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1: Introduction to Islam…………………..4
 Introduction……………………………………….4
 Purpose of the Book………………………………5
 Overview of Islam ………………………………..6
 The Life of Prophet Muhammad………………….7
Chapter 2: The Pillars of Islam…..…………………11
 The Five Pillars of Islam …………… …………..11
 Shahada (Faith) ………………..……………11

 Salah (Prayer) ……………………………….12

 Zakat (Charity) ………………………………13

 Sawm (Fasting)………………………………13

 Hajj (Pilgrimage) ……………………………14

Chapter 3: The Foundations of Islamic Belief………15

 The six Articles of Faith…………………………..15
 Belief in Allah ……………………………….15
 Belief in Angels ………. ……………………16
 Belief in the Holy Books …………………….16
 Belief in the Prophets …………………… …17
 Belief in the Day of Judgment………………..18
 Belief in Divine Decree…………...………….18

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  The Qur'an and Hadith ……………………….….19
 Introduction to the Qur'an…………….……..19
 Major Themes of the Qur'an………….……..20
 Introduction to Hadith………………….……21
 Importance of Hadith in Islam….………..…..21
Chapter 4: Islamic Ethics and Daily Life……..…….22
 Islamic Practices and Ethics…………………..…...22
 Daily Practices ……………………………….22
 Moral and Ethical Teachings…………………23
 Islam in Daily Life ………………………..……....25
 Application of Islamic Principles …..…….….25
 Relatable Stories of Some of the Sahabah…..…….27
 Abu Bakr As-Siddiq………………….….……27
 Umar ibn Al-Khattab…………………………28
 Uthman ibn Affan…………………...………..29
 Ali ibn Abi Talib………………………………29
 Other Notable Companions……………………29
 Islamic Law (Sharia)…..……………….…………..30

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Chapter 5: Conclusion and Further Resources…….30
 Conclusion ………………………………………..30
 Summary of Key Points………………………31
 Final Thoughts………………………………..31
 Glossary……………………………………………32
 Key Terms and Definitions……………………32
 References …………………………………………33
 Suggested Readings……………………………33

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 Chapter 1: Introduction to Islam

Introduction
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

Islam, a monotheistic faith followed by over two billion

people worldwide, is a religion of peace, submission, and
devotion to God, known as Allah in Arabic. It is a
comprehensive way of life that encompasses spiritual,
moral, and social dimensions. This book, "The Basics of
Islam," aims to provide a clear and concise introduction to
the fundamental principles and practices of Islam, making it
accessible to readers of all backgrounds.
In a world often characterized by division and
misunderstanding, the need for dialogue and mutual respect
between different faiths and cultures has never been greater.
Islam, is often misconstrued and shrouded in stereotypes.
This book, aims to bridge this gap. Whether you are a
curious individual seeking knowledge or someone looking
to deepen your understanding of a major world religion, this
book welcomes you to a journey of exploration and
discovery of Islam.

IBRAHIM MUSTAPHA
[email protected]

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 Purpose of the Book
This book serves several key purposes:
 To educate: It aims to provide accurate and reliable
information about Islam, drawing from authentic
sources like the Qur'an and Hadith, and presenting them
in a clear and understandable manner. This is crucial in
combating misinformation and promoting a more
informed understanding of Islam.
 To foster understanding: It seeks to foster
understanding and respect for Islam by highlighting its
core values of peace, compassion, justice, and
submission to the one God. It aims to dispel
misconceptions and promote a more nuanced
perspective of this diverse and rich faith.
 To inspire: It seeks to inspire readers to learn more
about Islam's rich heritage, its contributions to
civilization, and its profound spiritual teachings. It aims
to encourage dialogue and mutual respect between
people of different faiths and backgrounds.

