VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

JNANA SANGAMA, BELAGAVI -590 014

NSS Report
on
“ORGANIC FARMING”
A report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Award of Degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Submitted by NSS VOLUNTEERS

HOD NSS Coordinator Principal

Dr. Krishna Reddy K R M.Tech, PhD Dr. Niranjan.E M.SC.Ph.D Dr.Bharath P B M.Tech.Ph.D.
Professor and Head, Asst. prof., and Head Principal of SJMIT,
Dept. of CS&E, Dept. of Chemistry, SJMIT, Chitradurga.
SJMIT, Chitradurga. SJMIT, Chitradurga

2023-2024

S.J.M VIDYAPEETHA ®
S.J.M INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
(Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, Recognized by AICTE,
New Delhi and Approved by Government of Karnataka)
NAAC Accredited with ‘B++’ Grade
P.B No.73, NH4 Bypass Road, Chitradurga – 577 502
 ORGANIC FARMING

INTRODUCTION
Organic farming is a method of agricultural production that excludes the use of synthetic
substances, such as pesticides, synthetic medicines or fertilisers, and genetically modified
organisms.
Organic farming is a production management system excluding of all synthetic off-farm inputs
but rely upon on-farm agronomic, biological and mechanical methods like crop rotations, crop
residues, animal manures, off-farm organic waste, mineral grade rock additives and biological
system of nutrient mobilization and plant protection, etc which promotes and enhances
biodiversity, biological cycles and agro-ecosystem health.
Organic farming, also known as ecological farming or biological farming,[1][2][3][4][5] is an
agricultural system that uses fertilizers of organic origin such as compost manure, green manure,
and bone meal and places emphasis on techniques such as crop rotation and companion planting.

Fig : Organic farming

Organic farming involves cultivating crops and raising livestock without using inorganic
chemical fertilizers, synthetic pesticides, or genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Instead,
it relies on natural methods and materials.
 HISTORY
Organic farming has roots dating back to ancient civilizations, where traditional agricultural
practices focused on natural methods without synthetic inputs. In the early 20th century, organic
farming gained momentum with the works of pioneers like Sir Albert Howard and Rudolf
Steiner, who advocated for holistic farming approaches. The term "organic farming" was
popularized in the 1940s by Lord Northbourne in his book "Look to the Land." The organic
movement grew steadily throughout the 20th century, fueled by concerns over chemical inputs
in agriculture and environmental sustainability. Government regulations and certification
standards began to emerge in the 1970s and 1980s, formalizing organic farming practices.
Today, organic farming is recognized globally as a sustainable and environmentally friendly
approach to agriculture, with increasing demand for organic products driving its continued
growth.

AIMS OF ORGANIC FARMING

➢ food production using natural substances

➢ Responsible use of energy and natural resources.
➢ Maintain biodiversity and protect animal welfare.
➢ Conserve the regional ecological balance.

➢ Improve soil fertility and water quality.

BENEFITS OF ORGANIC FARMING

➢ Natural Environment : Organic farming usually goes down in a natural environment.

Unnecessary enclosures are not used for the crops or plants.
➢ No Chemicals: Unlike other forms of farming, organic farming does not involve any
artificial sources like chemicals to drive away pests or to speed up the process of
farming. 3.Environmentally Friendly : Among the advantages of organic farming, this
one stands out the most. This makes it way better than regular farming. The whole world
suffers because of the ignorant methods of regular farming including animals. Organic
farming is definitely theway to go.
 ➢ 4.Healthier And Tastier : Since non-organic farming produces results that are way too
suspicious when eaten, it is obvious that it isn’t good for health either. Organic
farming in kerala for example are known to keep the crops growing properly.

DISADVANTAGES OF ORGANIC FARMING

➢ Expensive Products : One of the major problems of organic farming methods is that
sometimes it can get a bit costly. Some products related to organic farming are too
expensive, leading to some common people to not be able to afford it.
➢ More Labor : Organic farming is a sector that requires a lot of patience. This is because
pests and others obstacles must be tackled manually.
➢ Cross Breeding Problem : The seeds of GMO plants once planted, create GMO crops.
These crops then produce seeds and the pattern continues. This makes it very difficult to
tell from the organic and GMO crops.
➢ Labor Charges :Labor charges refer to the amount payable to someone who has been
involved in the building ot working of something.

FENUGREEK ( Menthe Soppu)

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) is an annual plant belongs to the family Leguminosae.
It is the famous spices in human food. Fenugreek is an interesting herb with diverse uses and
many potential health benefits. The seeds and green leaves of fenugreek are used in food as well
as in medicinal application that is the old practice of human history.
Fenugreek seeds have a healthy nutritional profile, containing a good amount of fiber and
minerals, including iron and magnesium. From fenugreek plant seeds and leaves can be
harvested. Fenugreek seeds have long shelf life as they have very low moisture content.
fenugreek leaves have high moisture due to which have limited shelf life of 4-7 days. Drying of
leaves helps in reducing the moisture of leaves and extends the shelf-life to 1-2 years if properly
packaged in different packaging material. Fenugreek seeds and leaves (fresh and dried) is used
in preparation traditional curry. Fresh fenugreek leaves are also utilized to prepare paratha/
chapati after mixing them in wheat flour. Dried fenugreek has several applications in snacks
products i.e. khakahara, Bhujiya, chips, extruded products namkeen, for flavouring. They also
used for seasoning different baked products.

