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PU Maths Lecture-1

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PU Maths Lecture-1

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STUDENT COPY

Copyright © MENT◉RS’ PU Math-1 Page 1 Phone: 01329640878 www.mentorslearning.com


TM

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Algebra

Algebra is just like a puzzle.

Initially, we start with something like

"x + 3 = 7"

and we want to end up with something like

"x =?”

Now the question is, how do we solve the problem?

Let’s say there is a number, with which if we subtract 3, we will get 6. We need to find out what the
number is.

In this case, we basically need to find out the number which we don’t know. We will find out the
value using an equation.

For this, we will use this neat step-by-step approach:

✔ We keep "x” on one side of the equation “=” and the other numbers on the other side.

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✔ When we exchange sides in an equation, the values change their signs (Plus-Minus ;
Multiplication- Division vice-versa, i.e., x+3=7, we want to change the side of (+3) from left
side of the equation to right side, then it will be x = 7-3
✔ Finally we find the value of the number considering

Solve this one:

x + 5 = 12
What we want is an answer like "x = ...",

but the +5 is in the way of that!

We send the +5 to the right side of the equation and it will become −5

So, let us have a go at subtracting 5 from 12; x = 12 −5

A little arithmetic (12−5 = 7) becomes: x = 7

Solved!

(Quick Check: 7+5=12)

Find the value of x in the following problems


Level 1
1. 𝑥 + 12 = 36
2. 𝑥 − 31 = 27 − 5
3. 𝑥 + 3 = 2𝑥 − 7
4. 5𝑥 − 3 = 3𝑥 + 5
5. 7𝑦 − 4 = 2𝑦 + 22
𝑥
6. 2
+ 5 = 20
𝑥
7. 5𝑥 + 3
= 48
2𝑥+3 𝑥−2 3𝑥+5 4𝑥+5
8. 4
+ 3
+ 6
= 36
3 1
9. 2𝑥 − 4
(𝑥 + 2) = 2
(3𝑥 − 8)
10. 2(3𝑥 + 1) − 4(𝑥 − 2) = 3(2𝑥 + 5) − 7
11. ( 5 + 1)𝑥 + 4 = 4√5

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Level 2

To solve different algebraic problems we use some algebraic formulas. Formulas are a
general set of rules and resolutions expressed by algebraic symbols.

Formulas related to Square

● (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
● a2 + b2 = (a + b)2 – 2ab
● (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca
● (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2
● a2 – b2 = (a – b)(a + b)
● (a – b – c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 – 2ab + 2bc – 2ca
Formulas related to Cube

● (a + b)3 = a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3


= a3 + b3 + 3ab(a + b)
● (a – b)3 = a3 – 3a2b + 3ab2 – b3
= a3 – b3 – 3ab(a – b)m
● a3 – b3 = (a – b)(a2 + ab + b2)
● a3 + b3 = (a + b)(a2 – ab + b2)

Solve the following problems


2 2
● 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 12 , 𝑎𝑏 = 32; 𝑎 + 𝑏 =?
2 2
● 𝑚 + 𝑛 = 16, 𝑚𝑛 = 60; 𝑚 − 𝑛 =?
1
● 𝑥 = 5, 𝑥
=?
1 2 1
● 𝑥 + 𝑥
= 8, 𝑥 + 2 =?
𝑥
1 4 1
● 𝑥 − 𝑥
= 5, 𝑥 + 4 =?
𝑥
2 2
● 𝑥 + 𝑎 = 15, 𝑥 − 𝑎 = 135, 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎.
1 3 1
● 𝑥 + 𝑥
= 12, 𝑥 + 3 =?
𝑥
3 3 3
● 3𝑥 + 𝑥
= 9, 3𝑥 + 3 =?
𝑥
1 5 1
● 𝑚 + 𝑚
= 5, 𝑚 + 5 =?
𝑚

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Exercises

1. If x² – y² = 27. Then 3(x+y)(x-y) = ?


(A) 81 (B) 36 (C) 27 (D) 24 (E) 9
2. What is the value of (x-2). When 3x-5 = 1?
(A) 5/3 (B) 1 (C) 2/3 (D) 1/3 (E) 0
3. When x² - 3x + 2 = 0 and x² – x – 2 = 0, what is the value of x?
(A) -2 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 1 (E) 4
4. If x/(y + 1) = 2/5, then y = ?
(A) 2x/5 (B) 2x/5 + 2/5 (C) 2x/5 + 1 (D) 2x/5 -1 (E) None of these
5. If a + b = √5 and a − b = √3, then a² + b² = ?
(A) 8
(B) √8
(C) 6
(D) 4
6. If (x - y) = 1 and xy = 2, then x3−y3=?
(A) 7
(B) 9
(C) 11
(D) 18
(E) 29

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Level 3 Inequality
It is always not true that both the sides of an equation will always necessarily be equal. The condition
might say that one side may be greater than or less than the other side.