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 Overview of Islam
The word "Islam" itself means "submission" or "surrender"
to the will of God, who is known as Allah in Arabic.
Islam is based on the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad
(peace and blessings be upon him – often abbreviated as
PBUH), whom Muslims believe to be the final prophet in a
line of prophets sent by God, including Adam, Noah,
Abraham, Moses, and Jesus (peace be upon them all). The
central religious text of Islam is the Qur'an, which Muslims
believe to be the literal word of God revealed to Prophet
Muhammad through the Angel Gabriel. The Qur'an serves
as the ultimate guide for Muslims in all matters of life. Islam
emphasizes the absolute oneness of God (Tawhid), the
importance of prayer, charity, fasting, pilgrimage, and
adherence to high moral and ethical principles, promoting
justice, compassion, and peace.
It also promotes the belief in the accountability of one's
actions in the afterlife, and the importance of striving for
good character and deeds. It is a comprehensive way of life
that provides guidance in all aspects of human existence,
from personal conduct and family life to social interactions
and global affairs.

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 The Life of Prophet Muhammad
(Peace and blessings be upon him)
The life of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is a central source
of guidance for Muslims. His life, teachings, and actions
(known as the Sunnah) provide a practical example of how
to live according to Islamic principles.
 Early Life: Muhammad (PBUH) was born in Mecca
around 570 CE. His father, Abdullah, died before his
birth, and his mother, Amina, passed away when he was
young. He was then raised by his grandfather, Abdul-
Muttalib, and later by his uncle, Abu Talib. He was
known for his honesty, trustworthiness (earning him the
title "Al-Amin," meaning "the trustworthy"), and
integrity. He disliked the prevalent social ills of his
time, such as idolatry and injustice.
o Significance: The Prophet's early life, marked by

hardship and responsibility, demonstrates the

importance of perseverance and integrity even in
challenging circumstances.
 Prophethood: At the age of 40, while meditating in a
cave on Mount Hira, Muhammad (PBUH) received his
first revelation from God through the Angel Gabriel.
These revelations continued for the rest of his life and
were compiled into the Qur'an.

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 He began to preach the message of Tawhid (the oneness
of God), calling people to abandon idolatry and submit
to God alone.
o Qur'an Reference (First Revelation): "Recite in
the name of your Lord who created - Created man
from a clinging clot. Recite, and your Lord is the
most Generous - Who taught by the pen - Taught
man that which he knew not." (Qur'an 96:1-5)

 Key Events and Battles: The Prophet's mission faced

significant opposition from the Meccan elite, who
persecuted him and his followers. He and his followers
eventually migrated to Medina in 622 CE (an event
known as the Hijra), where they established the first
Muslim community. Several key battles took place
during this period, including the Battle of Badr, the
Battle of Uhud, and the Battle of the Trench. These
events tested the faith and resilience of the early
Muslims.
o Significance: The Hijra marks a turning point in

Islamic history and is the beginning of the Islamic

calendar. The battles demonstrate the importance
of perseverance, reliance on God, and defending
the truth.

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  The Farewell Sermon: In 632 CE, the Prophet
(PBUH) delivered his final sermon, known as the
Farewell Sermon, during the Hajj pilgrimage. In this
sermon, he summarized the key principles of Islam,
emphasizing the importance of justice, equality, and
unity among Muslims. He also stressed the importance
of adhering to the Qur'an and his Sunnah (practices and
sayings).
Key Themes of the Farewell Sermon:
 The Oneness of God (Tawhid): The Prophet (PBUH)
reiterated the importance of worshipping God alone and
rejecting all forms of idolatry.
 Human Equality: He emphasized that all human
beings are equal in the eyes of God, regardless of their
race, ethnicity, or social status.
 Sanctity of Life and Property: He declared that the
life and property of every Muslim are sacred and
inviolable.
 Abolition of Interest (Riba): He forbade the practice
of charging interest on loans, emphasizing the
importance of fair and ethical economic practices.
 Importance of Fulfilling Trusts: He stressed the
importance of honesty, trustworthiness, and fulfilling
one's obligations.

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 Adherence to the Qur'an and Sunnah: He instructed
Muslims to hold fast to the Qur'an and his Sunnah (his
words, actions, and approvals) as their guides.