Fenugreek is an annual herb growing to a height of up to 60 cm (20 in). The leaves are pale
green and consist of three leaflets with toothed margins. The whitish flowers are produced
singly or in pairs in April and May. They are followed by bean-like pods 10 to 15 cm (4 to 6 in)
long containing up to twenty smalls, grooved, yellowish-brown seeds. The leaves are rich in the
nutrient’s carotene, vitamin A, ascorbic acid, calcium, and iron. The seeds are composed of
"protein, starch, sugar, mucilage, minerals, volatile oil, fixed oil, vitamins and enzymes". They
smell of curry but are quite bitter and contain coumarin oil. The seeds also contain diosgenin
which is used in the manufacture of oral contraceptives.
 STAGES OF FENUGREEK
Stage-1 : Pick a space to grow your fenugreek. Although some plants are particular in that
they must be planted in tightly controlled conditions, fenugreek can be planted in the soil in your
yard, a twelve-inch planter, or even an aluminum tray filled with dirt. Ideally you want an area
with full sun, but partial shade or even filtered sunlight will also work. Fenugreek does not do
well when transplanted, so either plan to plant your fenugreek in the area where it will mature
from the beginning, or try using a biodegradable pot that you can plant into the ground later.
Stage -2 : Sow the seeds. Sprinkle seeds across the dirt in the areas you want your fenugreek to
grow. Don't worry about making sure that the seeds are even or perfectly spaced. Fenugreek
seeds don't have to be distanced a certain amount of space apart in order to grow properly like
some plants. Some people recommend soaking the seeds in water overnight before you plant
them.

Stage -3 : Cover the seeds with soil. Fenugreek does not need to be buried very deep insoil. In
fact, only .5cm, or ¼ inch, of potting soil provides ample coverage for your fenugreek. You will
want to be sure they're buried so that scavengers like birds will not eat them.
Stage -4 : Water the seeds. In order for the seeds to germinate (that is, begin to sprout), you
will have to water them in the soil. Make sure that the soil is evenly moist. The excess water
should quickly drain away, but you will want to continue to keep it well-moistened over the
coming days. Sometime between the third and fifth days they should start to bud.

Because of the rainy environment that fenugreek adapted to, it's advised that you maintain a
 steady slow drip watering method instead of pouring water on the surface periodically. Not
only will this make water delivery constant and even, it also allows the water to penetrate the
soil deeper and more effectively.

Stage -5 : Watch for pests. Although fenugreek does not suffer from too many pests or
diseases, you may notice a powdery mildew, aphids, or charcoal rot. Use organic pesticides and
avoid over watering to help control any pests or diseases that may try to attack your fenugreek.

➢ Stage -6 : Wait for the seedlings to mature. It takes between 3-4 weeks for the seedlings
to be ready to harvest. You will know that it's time by the height of the sprouts, which should
grow to about 6 inches or 140 mm tall.
Stage -7 : Harvest your fenugreek. Depending on whether you're trying to get leaves or seeds
from your fenugreek you will want to vary how you harvest the plant. For leaves, cut the plant at
the stem a few centimeters above the soil or pull them up by the roots. For seeds, wait for the
pods on the plant to turn yellow, signalling that they've fully ripened, and harvest the seed before
the pod pops open.
Stage -8 : Replant. Some varieties of fenugreek do not regrow after flowering. So if youwant a
constant supply of fresh fenugreek, you should plan to sow seeds every 2-3 weeks, as that is
around the time the current set of plants will die. If you want to reuse the same area, especially
immediately, you'll want to pull up the remains of the plants after harvesting and compost them.
 CONCLUSION
Organic farming, soil richness is kept up and improved by a framework that advances organic
movement and physical and mineral nature of the dirt as a way to give a decent supplement
flexibility of plants. Organic farming yields more nutritious and safe food. The popularity of
organic food is growing dramatically as consumer seeks the organic foods that are thought to be
healthier and safer. Thus, organic food perhaps ensures food safety from farm to plate. The
organic farming process is more eco-friendly than conventional farming. Organic farming keeps
soil healthy and maintains environment integrity thereby, promoting the health of consumers.
Moreover, the organic produce market is now the fastest growing market all over the world
including india. Organic agriculture promotes the health of consumers of a nation, the ecological
health of a nation, and the economic growth of a nation by income generation holistically. India,
at present, is the world’s largest organic producers and with this vision, we can conclude that
encouraging organic farming in india can build a nutritionally, ecologically, and economically
healthy nation in near future. Organic farming yields more nutritious and safe food. The
popularity of organic food is growing dramatically as consumer seeks the organic foods that are
thought to be healthier and safer. Thus, organic food perhaps ensures food safety from farm to
plate. Organic farming increased species richness by about 30% and had a greater effect on
biodiversity, as the percentage of the landscape consisting of arable fields increased. It was
found that organic fields had up to five times higher plant species richness compared to
conventional fields.
India, at present, is the world’s largest organic producers (Willer and Lernoud, 2019) and with
this vision, we can conclude that encouraging organic farming in India can build a nutritionally.
SUBMITTED BY

Sl.No USN Name

1. 4SM21CS013 Arya Sudhakar Badiger

2. 4SM21CS036 Harshitha M

3. 4SM21CS063 Neha M

4. 4SM21CS086 Ruchitha B

5. 4SM21CS100 Siri M

6. 4SM21CS119 Varsha Umesh

7. 4SM21CS0124 Yashaswini C M