Revision of practical Medical

Parasitology for first year

students (INI-105)
By
Seham El-khalil
Assistant lecturer of Medical Parasitology
Under supervision of
Prof.Dr: Manal Zaki Mohamed
Professor of Medical Parasitology and head of Medical
Parasitology department
Q/ Identify?
Formol-Ether concentration technique.
Sedimentation technique:
It includes: - Formol ether
technique:
- Emulsify 1 gm of feces in 7 ml
of 10% formalin in a centrifuge
.
tube and add 3 ml of ether, then
mix well then centrifuge at 3,000
rpm for 1 min.
 Q1/ Identify?

(NIH swab)

Cellophane tape test:

NIH swab (National Institute of
Health) is used to pick up ova of
Entrobius vermicularis from the
perianal area.
Q/Identify ?
Coplin jar used during staining of slides
.
.
➢Firstly, fix the air-dried thin blood smear by
dipping quickly (two dips) in absolute methanol.
➢Let it air dry.
➢ Dilute the Giemsa stain 1 Giemsa : 20
phosphate buffer solution in a clean Coplin jar.
➢ Put the methanol fixed Blood smear in the
diluted Giemsa stain for 20 min.
➢Wash out the stained slides by dipping once or
twice in and out a Coplin jar containing buffered
water or Distilled water.
➢Let the smear dry well in the air.
 Fasciola species egg (Diagnostic stage)

Characters of egg:

Shape: Oval
Size: Large
Shell: Thin
Special character: Operculated
Color: Yellowish brown
Content: Immature ovum
Identify this parasite? Mention its stage?
Q/Identify the parasite and mention its stage?
Schistosoma haematobium egg (Diagnostic stage)

Characters of egg:

Shape: Oval
Size: Large
Shell: Thin
Special character: Terminal spine
Color: Translucent
Content: Mature miracidium

Identify this parasite? Mention its stage?

Schistosoma mansoni egg (Diagnostic stage)

Characters of egg:

Shape: Oval
Size: Large
Shell: Thin
Special character: Lateral spine
Color: Translucent
Content: Mature miracidium
Identify this parasite? Mention its stage?
Infective stage :
Furcocercus cercaria

12
What is the mode of infection
of schistosomiasis?
Penetration of unbroken skin or mucous
membrane (before reaching gastric
acidity) by furcocercus cercariae.

Cercariae
penetrate
human skin

13
. Q/Identify the parasite and
mention its stage?
Schistosoma haematobium egg
Q/Identify the parasite and
mention its stage?

.
Jar containing Taenia saginata
adult:
1. A worm about 4-10 meters.
2. The Scolex is a small rounded
terminal knob.
3. In the middle part of the
worm, squarish mature
segments can be seen.
4. The common genital pores
are lateral and irregularly
alternating.
5. At the broader end of the
worm, gravid segments are
seen.
Taenia Saginata gravid segment
(diagnostic stage):

1. Longer than broad about 0.5x2 cm.

2. Main lateral branches of the uterus

are 15-30 (average 18).

Taenia saginata Egg (diagnostic stage):

1. Size: 40 µm.
2. Shape: spherical with.
3. Shell and Special character: radially
striated thick shell.
4. Colour: yellowish brown.
5. Contents: hexacanth embryo.
18
Q/Identify the parasite and
mention its stage?
 Q/Identify the parasite and mention its
stage?
Taenia saginata gravid segment.
Q/Identify the parasite and mention
its stage?
Hymenolepis nana adult in jar
Hymenolepis nana adult:

1. 1-4 cm.

2. Scolex with four suckers,

rostellum and hooks.

3. Mature and gravid segments

are broader than long and
unilateral genital pores.
 Hymenolepis nana
eggs:
(diagnostic and infective stage)

Size: Small
Shape: Oval or spheroid
Shell: Two shell
Sp. ch.: Emperyophore with 2 polar thickening ,4-8 polar
filaments
Color: Translucent
Content: Hexacanth embryo (onchosphere)
Q/Identify the parasite and mention
its stage?
Hymenolepis nana egg
 Mode of transmission
1- Auto-infection: (External and internal).