 His Character and Example (Sunnah): The Prophet's

life is considered the best example for Muslims. His
character was described by his wife Aisha (RA) as "the
Qur'an in practice." He was known for his kindness,
compassion, honesty, humility, and wisdom. His
Sunnah encompasses his words, actions, and approvals,
providing guidance on various aspects of life, from
prayer and worship to social interactions and business
dealings.
o Qur'an Reference: "There has certainly been for

you in the Messenger of Allah an excellent pattern

for anyone whose hope has been in Allah and the
Last Day and [who] has remembered Allah often."
(Qur'an 33:21) This verse highlights the
importance of following the Prophet's example.

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 Chapter 2: The Pillars of Islam

The Five Pillars of Islam

Islam is not just a set of beliefs; it is a way of life. The Five
Pillars of Islam are the core practices that Muslims are
expected to fulfill throughout their lives. These pillars form
the foundation of Muslim worship and devotion, and they
serve as a practical expression of their faith.
1. Shahada (Declaration of Faith)
The Shahada is the declaration of faith, the first and
most important pillar of Islam. It is a simple yet
profound statement that encapsulates the core of
Islamic belief:
"La ilaha illa Allah, Muhammadun rasulullah."
"There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the
messenger of Allah."
o Meaning and Significance: The Shahada affirms
the absolute oneness of God (Allah) and the
acceptance of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as His
final messenger. It signifies a complete submission
to Allah's will and a commitment to following the
teachings of Islam.

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 o Entering Islam: Saying the Shahada with sincerity
and understanding is the key to entering the fold of
Islam.
2. Salah (Prayer)
Salah is the obligatory ritual prayer performed five
times a day by Muslims. It is a direct connection
between the believer and Allah.
o The Five Daily Prayers:
 Fajr (dawn)

 Dhuhr (noon)

 Asr (afternoon)

 Maghrib (sunset)

 Isha'a (night)

o Purpose and Benefits: Salah is not just a physical

act but a spiritual practice that fosters mindfulness
of Allah, provides peace and tranquility, and serves
as a constant reminder of one's purpose in life.
 Qur'an: "And establish prayer. Indeed, prayer

prohibits immorality and wrongdoing, and the

remembrance of Allah is greater. And Allah
knows that which you do." (Qur'an 29:45)
 Hadith: The Prophet (PBUH) said, "The first

matter that the servant will be brought to

account for on the Day of Judgment is the
prayer. If it is sound, then the rest of his deeds
will be sound. And if it is bad, then the rest of his
deeds will be bad." (Tirmidhi)

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3. Zakat (Charity)
Zakat is the obligatory giving of a portion of one's
wealth to those in need. It is a form of social
responsibility and a means of purifying one's wealth.
o Calculation and Distribution: Zakat is calculated
as 2.5 percentage of one's wealth and is typically
paid annually. It is distributed to specific categories
of people, including the poor, the needy, and those
in debt.
o Purpose and Benefits: Zakat purifies wealth,

fosters social justice, and promotes compassion

and empathy.
 Qur'an: "Take, [O, Muhammad], from their

wealth a charity by which you purify them and

cause them increase, and invoke [ Allah 's
blessings] upon them. Indeed, your
invocations are reassurance for them. And
Allah is Hearing and Knowing." (Qur'an
9:103)
 Hadith: The Prophet (PBUH) said, "Charity

does not in any way decrease the wealth [of

the giver]." (Muslim)
4. Sawm (Fasting)
Sawm is the act of fasting from dawn until dusk during
the month of Ramadan, the ninth month of the Islamic
lunar calendar.

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 o The Month of Ramadan: During Ramadan,
Muslims abstain from food, drink, and sexual
activity from dawn until sunset.
o Purpose and Benefits: Fasting is a spiritual

practice that cultivates self-discipline, empathy for

the less fortunate, and increased devotion to Allah.
 Qur'an: "O you who have believed, decreed

upon you is fasting as it was decreed upon

those before you that you may become
righteous - " (Qur'an 2:183)
 Hadith: The Prophet (PBUH) said, "Whoever

fasts Ramadan out of faith and hope for

reward will have his past sins forgiven."
(Bukhari and Muslim)
5. Hajj (Pilgrimage)
Hajj is the pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, which is
obligatory once in a lifetime for those who are
physically and financially able.
o The Ka'bah: The Ka'bah is a cube-shaped
structure in Mecca that serves as the focal point of
Muslim prayer and pilgrimage.
o Rituals of Hajj: Hajj involves a series of rituals
performed over several days, including circling the
Ka'bah, walking between the hills of Safa and
Marwa, and standing on the plain of Arafat.

