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LMS_Part III_Fundamentals of Algebra

fundamental of algebra

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6 views

LMS_Part III_Fundamentals of Algebra

fundamental of algebra

Uploaded by

ganeshandilaxshan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COM 1013

BUSINESS MATHEMATICS
FUNDAMENTALS OF ALGEBRA
PART III

Prepared By S SRITHARAN
FUNDAMENTALS OF ALGEBRA
PART III

CONTENTS
▪Simplifying Algebraic Fractions
▪Solving Simple Equations & Inequalities
LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of this chapter, you will be able to


✓Simplify algebraic fractions
✓Solve Simple equations
✓Solve Simple inequalities
Simplifying Algebraic Fraction
• Algebraic fractions can be simplified using the fundamental
principle of fraction that allows to multiply or divide both
numerator and the denominator of a fraction by the same
nonzero quantity

• The resulting fraction will be equal to the original one


Simplifying Algebraic Fractions
Examples
𝑥 2 −𝑥−6
1)
𝑥 2 −7𝑥+12
Simplifying Algebraic Fractions
Examples
2𝑥 2 +6𝑥−8
2)
8−4𝑥 −4𝑥 2
Examples: Simplify the Fractions
𝑥 2 −4𝑥+4 6𝑥 2 −6
3) 2 ∙ 2
𝑥 +2𝑥−3 𝑥 +2𝑥+8
Examples: Simplify the Fractions
𝑥−5
4) 𝑥 − 3
2𝑥
Examples: Simplify the Fractions
4𝑥
𝑥2 −1
5) 2𝑥2 +8𝑥
𝑥−1
Examples: Simplify the Fractions
𝑥 2 −5𝑥+4 𝑥 2 +2𝑥
6) +
𝑥 2 +2𝑥−3 𝑥 2 +5𝑥+6
Examples: Simplify the Fractions
𝑥 2 +𝑥−5 𝑥 2 −2 −4𝑥+8
7) + + 2
𝑥−7 𝑥−7 𝑥 −9𝑥+14
Exercise: Simplify the following algebraic fractions
𝑡 2 −9 𝑡2
1) 2 ∙ 2
𝑡 +3𝑡 𝑡 −6𝑡+9
2𝑥−2 𝑥 2 −1
2) 2 ÷ 2
𝑥 −2𝑥−8 𝑥 +5𝑥+4
𝑥2 −9
𝑥2 +3𝑥−4
3) 2𝑥−3
1−𝑥2
4) 𝑎 + 𝑏 −1 2
𝑥−1 1
−
𝑥2 +5𝑥+6 𝑥+2
5) 𝑥−7
3 +
3
Exercise: Simplify the following algebraic fractions
𝑥+1 𝑥−1 1
6) 2 − 2 +
2𝑥 +3𝑥−2 3𝑥 +5𝑥−2 3𝑥−1
2 1 3𝑥
7) − +
1+𝑥 𝑥−1 1−𝑥 2
𝑎+2 4
8) + 2 −1
𝑎−2 4−𝑎
1
9) 3
4−
2+𝑥
𝑎 𝑎+1 𝑎 𝑎−1
10) − ÷ −
𝑎−1 𝑎 𝑎+1 𝑎
11) Simplify and express your answer in a form that is free of
radicals in the denominator
5 4
−
2+ 3 1− 2

1+𝑦 1+2𝑧
12) Given that 𝑥 = , and 𝑦 = . Find 𝑧 in terms of 𝑥 only.
2𝑦−1 1−𝑧
Equation
▪ An equation is a statement declaring that two expressions are equal.
▪ The two expressions (two sides: L.H.S & R.H.S) of the statement are
separated by the equality sign, =
▪ An equation may be in one variable (unknown) or more than one
variable
▪ Examples:
✓𝑥 + 2 = 3
✓𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 2 = 0
𝑦
✓ =𝑥+5
𝑦+2
Solve An Equation
• Solve an equation means to find all values of its variable for which the
equation is true
• The values for which the equation is true are called solution of the equation.
▪ Thus, the solution of an equation is simply the value or values of the
variable(s) (unknown(s)) for which the LHS of the equation is equal to the
RHS.
• For example,
▪ The equation 𝑥 + 6 = 10 has the solution 𝑥 = 4.
▪ It can be said that 𝑥 = 4‘satisfies’ the equation.
Solving Simple Equation Involving in One Variable

Method for solving a simple equation


• To solve an equation for an unknown, x, rearrange the equation in order to
isolate the x on one side.
• This may be achieved by a variety of techniques such as:
• Adding/subtracting a number or term to each side
• Multiplying/dividing each side by a number or term (except division by 0).
• It is vitally important to remember that whatever operation is performed on
the LHS of the equation must also be performed on the RHS, otherwise the
equation is changed.
Example
Given the equation 𝑥 + 3 = 2𝑥 − 6 + 5𝑥, solve for 𝑥.
Example

Given the equation (𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 6) = 0, solve for 𝑥.


Example: Solving an Equation
7𝑥+3 9𝑥−8
− =6
2 4
Example: Solving an Equation
3𝑥+2 2(𝑥−2)
− =1
𝑥−1 𝑥+2
Example: Solving an Equation
3
𝑥 − 3𝑥 = 0
Example: Solving an Equation
1 2
+ =5
𝑥 𝑥
Types of Solution of an Equation
• An equation may have
▪A unique solution
▪No solution
▪Infinitely many solutions
• Example:
▪𝑥 + 2 = −5 has an unique solution
2
▪𝑥 + 4 = 0 has no real solution
▪𝑥 + 𝑦 = 3 has infinitely many solutions
Simple Inequalities
• An inequality is a statement in which the expression on the
LHS is either greater than (denoted by the symbol >) or less
than (denoted by the symbol <) the expression on the RHS.
• Examples:
❖5 > 2, 5𝑥 > 3𝑥
• Inequality symbols
> greater than < less than
≥ greater than or equal to ≤ less than or equal to
Manipulating inequalities
• Inequalities may be treated as equations for many arithmetic
operations.
• The inequality remains true
❖when constants are added to or subtracted from both
sides of the inequality sign, or
❖when both sides of the inequality are multiplied or
divided by positive numbers or variables.
• Examples:
❖If 5 < 2, then 5 + 3 < 2 + 3 that is, 8 < 5
❖If 5𝑥 > 3𝑥, 5𝑥 − 2 > 3𝑥 − 2
Manipulating inequalities

• However, when both sides of the inequality are


multiplied or divided by negative numbers or
variables, then the direction of the inequality changes:
> becomes < and vice versa.
• Example:
If the both sides of the inequality 5 > 2 is multiplied
by −2, then 5 −2 < 2(−2)
Solving inequalities
• The solution of an equation is the value(s) for which
the equation statement is true.
❖For example, 𝑥 + 4 = 10 is true when 𝑥 = 6 only.
• On the other hand, the solution of an inequality is a
range of values for which the inequality statement is
true.
❖For example, 𝑥 + 4 > 10 is true when 𝑥 > 6.
Example: Solving Simple Inequalities
Find the range of values for which the following inequality is true,
assuming that 𝑥 > 0.

10 < 𝑥 − 12
Example: Solving Simple Inequalities

Find the range of values for which the following inequality is true:
−75
> 15
𝑥
Example: Solving Simple Inequalities
Find the range of values for which the following inequality is true,
assuming that 𝑥 > 0.
2x − 6 ≤ 12 − 4x

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