2- Hetero-infection: contaminated food and

water.
 General characters
❖ Bilaterally symmetrical, unsegmented, elongated, cylindrical and
rounded in cut section.
❖ Separate sexes, males are smaller than females.
❖ Has a body cavity containing body fluid within which lie the digestive and
reproductive systems.
❖ Nematodes infecting man divided into Intestinal and Tissue
nematodes.
Q/Identify the parasite and mention its
stage?
Ascaris lumbricoides Adult male and
female in jar.
Diagnostic stages
1. Fertilized egg: produced by fertilized
female.
• Size: 60X40µm.
• Shape: oval.
• Shell: thick shell.
• Special character: has a course outer
albuminous mamillated layer
• Colour: yellowish brown.
• Content: immature (contains one cell stage).
2. Unfertilized egg:

• Size: 90X45µm.
• Shape: long and narrow.
• Shell: thin shell.
• Special character: less developed mamillated
layer
• Colour: brown.
• Content: refractile granules.

3. Decorticated egg: If the mamillated layer is lost from

the egg, it is called decorticated.
Q/Identify the parasite and mention its
stage?
Ascaris lumbricoides fertilized corticated
egg
Ascaris lumbricoides (decorticated
,unfertilized and fertilized corticated
eggs )
Adult worms: may be seen in stool, anal area or urine of
female:

Small, spindle shaped worm,

White in colour, It has 2 lateral
cuticular expansions at the anterior
end (alae). Eosophagus is double bulbed

Male: 2-5mm, curved posterior end with single spicule.

Female: 8-10mm with straight pointed tail, vulva opens at
the junction of anterior fourth with the rest of the body.
Q/Identify the parasite and mention its
stage?
E. vermicularis Female .
Egg (Infective and diagnostic stage):

• Size: 50X20µm.
• Shape: plano-convex (D-shape).
• Shell: 2 layer covered by a third outer thin sticky
layer.
• Colour: Translucent.
• Content: Fully developed larva.
Q/Identify the parasite and mention its stage?
E.vermicularis egg
Ancylostoma duodenale

Ancylostoma
dudenale anterior end Ancylostoma duodenale
(Buccal capsule ) male post end.(Copulatory
bursa )
Q/Identify the parasite and mention its
stage?
Ancylostoma duodenale male
posterior end.(Copulatory bursa )
Ancylostoma dudenale Egg Diagnostic
stage

Egg in stool:

• Size: 60X40µm.
• Shape: oval.
• Shell: thin.
• Special character: Blunt poles with empty
space between the shell and contents
• Colour: Translucent.
• Content: immature (4 cell stage).
Q/Identify the parasite and mention its
stage?
Ancylostoma duodenale egg
.
Entamoebahistolytica trophozoite
Entamoeba histolytica quadrinucleatedcyst
Entamoebahistolytica quadrinucleated
cyst
GiardialambliaTrophozoites
Giardia lamblia Cyst stage (DS & IS)

o 9-12x7-9 µm
o Oval
o Clear space (halo)
o 4 nuclei in one pole
Giardialambliacyst
Cryptosporidium oocyst
Leishmania
Leishmania species amastigote
amastigote form
form
Plasmodium vivax ring stage Plasmodium vivax trophozoite
Toxoplasma
Toxoplasmagondii
gondiitrophozoites
trophozoites
 Class: Insecta
1. Mosquitoes
General morphology:
1. Adult measures 3-10 mm in length.
2. Body is divided into head, thorax (three segments, carries
one pair of wings and three pairs of legs) and abdomen
(formed of 10 segments).

Mosquito adult stage

 2. Flies
Musca domestica (House fly)
General characters:
1. The adult fly is grayish, measured 7-10 mm in length.
2. The body is divided into head, thorax (three segments,
carries one pair of wings and three pairs of legs) and
abdomen (4 segments).

Adult Musca domestica

 3. Fleas
General morphology:
1. Wingless insect, brownish in colour.
2. Bilaterally compressed of small size (2-3 ml).
3. The body covered with stiff hairs directed backwardly
(to help the flea to jump anteriorly).
4. The body is composed of head, thorax and abdomen.
5. Have 3 pairs of strong legs.

Adult female Flea

 4. Lice (louse)
Pediculus humanus
❑ Pediculus humanus capitis (head louse)
❑ Pediculus humanus corporis (body louse)

General character:
1. Wingless, measures 2-5mm.
Male smaller than female.
2. Body flattened dorso-
ventrally and is divided into
head, thorax and abdomen.
3. Three pairs of legs ended
with claws.
Male Pediculus humanus
Q/Identify the parasite and mention
its stage?....Mosquito adult stage.
•.
Q/Identify the parasite and
mention its stage?.

Musca domestica adult stage.

Adult female flea
Pediculus humanus(Lice) Pediculus humanus(Lice)
female male

.
Hard tick Adult Sarcoptes scabii
male Adult