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 o Purpose and Benefits: Hajj is a journey of
spiritual purification, commemorating the trials
and tribulations of Prophet Abraham (PBUH) and
his family. It is a time of unity and equality for
Muslims from all over the world.
 Qur'an: "And [due] to Allah from the people

is a pilgrimage to the House - for whoever is

able to find thereto a way. But whoever
disbelieves - then indeed, Allah is free from
need of the worlds." (Qur'an 3:97)

Chapter 3: The Foundations of Islamic Belief

The Six Articles of Faith
While the Five Pillars represent the practical actions of
Islam, the Six Articles of Faith represent the core beliefs that
a Muslim must hold. These beliefs form the foundation of
Islamic theology.
1. Belief in Allah (God): This is the cornerstone of
Islamic faith. Muslims believe in one God, Allah, who
is the Creator, Sustainer, and Lord of the universe. He
is unique, without partners or equals. He is all-knowing,
all-powerful, and all-merciful. This belief is
encapsulated in the Shahada (declaration of faith).
o Qur'an Reference: "Say, 'He is Allah, [who is]

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 One, Allah, the Eternal Refuge. He neither begets
nor is born, Nor is there to Him any equivalent.'"
(Qur'an 112:1-4) This Surah (chapter) succinctly
defines the concept of Tawhid (Oneness of God).

2. Belief in Angels: Muslims believe in the existence of

angels, created beings of light who serve God. They are
messengers of God and carry out His commands.
Notable angels include Jibril (Gabriel), who conveyed
God's revelations to the prophets; Mika'il (Michael);
and Israfil, who will blow the trumpet on the Day of
Judgment.
o Qur'an Reference: "The Messenger has believed

in what has been revealed to him from his Lord,

and [so have] the believers. All of them have
believed in Allah and His angels and His books and
His messengers..." (Qur'an 2:285)

3. Belief in the Holy Books: Muslims believe that God

revealed His messages to various prophets throughout
history in the form of holy books. While Muslims believe
the Qur'an is the final and complete revelation, they also
respect previous scriptures such as the Torah (revealed to
Moses), the Psalms (revealed to David), and the Gospel
(revealed to Jesus). However, Muslims believe that these
earlier scriptures have been altered over time, while the
Qur'an remains preserved in its original form.

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 o Qur'an Reference: "And We have revealed to you,
[O Muhammad], the Book in truth, confirming
what was before it of the Scripture and as a
criterion over it. So judge between them by what
Allah has revealed and do not follow their
inclinations away from what has come to you of the
truth..." (Qur'an 5:48)

4. Belief in the Prophets: Muslims believe that God sent

prophets to guide humanity throughout history.
These prophets were chosen by God to convey His
message and serve as examples for their communities.
Muslims believe in all the prophets mentioned in the
Qur'an, including Adam, Noah, Abraham, Ishmael,
Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, Moses, David, Solomon, Jesus,
and Muhammad (peace be upon them all). Muslims
believe Muhammad (PBUH) is the final prophet, and
no prophet will come after him.
o Qur'an Reference: "Say, [O believers], 'We have
believed in Allah and what has been revealed to us
and what has been revealed to Abraham and
Ishmael and Isaac and Jacob and the Descendants
and what was given to Moses and Jesus and what
was given to the prophets from their Lord. We
make no distinction between any of them, and to
Him we have submitted.'" (Qur'an 2:136)