Some important signs:

▪ “ > ”- Greater than ; if x>y, it means x is greater than y. (5>3)


▪ “ < ”- Less than ; if x<y, it means x is less than y. (3<5)
▪ “≥”- Greater than or equal to ; if x≥y, it refers x is greater than y for sure and
may or may not be equal to y.

▪ “≤”- Less than or equal to ; if x≤y, it refers x is less than y for sure and may or
may not be equal to y.\

Solve the following inequalities


1. 5x−3 < 2x+9.
2. 3(x−2) > 63(x - 2)
3. −2x+7≤ 15-2x
4. 4−x ≥ 2x+14
5. 3x+4 ≤ 10-3x
6. x2−5x+6 > 0.

Exercises
1. If x > z and y < -z, where z is a positive integer, then which of the following must be
true?
(A) x/y > 1
(B) x/y < -1
(C) x/y < 0
(D) x + y > 0
(E) None of these

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2. If x and y are integers and -2 < x < 5 and -5 < y < 7, what is the greatest possible
value of |y - x|?
(A) 6
(B) 7
(C) 8
(D) 9
(E) None of these
3. If x > y > 1, which of the following must be greater than x?
(A) 7y/5x
(B) x/(2y - x)
(C) (x + y)/y
(D) 6x/(y + 5x)
(E) None of these
4. If x < 10 and 5y - 2x = 0, which of the following must be true?
(A) y > -2
(B) y < 4
(C) y > 3
(D) y > 4
(E) None of these

5. If -3t + 8 ≤ t - 6, then
(A) t > 1
(B) t < 7/2
(C) t > 7/2
(D) t > -7/2
(E) t < -7/2

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Short Quiz
1. x² + y² = 34 and x - y = 4, then x + y = ?
(A) 6 (B) 7 (C) 8 (D) 9 (E) 10
2. What is the value of (2x + 1) when 4x - 7 = 5?
(A) 3 (B) 5 (C) 7 (D) 9 (E) 1
3. If x² + 2x - 8 = 0 and x² - 3x = 0, what is the value of x?
(A) -4 (B) 2 (C) 0 (D) 3 (E) 1
4. If x/(y - 3) = 4/7, then y = ?
(A) 7x/4 + 3 (B) 4x/7 + 3 (C) 7x/4 - 3 (D) 4x/7 - 3 (E) None of these
5. If a + b = √7 and a − b = √2, then a² + b² = ?
(A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 7 (D) 9 (E) 8
6. If (x - y) = 2 and xy = 3, then x³ − y³ = ?
(A) 5 (B) 7 (C) 11 (D) 13 (E) 17
7. If x > w and z < -w, where w is a positive integer, then which of the following must be
true?
(A) x/z > 1 (B) x/z < -1 (C) x/z < 0 (D) x + z > 0 (E) None of these
8. If x and y are integers and -3 < x < 6 and -6 < y < 5, what is the greatest possible
value of |y - x|?
(A) 9 (B) 10 (C) 11 (D) 12 (E) 13
9. If x > y > 2, which of the following must be greater than y?
(A) 5y/4x (B) x/(3y - x) (C) (x + y)/x (D) 7x/(y + 6x) (E) None of these
10. If -4t + 9 ≤ t - 5, then
(A) t > 2 (B) t < 5/2 (C) t > 5/2 (D) t > -5/2 (E) t < -5/2

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Answers Sheet

Exercise 1.1:

1(A) 2(E) 3(D) 4(D) 5(D) 6(B)

Exercise 1.2:

1(B) 2(C) 3(C) 4(B) 5(B)

Exercise 1.3:

1(D) 2(A) 3(B) 4(A)

Short quiz:
1(C) 2(A) 3(B) 4(B) 5(C)
6(D) 7(B) 8(C) 9(C) 10(B)

10

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