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e ISSN: 2584-2137
Vol. 02 Issue: 05 May 2024
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https://doi.org/10.47392/IRJAEH.2024.0181

Multi-Domain Smart Safety Helmet

Kavitha S1, Tammineni Loksai2, Vanna Balaji Naidu3, Shiva kumar4, Venkatesha B5
1
Assistant Professor, Electronics and communication Engineering, Atria institute of technology,
Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
2,3,4,5
UG, Electronics and communication engineering, Atria institute of technology, Bangalore,
Karnataka, India.
Emails: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected],
[email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
Motorcycle accidents and head injuries are critical concerns globally, especially where helmet non-
compliance is prevalent. To address this, a multi-domain smart safety helmet is proposed for rider safety
and accident prevention through advanced sensor technology. This smart helmet integrates sensors like
an MQ-3 alcohol sensor and helmet detection sensors to ensure safety conditions before the motorcycle
engine starts. If alcohol levels exceed a threshold, the ignition system disables, preventing intoxicated
riding. Helmet detection promotes helmet use, reducing head injury risk. The scalable sensor
infrastructure enables multi-domain applications beyond motorcycles. This helmet can integrate into
industries like coal mining and firefighting. In coal mining, it monitors environmental conditions and
worker vital signs. In firefighting, it detects hazardous gases and monitors firefighter status. During
motorcycle operation, the helmet continuously monitors critical parameters—speed, tilt, and
environment—providing immediate feedback on unsafe behaviours. In accidents, the helmet's
accelerometer detects impacts, activating GPS to pinpoint the location and GSM to alert emergency
contacts. This smart helmet aims to enhance motorcycle safety, prevent accidents, and expedite emergency
responses. It represents progress towards reducing motorcycle-related injuries and fatalities, with
adaptable features for broader safety applications across industries and domains.
Keywords: Smart Safety Helmet, IoT, ESP32, ESP-Now Protocol, Motorcycle Safety, Sensor Technology,
Multi- Domain Application, Alcohol Detection, Helmet Compliance, Accident Prevention, Scalable
Sensor, GPS Integration, GSM Technology, Emergency Notifications, Impact Detection, Accelerometer,
Rider Safety Enhancement.

1. Introduction
Road accident has become a huge concern in our streets. Motorcycle accidents pose significant
everyday living. Due to this enormous amount of risks to rider safety, particularly in regions where
population, many people are facing very high safety measures such as helmet usage are
road accident fatalities and official figures frequently neglected. In response to this critical
indicate 60 deaths per 10,000 motor vehicles [1]. concern, innovative solutions leveraging
It is estimated that many bike riders die every- advanced technologies are increasingly being
day in road accidents and due to insufficient explored to enhance motorcycle safety and
information regarding to the accidents, those accident prevention. This paper introduces a
riders cannot be saved as they merely find novel approach through the development of a
helpafter the accident's occurrence. However, Smart Helmet system integrated with Internet of
with the increasing number of people, the Things (IoT) capabilities, specifically utilizing
motorcycles are also increasing on the roads and ESP32 modules and ESP Now Protocol for

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 International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering Hub (IRJAEH)
e ISSN: 2584-2137
Vol. 02 Issue: 05 May 2024
Page No: 1311 - 1317
https://irjaeh.com
https://doi.org/10.47392/IRJAEH.2024.0181