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5. Belief in the Day of Judgment (Yawm al-Qiyāmah):
Muslims believe in a Day of Judgment when all of
humanity will be resurrected and held accountable for
their actions in this life. Those who have lived righteous
lives will be rewarded with Paradise (Jannah), and those
who have rejected God's guidance will face punishment
in Hellfire (Jahannam).
o Qur'an Reference: "And the Hour is coming—no

doubt about it. And Allah will resurrect those in the

graves." (Qur'an 22:7)

6. Belief in Divine Decree (Qadar): Muslims believe that

everything that happens, good or bad, is by the will and
decree of God. This belief does not negate human free
will but rather acknowledges God's ultimate knowledge
and control over all things. It encourages reliance on
God in all circumstances.
o Hadith Reference: The Prophet (PBUH) said,

"...and to believe in (Al-Qadar), all of it, the good

and the evil thereof." (Sahih Muslim) This Hadith
clearly establishes the belief in divine decree as an
essential part of faith.

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 The Qur'an and Hadith
The Qur'an and Hadith are the two primary sources of
Islamic teachings. The Qur'an is considered the literal word
of God revealed to Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), while the
Hadith are accounts of the Prophet's sayings, actions, and
approvals.
Introduction to the Qur'an
The Qur'an is the central religious text of Islam. Muslims
believe it is the direct word of God, revealed to Prophet
Muhammad (PBUH) through the Angel Gabriel over a
period of 23 years. It is written in Arabic and is considered
the ultimate guide for Muslims in all aspects of life.
 Key Characteristics:
o Divine Origin: Muslims believe the Qur'an is the

literal word of God, not authored by any human.

o Preservation: The Qur'an is believed to have been

perfectly preserved since its revelation, without

any alterations or changes.
o Miraculous Nature: Muslims consider the Qur'an

to be a miracle, both in its language and its content.

o Structure: The Qur'an is divided into 114 chapters

(Surahs), which are further divided into verses

(Ayahs).

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  Qur'an Reference (Importance): "This is the Book
about which there is no doubt, a guidance for those
conscious of Allah." (Qur'an 2:2) This verse emphasizes
the Qur'an's role as a guide for humanity.
Major Themes of the Qur'an
The Qur'an addresses a wide range of topics, including:
 Tawhid (Oneness of God): The central theme of the
Qur'an is the absolute oneness of God and the rejection
of any form of polytheism or idolatry.
 Prophethood: The Qur'an discusses the stories of
various prophets and their messages, emphasizing the
continuity of God's guidance throughout history.
 The Day of Judgment: The Qur'an describes the
events of the Day of Judgment, including resurrection,
accountability, and the rewards and punishments of the
afterlife.
 Moral and Ethical Teachings: The Qur'an provides
comprehensive moral and ethical guidelines for
individuals and society, promoting justice, compassion,
honesty, and other virtues.
 Laws and Rulings (Sharia): The Qur'an contains some
basic legal and social rulings, which are further
elaborated upon in the Hadith and by Islamic scholars.

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 Introduction to Hadith
Hadith are accounts of the Prophet Muhammad's (PBUH)
sayings, actions, and approvals. They serve as a secondary
source of Islamic teachings, complementing the Qur'an and
providing further clarification and explanation of its
principles.
 Importance of Hadith:
o Explanation of the Qur'an: Hadith provide

context and explanation for many verses of the

Qur'an.
o Practical Application: Hadith demonstrate how

the Prophet (PBUH) applied the principles of Islam

in his daily life, providing a practical example for
Muslims to follow.
o Preservation of the Sunnah: Hadith preserve the

Sunnah (the Prophet's way of life), which is

considered an essential source of guidance for
Muslims.
 Hadith Reference (Importance of following the
Prophet): "Whoever obeys the Messenger has obeyed
Allah." (Qur'an 4:80) This verse highlights the
importance of following the Prophet's example, which
is preserved in the Hadith.

