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FACTORING METHODS

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Nargis haidari
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13 views

FACTORING METHODS

Uploaded by

Nargis haidari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FACTORING – WORKED SOLUTIONS

Here’s how to do the different types of Factorisation questions.

1. EXPANDING
a. 3 x ( 5 x +6 ) ¿ 15 x 2+18 x
b. (3 x−12 y)(4 x−2 y )
2 2 2 2
¿ 12 x −6 xy−48 xy +24 y ¿ 12 x −54 xy +24 y
c. 3 x ( 2 x + y ) ( x−2 y ) ¿ 3 x ¿ ¿ 6 x 3−9 x 2 y −6 x y 2
d. Perfect Square ( a+b )2 E.g. ( 2 x+1 )2=( a+b )( a+b )
2 2 2 2
¿ 4 x + 4 x+ 1¿ a +2 ab+ b ( a−b )
( x−2 y )2=( a−b )( a−b ) =
x −4 xy+ 4 y ¿ a −2 ab+b -
2 2 2 2

e. Difference of two squares(a−b)(a+b) E.g.


(7 x−5 y )(7 x+ 5 y )
2 2 2 2
a −b ¿(7 x ) −(5 y)
2 2
no middle factor ¿ 49 x −25 y

2. FACTORISING

a. Greatest Common Factor−GCF


GFC=the product of common prime factors∧vatriables ¿ lowest power .E.g.
3 2 3 2 3 1 2 1 1 2
72 x z+ 60 z can be written as 2 3 x z + 2 3 5 z
product of lowest powers is :2 × 3 × z 5∧x are not commonGFC=12 z So, the
2 1 1

factored out form of 72 x3 z+ 60 z2 =12 z (6 x 3 +5 z)

b. Grouping 10 x 2+5 x +4 x+2 factor out theGCF for each group:


5 x ( 2 x+ 1 )+ 2 ( 2 x +1 ) Now factor out the new GCF 2 x+1( 2 x+1 )( 5 x+ 2 )
E . g .a x +4 a y −3 b x −12 b y ¿ a ( x +4 y )−3 b ( x +4 y )
2 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3

¿ ( x 3 +4 y 3 ) (a2 −3 b)
c. Difference of two squares a2 −b2= ( a−b ) ( a+b )
E.g. 4 x 2−25=( 2 x )2−52=(2 x−5)(2 x +5)
d. Trinomials a x 2 +bx +c where a=1
Choose factors of c such that their sum = b, and their product = c.
E.g.
x −5 x+ 6 Here , the ∑ ( b ) is−5∧the product ( c ) is 6 Factors of 6 are :6 , 1∧3 , 2
2

We choose −3 ,−2 becauseThe ∑ must equal−5 :−3+ (−2 )=−5


¿ the product must equal 6 (−3 ) × (−2 )=6
Note :the ∑ −6+ 1=5 but the product (−6 ) ×1 ≠6

So , we write : Or we write (grouping method) x 2−5 x+ 6


2
x −5 x+ 6
2
¿(x −3)(x−2) ¿ x −3 x−2 x+6
¿ x ( x−3 )−2(x−3)¿(x −3)(x−2)

e. Trinomials a x 2 +bx +c where a>1


Use the cross method, or the grouping method.
E.g.
2
4 x −2 x−6
CROSS METHOD :
2
Factors of a ,∈thus case 4 x , are 4 x , 1 x∧2 x , 2 x
Factors of ,∈this case 6 , are 6 ,1∧3 , 2
We pair these factos vertically on the cross :
2 x−3 gives ( 2 x−3 )

2 x 2 gives ( 2 x +2 )
By trial and error we find the factors on the diagonals of the cross that sum to the
middle term b, in this case −2 x , are : ( 2 x × 2 )+ ( 2 x ×−3 )=4 x−6 x=−2 x
Using the factors horizontally across the cross : 4 x 2−2 x−6¿ ( 2 x−3 ) ( 2 x +2 )
GROUPING METHOD
Take the product of a and c , which are 4 and 6.
4 ×6=24 Then find the factors of 24 - 24, 1 12, 2 8, 3 6, 4
Choose the factors which will sum to b, the middle term, which is −2
We find −6∧4 as−6+ 4=−2
So, rewrite the equation and split the middle term:
2
4 x −6 x+ 4 x−6
Now group factorise:
2 x ( 2 x−3 ) +2 ( x−3 )
We now have a new common factor :
(2 x−3)(2 x+2)

f. FACTORING OUT THE GFC BEFORE FACTORING THE TRINOMIAL


3 2 2
6 x −9 x y−6 x y Factor out the GCF
2 2
¿ 3 x (2 x −3 xy −2 y ) Now factorise the expression in brackets using the cross
method or grouping
¿ 3 x ( 2 x+ y )( x−2 y )
2x 1y

1x −2 y

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