efficient data transmission. The system 1.2. Transmitter Unit

incorporates various sensors for alcohol Embedded within the Smart Helmet, the
detection and helmet status monitoring, coupled transmitter unit incorporates sensors for alcohol
with GPS and GSM technology for location detection and helmet status monitoring [5]. It is
tracking and emergency messaging. By equipped with an ESP32 module responsible for
seamlessly integrating these components, the data processing and transmission. The
proposed system aims to address key challenges communication between the transmitter and
in motorcycle safety, including alcohol-impaired receiver units is facilitated by the ESP Now
riding and timely response to accidents [2]. Protocol, ensuring efficient wireless data
Through detailed exploration of its architecture, transfer. Upon processing sensor data, the
functionality, and potential impact, this paper transmitter unit wirelessly transmits it to the
seeks to contribute to the ongoing efforts in receiver unit, enabling real-time monitoring.
advancing motorcycle safety technology and 1.3. Receiver Unit
reducing the incidence of accidents on the road. Positioned externally, the receiver unit receives,
Furthermore, in addition to addressing these processes, and responds to data transmitted by
challenges, the Smart Helmet system also the transmitter unit. It features an ESP32 module
incorporates scalable sensor capabilities, making for data reception and control, and integrates an
it a multi-domain solution for enhanced rider AI Thinker A9G module for GPS and GSM
safety. By integrating various sensors, including capabilities [6]. The AI Thinker A9G module
those for alcohol detection and helmet status enable location tracking and cellular
monitoring, the system ensures comprehensive communication. In the event of an accident, the
oversight of critical safety conditions before and receiver unit activates the GPS and GSM
during motorcycle operation. This multi-domain modules to promptly send distress signals,
functionality enables the Smart Helmet to adapt including the accident location, to predefined
to diverse safety requirements across different emergency contacts. This cohesive integration of
riding scenarios and environments, further components enhances motorcycle safety and
enhancing its effectiveness in preventing facilitates rapid accident response.
accidents and protecting riders [3]. 2. Method
1.1. System Architecture The multi-domain smart safety helmet is designed
The Smart Helmet system comprises two to enhance safety across various domains and
primary components: a transmitter unit housed environments, with a primary focus on
within the helmet and a receiver unit positioned motorcycle helmet functionality [7]. Central to its
externally. The transmitter unit incorporates design are two ESP32 modules facilitating
sensors for alcohol detection and helmet status seamless communication between the transmitter
monitoring, an ESP32 module, and utilizes the and receiver units. These units incorporate a range
ESP Now Protocol for data transmission. of sensors and modules meticulously integrated to
Conversely, the receiver unit features an ESP32 monitor the rider's safety effectively. The
module, GPS module, GSM module, and an transmitter unit of the ESP32 is equipped withboth
emergency response mechanism. It receives data an IR sensor and an MQ3 sensor. Utilizing theESP
from the transmitter unit, processes it, and Now communication protocol, it establishes
dispatches emergency messages in case of communication between the transmitter and
accidents [4]. Overall, the architecture integrates receiver. Additionally, the sensors integrated into
sensor technology, wireless communication the helmet are adaptable, enabling customization
protocols, and real-time emergency response tosuit different operational domains. The receiver
mechanisms to bolster motorcycle safety. unit complements the transmitter unit's

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 International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering Hub (IRJAEH)
e ISSN: 2584-2137
Vol. 02 Issue: 05 May 2024
Page No: 1311 - 1317
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https://doi.org/10.47392/IRJAEH.2024.0181

functionality by incorporating an LCD display, an essential for real-time tracking and emergency
MPU6050 accelerometer, and an AI Thinker A9G messaging. Communication protocols are
module [8]. The LCD display facilitates user optimized, with the LCD display utilizing I2C
interaction and feedback, while the MPU6050 communication and the AI Thinker A9G module
accelerometer enhances the system's accident employing UART communication for efficient
detection capabilities. Moreover, the AI Thinker data transmission in Figure 1& 2.
A9G module enables GSM and GPS operations

Figure 1 Block Diagram of the Multi Domain Smart Safety Helmet

Figure 3 AI thinker A9g Module

An ESP32 microcontroller processes this data
Figure 2 IR Sensor and uses the ESP Now protocol to wirelessly
The transmitter unit in the Smart Helmet collects transmit it to thereceiver unit. This enables real-
data from sensors like IR and MQ3 for monitoring time monitoring and intervention, ensuring rider
helmet usage and alcohol levels. safety Figure 3.