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 Chapter 4: Islamic Ethics and Daily Life
Islamic Practices and Ethics
Islam is not just a set of beliefs but also a way of life that
encompasses various practices and ethical principles. These
practices and ethics guide Muslims in their daily lives and
interactions with others.
Daily Practices
Beyond the Five Pillars, several other daily practices are
emphasized in Islam:
 Dhikr (Remembrance of God): This involves
remembering God through various forms of prayer,
supplication (Du'a), and recitation of the Qur'an. Dhikr
helps to maintain a constant connection with God and
brings peace and tranquility to the heart.
o Qur'an Reference: "O you who have believed,

remember Allah with much remembrance." (Qur'an

33:41)
 Du'a (Supplication): This is personal communication
with God, where one asks for His help, guidance, and
blessings. Du'a can be made at any time and in any
language.
o Hadith Reference: The Prophet (PBUH) said,

"Du'a is the essence of worship." (Tirmidhi)

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  Recitation of the Qur'an (Tilawah): Regularly
reciting the Qur'an is a highly recommended practice. It
brings one closer to God and provides guidance and
blessings.
o Qur'an Reference: "Indeed, those who recite the

Book of Allah and establish prayer and donate

from what We have provided them, secretly and
publicly, [can] expect a profit which will never
diminish." (Qur'an 35:29)
 Maintaining Cleanliness (Taharah): Cleanliness is an
important aspect of Islamic practice, both physically
and spiritually. This includes performing Wudu
(ablution) before prayer and maintaining personal
hygiene.
o Hadith Reference: The Prophet (PBUH) said,

"Cleanliness is half of faith." (Muslim)

Moral and Ethical Teachings
Islam emphasizes a comprehensive system of morality and
ethics that guides Muslims in their interactions with others
and in their personal conduct. Some key ethical principles
include:
 Honesty and Truthfulness (Sidq): Muslims are
expected to be truthful in their words and actions.
o Qur'an Reference: "O you who have believed,

fear Allah and be with those who are true." (Qur'an

9:119)

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 Justice and Fairness ('Adl): Upholding justice and
fairness in all dealings is a fundamental principle in
Islam.
o Qur'an Reference: "Indeed, Allah orders justice

and good conduct and giving to relatives and

forbids immorality and bad conduct and
oppression. He admonishes you that perhaps you
will be reminded." (Qur'an 16:90)
 Compassion and Mercy (Rahma): Showing
compassion and mercy towards others is a highly
valued trait in Islam.
o Qur'an Reference: "And We have not sent you, [O

Muhammad], except as a mercy to the worlds."

(Qur'an 21:107) This verse refers to the Prophet
himself as a mercy.
 Respect for Others: Islam emphasizes the importance
of respecting all human beings, regardless of their
religion, race, or social status.
o Hadith Reference: The Prophet (PBUH) said,

"None of you truly believes until he loves for his

brother what he loves for himself." (Bukhari and
Muslim)
 Patience (Sabr): Muslims are encouraged to be patient
in the face of difficulties and trials.
o Qur'an Reference: "And be patient, for indeed,

Allah is with the patient." (Qur'an 8:46)

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  Humility (Tawadu'): Arrogance and pride are
discouraged in Islam. Humility and recognizing God's
greatness are emphasized.
Islam in Daily Life
Islam is not confined to rituals performed in mosques or
specific times of the year; it is a way of life that permeates
all aspects of a Muslim's daily routine. It provides guidance
on how to conduct oneself in personal, social, and
professional life.
Application of Islamic Principles
Here are some examples of how Islamic principles are
applied in daily life:
 Family Life: Islam emphasizes the importance of
strong family bonds. It outlines the rights and
responsibilities of parents, children, and spouses.
Respect for elders, kindness to children, and
maintaining harmonious relationships are crucial
aspects of Islamic family life.
o Qur'an Reference: "And We have enjoined upon

man [care] for his parents. His mother carried

him, [increasing her] in weakness upon weakness,
and his weaning is in two years. Be grateful to Me
and to your parents; to Me is the [final]
destination." (Qur'an 31:14)

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 Social Interactions: Islam promotes ethical conduct in
all social interactions. This includes being honest in
dealings, fulfilling promises, showing respect to others,
and avoiding gossip and backbiting.
o Hadith Reference: The Prophet (PBUH) said, "A

Muslim is the one from whose tongue and hand the

Muslims are safe." (Bukhari and Muslim)
 Business and Finance: Islam provides guidelines for
ethical business practices, prohibiting interest (riba),
gambling (maysir), and unfair trading practices. It
encourages honesty, fairness, and transparency in all
business transactions.
o Qur'an Reference (Prohibition of Riba): "Allah

has permitted trade and has forbidden interest."

