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7 views21 pages

My Ology

Uploaded by

mudassarhussain9456645
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Myology

Department of Medical Lab Technology


Content

• Myology - Muscles of the Upper Limb

• Introduction to the muscle groups involved in connecting the upper limb to the axial
skeleton, shoulder joint, axilla, arm, forearm, and hand.

• Additional structures: Retinacula, Palmar Aponeurosis, Flexor Tendon Dorsal Digital


Expansion.
Pectoralis Minor
• Function: Stabilizes the scapula, assists in deep inspiration.
Muscles • Origin: Ribs 3–5
• Insertion: Coracoid process of scapula.

Connecting Serratus Anterior


• Function: Protracts scapula, holds it against thoracic wall, helps in upward rotation.
Upper Limb • Origin: Upper 8 or 9 ribs.
• Insertion: Anterior surface of medial border of scapula.

to Axial Trapezius
• Function: Elevates, retracts, and rotates the scapula.

Skeleton • Origin: Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7–T12.


• Insertion: Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula.
Levator Scapulae
• Function: Elevates scapula.
• Origin: Transverse processes of C1–C4.
• Insertion: Superior angle of scapula.
Rhomboids (Major and Minor)
• Function: Retracts and rotates scapula downward.
• Origin: Spinous processes of C7–T5.
• Insertion: Medial border of scapula.
Deltoid
• Function: Abducts, flexes, and extends the shoulder.
• Origin: Clavicle, acromion, and scapular spine.
• Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus.

Muscles Supraspinatus (Rotator Cuff)


• Function: Initiates abduction of the arm.

Around • Origin: Supraspinous fossa of scapula.


• Insertion: Greater tuberosity of humerus.

Shoulder Infraspinatus (Rotator Cuff)


• Function: Laterally rotates the arm.

Joint • Origin: Infraspinous fossa of scapula.


• Insertion: Greater tuberosity of humerus.
Teres Minor (Rotator Cuff)
• Function: Laterally rotates the arm.
• Origin: Lateral border of scapula.
• Insertion: Greater tuberosity of humerus.
Subscapularis (Rotator Cuff)
• Function: Medially rotates the arm.
• Origin: Subscapular fossa of scapula.
• Insertion: Lesser tuberosity of humerus.
Anterior Wall

Muscles: Pectoralis major and minor.


• Function: Act in shoulder flexion, adduction, and internal rotation.

Posterior Wall

Walls and Muscles: Subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi.


• Function: Internal rotation, extension, and adduction of the arm.

Contents of Medial Wall

Axilla Muscles: Serratus anterior.


• Function: Protraction and stabilization of the scapula.

Lateral Wall

Muscles: Biceps brachii, coracobrachialis.


• Function: Flexion of the arm at the elbow and shoulder.

Contents:
• Axillary artery and vein, brachial plexus, lymph nodes, fat, and nerves.
Biceps Brachii
• Function: Flexes the elbow, supinates the forearm.
• Origin: Short head (coracoid process), long head (supraglenoid tubercle).
• Insertion: Radial tuberosity.
Brachialis
Muscles in • Function: Primary flexor of the elbow.
• Origin: Distal half of the anterior surface of humerus.
the Brachial • Insertion: Coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity.
Coracobrachialis
Region • Function: Flexes and adducts the arm at the shoulder.
• Origin: Coracoid process.
• Insertion: Medial side of humerus shaft.
Triceps Brachii
• Function: Extends the elbow.
• Origin: Long head (infraglenoid tubercle), lateral head (posterior
humerus), medial head (posterior humerus).
• Insertion: Olecranon process of the ulna.
Flexors:
• Flexor Carpi Radialis: Flexes and abducts wrist.
• Flexor Carpi Ulnaris: Flexes and adducts wrist.
• Flexor Digitorum Superficialis: Flexes the middle
phalanges.
• Flexor Digitorum Profundus: Flexes distal phalanges.
Muscles of • Palmaris Longus: Tenses the palmar aponeurosis.

the Forearm Extensors:


• Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus and Brevis: Extend and
abduct the wrist.
• Extensor Carpi Ulnaris: Extends and adducts the wrist.
• Extensor Digitorum: Extends the fingers.
• Extensor Pollicis Longus and Brevis: Extends the
thumb.
Thenar Muscles (thumb):
• Abductor Pollicis Brevis: Abducts the thumb.
• Flexor Pollicis Brevis: Flexes the thumb.
• Opponens Pollicis: Opposes the thumb.
Hypothenar Muscles (little finger):
Muscles of • Abductor Digiti Minimi: Abducts the little finger.
• Flexor Digiti Minimi: Flexes the little finger.
the Hand Opponens Digiti Minimi: Opposes the little finger.
• Lumbricals: Flex the metacarpophalangeal joints and extend
the interphalangeal joints.
Interossei:
• Dorsal: Abduct fingers.
• Palmar: Adduct fingers.
Flexor Retinaculum:

Structure:
• Dense band of connective tissue across the palm.

Function:
• Keeps tendons in place, preventing bowstringing.

Location:
• Forms the roof of the carpal tunnel.

Retinacula Extensor Retinaculum:

Structure:
• Thick band across the back of the wrist.

Function:
• Holds tendons of extensor muscles in place.

Location:
• Located on the posterior side of the wrist.
Function:
• A thick, fibrous connective tissue
structure in the palm.
• Protects underlying structures (e.g.,
tendons, nerves, blood vessels).
Palmar • Helps in gripping by transmitting force
Aponeurosis to the fingers.

Clinical Significance:
• Dupuytren’s contracture can affect the
palmar aponeurosis, leading to fixed
flexion of the fingers.
Structure:
• A fibrous structure on the back of each finger that
allows for coordinated finger extension.
Flexor
Function:
Tendon
• Distributes the force of tendon contractions across the
Dorsal Digital fingers for smooth movement.

Expansion Components:
• Central slip: Extends the proximal interphalangeal joint.
• Lateral bands: Assist in extending the distal phalanx.
Clinical Relevance:
• Mallet finger results from damage to the central slip,
preventing finger extension.
Thank You

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