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e ISSN: 2584-2137
Vol. 02 Issue: 05 May 2024
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3. Flowchart

Figure 6 ESP32 Wroom Module

The use of ESP devices is imperative because of

the employment of ESPNow communication,
which exclusively functions with ESP devices
featuring Wi-Fi capabilities Figure 4,5&6.
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Results
The outcomes involve the creation of a smart
helmet capable of detecting alcohol levels and
helmet usage, thereby preventing intoxicated
Figure 4 Flow Chart of Helmet riding and enhancing safety. Furthermore, it
Operation swiftly notifies emergency contacts in the event of
accidents, enhancing response efficiency and
potentially preventing fatalities. The outcomes of
the smart helmet testing demonstrate notable
advancements in rider safety and accident
prevention. In instances where the helmet is not
worn, the receiver promptly notifies the rider by
displaying "helmet not worn," emphasizing the
importance of safety protocols before riding.
Conversely, upon detecting the presence of the
helmet, the receiver displays "helmet worn,"
affirming proper safety compliance. Furthermore,
the incorporation of the MQ3 sensor enables real-
time monitoring of alcohol levels. If the alcohol
concentration surpasses the predefined threshold
established in the transmitter unit Figure 7,8&9,
the receiver promptly alerts the rider by
displaying "alcohol detected." This immediate
feedback fosters responsible decision-making and
discourages intoxicated riding. The integration of
an accelerometer enhances the smart helmet's
Figure 5 Flowchart of Accident safety capabilities. By continuously monitoring
Detection

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e ISSN: 2584-2137
Vol. 02 Issue: 05 May 2024
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for sudden changes in acceleration, the Table 1 Different User Condition Due to Mq-3
accelerometer can detect potential accidents or Sensor Reading
collisions. In the event of an impact, the receiver
MQ3
alerts the rider, facilitating prompt response and User Condition
sensor
potentially mitigating the severity of injuries. Condition of thebike
reading
Additionally, the AI Thinker A9G module further
enhances the functionality of the smart helmet. By
enabling GSM and GPS operations, it allows for Drunk and
Positive 0
real-time tracking of the rider's location and No Helmet
facilitates emergency messaging in the event of an
accident. This feature ensures timely assistance Drunk and
Negative 0
and intervention, enhancing overall rider safety in Wearing Helmet
Table 1.
Sober and No
Positive 0
Helmet

Sober and
Positive 1
Wearing Helmet

Figure 7 Transmitter and Receiver Unit

Figure 10 If Alcohol Exceeds Limit

Figure 8 If Helmet is Worn

Figure 9 If Helmet is Not Worn Figure 11 If Accident is Detected

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4.2.Alert Test Message Sent to Mobile 4.4. Discussion

In the discussion, we focus on the smart helmet's
effectiveness in enhancing rider safety and
addressing critical challenges. Key points include
its ability to monitor alcohol levels, helmet usage,
and detect accidents in real-time. Additionally, its
emergency response capabilities and user
experience are highlighted. Considering
regulatory compliance and future research
directions, we emphasize collaboration for
continuous improvement in motorcycle rider
safety technology Figure 10,11,12&13.
Conclusion
The multi-domain smart helmet we studied is a
game-changer for motorcycle safety and other
domains of safety helmets. It uses fancy sensors to
keep an eye on things like whether the rider is
wearing their helmet or if the and also monitor its
environment and checks if they have been
Figure 12 If Accident is Detected Alert drinking.If it detects a problem, it can stop the bike
Message from starting and even send out alerts for help in
case of an accident. Looking ahead, we need to
4.3.GPS Location SMS keep improving and working together to make
safety of every individual to have proper safety
environmentand equipment to help them.
Acknowledgement
We would like to express our sincere appreciation
to Prof. Kavitha S for their invaluable guidance
throughout this project. We also extend our thanks
to the participants for their contributions. Lastly,
we commend the efforts of all involved in
developing the smart helmet system. Thank you to
everyone fortheir support and collaboration.
Warm regards,
 Tammineni
 Loksai Vanna
 Balaji Naidu
 Shiva kumar
 Venkatesha B
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 International Research Journal on Advanced Engineering Hub (IRJAEH)
e ISSN: 2584-2137
Vol. 02 Issue: 05 May 2024
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https://doi.org/10.47392/IRJAEH.2024.0181

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