(Qur'an 2:275)
 Dietary Laws (Halal): Islam prescribes certain dietary
laws, known as Halal, which define what foods and
drinks are permissible for Muslims to consume. These
laws promote health and well-being.
o Qur'an Reference: "O you who have believed, eat

from the good things which We have provided for

you and be grateful to Allah if it is [indeed] Him
that you worship." (Qur'an 2:172)
 Personal Hygiene and Appearance: Islam
emphasizes cleanliness and maintaining a neat and
presentable appearance. This includes regular bathing,
using perfume (for men), and wearing clean clothes.

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 o Hadith Reference: The Prophet (PBUH) said,
"Allah is beautiful and loves beauty." (Muslim)
 Time Management: Islam emphasizes the importance
of utilizing time effectively and not wasting it on
unproductive activities.
o Qur'an Reference: "By time, Indeed, mankind is

in loss, Except for those who have believed and

done righteous deeds and advised each other to
truth and advised each other to patience." (Qur'an
103:1-3)

Relatable Stories of some of the Sahabah

(Companions of the Prophet)
The Sahabah (Companions of the Prophet Muhammad,
peace be upon him) were the individuals who lived during
his time, believed in his message, and learned directly from
him. Their lives provide invaluable examples of faith,
devotion, sacrifice, and resilience. Studying their stories
helps us understand how to apply Islamic principles in our
daily lives. Here are brief accounts of some prominent
Sahabah:
 Abu Bakr As-Siddiq (Radi Allahu Anhu - May Allah
be pleased with him): Abu Bakr was the closest
companion of the Prophet and the first Caliph (leader of
the Muslim community after the Prophet's death).

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 He was known for his unwavering faith, truthfulness
(hence the title "As-Siddiq," meaning "the truthful"),
and unwavering support of the Prophet.
o Relatable Story: During the Isra and Mi'raj (Night
Journey and Ascension) of the Prophet, many
people doubted the Prophet's account. Abu Bakr,
however, immediately affirmed it, saying, "If he
(the Prophet) said it, then it is true." This
exemplifies his absolute trust in the Prophet. This
story also highlights the importance of believing in
the unseen (Ghaib), a key aspect of Islamic faith.
 Umar ibn Al-Khattab (Radi Allahu Anhu): Umar
was known for his strength, justice, and decisiveness.
Initially, he was a staunch opponent of Islam, but after
a profound experience, he embraced Islam
wholeheartedly and became one of its most influential
figures.
o Relatable Story: Before accepting Islam, Umar

was on his way to harm the Prophet. However, he

encountered his sister and her husband reciting the
Qur'an. Upon hearing the verses, his heart softened,
and he was deeply moved. This story shows how
the power of the Qur'an can transform hearts and
minds. It emphasizes the importance of reflecting
on the words of God.

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 Uthman ibn Affan (Radi Allahu Anhu): Uthman was
known for his generosity, modesty, and piety. He was
also instrumental in compiling the Qur'an into a single,
standardized text, ensuring its preservation for future
generations.
o Relatable Story: During a time of famine in

Medina, Uthman purchased a large caravan of

goods and offered it to the people at a significantly
reduced price, even refusing to profit from it. This
exemplifies his selflessness and commitment to
helping others. It teaches us the importance of
generosity and compassion, especially in times of
need.
 Ali ibn Abi Talib (Radi Allahu Anhu): Ali was the
cousin and son-in-law of the Prophet. He was known
for his wisdom, courage, and eloquence. He was also
one of the first to accept Islam as a child.
o Relatable Story: When the Prophet was planning

to migrate from Mecca to Medina, he asked Ali to

stay behind and return the trusts that people had
placed with the Prophet. This demonstrates Ali's
trustworthiness and the importance of fulfilling
one's obligations, even in difficult circumstances.
 Other Notable Companions: Other prominent
Sahabah include Khadijah bint Khuwaylid (the
Prophet's first wife and a strong supporter of his
mission), Bilal ibn Rabah (a former slave who became

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 a symbol of equality and the first Mu'adhin, caller to
prayer), and many others. Each of their stories provides
valuable lessons and insights into the practical
application of Islamic principles.
Islamic Law (Sharia)
Islamic law, known as Sharia, is derived from the Qur'an,
Hadith, and scholarly consensus. It provides guidance on
various aspects of life, including worship, personal conduct,
family matters, business transactions, and criminal law. It's
important to understand that Sharia is interpreted and
applied differently in different contexts and by different
scholars.

Chapter 5: Conclusion and Further Resources

Conclusion
This book, "The Basics of Islam," has provided a concise
introduction to the fundamental principles and practices of
Islam. We have explored the core beliefs, including the
oneness of God, the role of prophets, the importance of the
Qur'an and Hadith, and the concept of the Day of Judgment.
We have also discussed the Five Pillars of Islam, the
essential acts of worship that form the foundation of Muslim
life. Furthermore, we have touched upon Islamic ethics,
daily practices, and how Islamic principles are applied in
various aspects of daily life.

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 Summary of Key Points
 Islam is a monotheistic faith based on the teachings of
Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).
 The Qur'an is the literal word of God and the primary
source of Islamic teachings.
 The Hadith are accounts of the Prophet's sayings, actions,
and approvals, serving as a secondary source of guidance.
 The Five Pillars of Islam are the core practices of the faith:
Shahada (Faith), Salah (Prayer), Zakat (Charity), Sawm
(Fasting), and Hajj (Pilgrimage).
 The Six Articles of Faith are the core beliefs: Belief in
Allah, Angels, Holy Books, Prophets, the Day of
Judgment, and Divine Decree.
 Islam emphasizes a comprehensive system of ethics and
morality, promoting justice, compassion, honesty, and
respect for others.
 Islam is a way of life that guides Muslims in all aspects of
their daily routine.
Final Thoughts
It is important to remember that this book provides only a basic
overview of Islam. There is much more to learn about this rich
and diverse faith. We encourage readers to continue their
exploration of Islam through further reading, engagement with
Muslim communities, and reflection on the teachings of the
Qur'an and Sunnah. We hope this book has served as a valuable
starting point for understanding Islam and has fostered a greater
appreciation for its principles and values.

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 Glossary
This glossary provides definitions of some key Islamic
terms used in this book:
 Allah: The Arabic word for God.
 Ayah: A verse of the Qur'an.
 Hadith: Accounts of the Prophet Muhammad's
(PBUH) sayings, actions, and approvals.
 Hajj: The pilgrimage to Mecca.
 Halal: Permissible according to Islamic law.
 Hijra: The Prophet's migration from Mecca to Medina.
 Ijma: Scholarly consensus on a matter of Islamic law.
 Jannah: Paradise.
 Jahannam: Hellfire.
 Qur'an: The holy book of Islam.
 Radi Allahu Anhu (RA): May Allah be pleased with
him (used after the names of the Prophet's companions).
 Salah: Prayer.
 Sahabah: The companions of the Prophet Muhammad
(PBUH).
 Sawm: Fasting.
 Shahada: The declaration of faith.
 Sharia: Islamic law.
 Sunnah: The Prophet's way of life.
 Surah: A chapter of the Qur'an.
 Tawhid: The oneness of God.
 Zakat: Charity.

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 References
This section lists some suggested readings and sources that
can provide further information on Islam:
 The Holy Qur'an: (Various translations are available.)
 Sahih al-Bukhari: A collection of authentic Hadith.
 Sahih Muslim: Another collection of authentic Hadith.
 Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum (The Sealed Nectar) by
Safi-ur-Rahman Mubarakpuri: A comprehensive
biography of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).
 Tafsir Ibn Kathir: A renowned commentary on the
Qur'an.

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