Cae eka. ? 7 ebelore Nnis Wok tsi sHaisia en Deri voties ¥-S of when ore. of more hydroqen atoms oF aliphatic ov aremmlic., hycroterbarbms | ave. ceplacect by the cores poncting nyeb halogen ekoms lek, By, in), thenJ the Mew compounds obbained ave called , Halogem aleminaties, a) Aliphodié hydrocarbons &- pa Alighakic hydrocarbons — ave organic. Cornpound 5 a sma up of Corben = hydrogen atoms gana coc in __staight chain or Seat tte “ae wes De a on ) a i ° Rateeadl he Tate ale ot ok @: Arcom elie! hydro Corrbantikg— so © bh -These crenails o or ot made of ag caovban ¢ hy odom 8 4 omiemgess in ing i Ae.oo Ye_gorhpe cada i. Mace US tan NSE ls) nothinabut chemicol compo __which F contain Jrewrbom= hydrogen Hea __Sompomd g Tl Fs asabstance fort ave Chemicatty bonded together. 4 <3. pure water “H705) VY made from 2 hycregen oxgaen: , £ a pelassiication of halogen denivetese- 5s _ Ralogen “clerivelites sof hydrocaybe = ove Telassied mainly in 400 ewooys, a. On dn basig of “hydrocarbon 'ske Te “wich Halogen By, 61,2) albm ig =i bende, z Pd : bon| b.~wOn she basis o} mumbex 0 § ha ainms, hedeg em clenrivabives or Mon G = neloge Hoi = asbog ern 2 2. Chych-K — i- bh 24 Mono—hologem = _aslyi halon end. campoure) « o- par Com Poursahy x cE Hach i Cu c es me - i w B) N-Ginelogern compourd, Ls ChaecH— che | 3 - t ge 57g aide idem x % ClaSStealion of mondhedoge ny or aoe ohalegem compounds ave Ferather classi a on Ahe basis of po robog ¢ £ pe o oN 6 hhich hologe™ is jottached,- “seis Aypes of hk ai adh bao PS LSiGelw2sS 12x hy aPtae ate aA ad | LL Copp EE ab ees i fol flake =< Abb palides Ov. Nake nalog tm Anis Baca > NhWess J Matto’ , _appeay 8.0 cate prek a < ane: prety of ne molecule’s Mame is based on hen murmben 05, gerbe atoms Six cavbon im chain px ix ne 2s bshleh Qe ote pitts: aviel, mames, ose Solvents CH¢la f cl ib + Te Rtg =ehlore form Ccly, =. Covloon tetrachloride. — Methods ofVY OH a202 Wy cobrémicAcish CHP) is used. B “erp agelymtde ee ot ocala eel He CE OWE Hen Sl ile cnet oo . 4 “ - j Prtimony alcoho! re R= on) HB > Ro By bho - 4 pviamony/ aly |) Bromide can.elso be prspared te meachoy) with Moby $hace ee Alby] Aodieles mes nase ead ey eatin alcohols LSE sodium s zr potas ium fodide In ssl. phos phoyte add, p+ ot =H Tis TEES f= LT t+ to - db. By feted phod howous vocildcleet @-' Anis Dita lianaMide. meyp be ir by Gettin of 4 phosphorous yolide m7 _aleohel ~ @ Phosphorous pemlachleyicles _meccks goin) a ep pelaatos Dine alkyl chlovice. fi phe Gee edad RG} pops" Pel ba ke ci Hcl ¢ Pod) | - Alcohol phosphorous caller) hlevide 2h ahhh a pendachion lenis 2 opt Bob is ee ‘ ane iaggant The by procluchs oblained ave "W9 meed to pot extra off is he {ts__Sepayotin. ee sasck BS a6) Asay # MH CH cH -6=0H +Soc), ES the tHe paimos aioe) + So, wT e Pe O77 hy crvo contbon oe é s Aley | Inalides ove Roemed froma” Sotuveled "as well a8 unsalwohed , Ly drocevbons by corieus react ons | LinSaturated hydyocavben 2 BM, a Vuynes We carbon compomd hati double bond ox Axiple bond bet oe raters en seolleel | ain Seer ed ke rote EB Sakata eBid ce, The carbon. compound hai: Gingle bond bel 'Cayban € hy Leolied Yemsolevated hydro cevbgn: 1 Addition of hy evo Ein OTe to alone : Alkyl haltdes save fovmeél | addition “of “hydrogen halide to alk “Chydronetogenation)| a fs reachiy | a Hob > Nay ~_WarkouniKevs qule g— Pied : hen _an_unsymmebrea Teagent (CHa ie Chet my 15: odded ieee _a\keme, Une meg otive port (x2)ngf ane meokennth gets . Vaktouhed to the Carboy eoWCh Conries lés3 pmbey of 0: of RSMEN cobrries es perbew Thy drogen Pee APs SLOT 3 APP, i= Markownikon addition ov pevoxide effect or ekhavasth- Moyo e PPech the addition of Bar to umn syne trices Keme fm the presencerof anic peroxide ( R=0-0-2) takes clade in the oppesite oriemlation fo dhedu oe Markownikow’S vole | a, Ors Ot = Gh 4H H-= By Celts) ,93- _ Pore pene __ Bem2ay| peroxide Cunsymmehical)s tocamen, cid. - By y la d Pappibecs Bromopropane . — Raddition of “ubferricl acd s or A)cemnes smeack with cold con cemboted Gul plus ci) asia $0! Form alkyl hydrogen dé ( ROS0sH). : 2 The jaclelttion! takes eplace acc sol ae 0 mavKowmspov's edes tt wilt ie eS am dhe ose 080, tH SupassbeslSSS eee Se SCH gE OH Sars | er, 5 CHa Ho Problem 40.1 8b Row / wie Jou. obtain: \=by owe = J amePyley clo hexane From alk write possible. S'Hockwes al eem ‘ 8 the Teachon involied. cha, Use your i broin eae em i, CHa =CH = CH a ae eZ NEN, 2 ipropeme ri ee ‘ 3 yee tie CHa —C SiG icha 7 Rena po aren but-2-ene sn)Bre ccae : = T aT a = © pO tA hos fe CM 2 ey Peroni : aha, 2 Stems __2 = Methyl sbulkee 9 see - —2y _ottt (miquat) Ye Neoeem Reparae gs ? v Ay | Rocidles, ES prsporte as COANE jenty by weating calky| ochiovides» o75 bromides volt oe fockiche i, yr oy acetone Solution, uPresipiisls «sepaveat cel by $i) ako. Rac \ANak Aces eT ep noc cf, “Thisutéact ma _bimnowmni a3 piecip\ tek Hinkel Stein ofeaction . @ » Aley | Aisoridess | Grey prepaved by ee alkyl chlonide oxy bromides: with meted Auyides ssuch as hak tigaFay As a Sb Fg ek. Aix art dig Fuss pee ps SE gel | the re achimn #5. brown gers nso ee Swort2, cveadkimM. Pat + cheat onal sSubstijwhon a ; A Ascy\. chiovide $. bromides prepared by au t Nologemohon of bems G its / eee N HHhrvetsgeh elecbrophi stikiio. Sy dark onrclinony temp. Qusith lewis act Solalys4 “lise fe peeee €or Ls oe Shit -ts ine y) oad LS expe 4 “4 eam) oy Es =a A a al aE to aed PIG PO Ee ve: <<) e anon C oa r - ie ree we & \.< at Bas 7 . hiusueCar bon shads ecaik, and 5. I - Peer aes ae ole oi all aie ) ole- olathe haleden alos 1 wk | ae inti ha emai easeSa, ie cht Ae as ok+_ t Fe Psd : gs Se. 07") t Ar ‘ oa a ~ Ta) FEN r m ins FiProblern aloe 2 . = ao ‘BoiVing poi INWEOSC 1091 NO ORE OS Sr Sine Oy eo} alog en olom Ajuen by/pk. 194 6S 243.3 2776.92 Sista. problem Arena <. the! fo\jousi Compoundsh in otden, nf of Increasing) —bailingepeitnts ¢ 4 bvremofeym CCH Brg) cht oxtdimeltione (CHacl). dibromomethane € CHa Bro) bromomethane SH Bo) pipe OHS mendes Sing order of baiting Points i “ 2! Creel Ae Comipound ss sist sare! db phased ‘of Ox optically activeicdmpound &— >The compounds eohich: ope tates. Anes plane oki plane polarized Light nai we optical IMackve compound e+ oe: wwclh ra not wofedes, She plone “oF polarized Light +7 es 6. compotma which olates | tne ec lene polavized: light socourds.cei balled dextrovers 0 eeBs Acompoynd whidh Golades plone ct j plone _aps\ovize qf ight Yousencls left § 1 eatied lagyoyd toby symloo} is ¢ FT. Optical \e@omervism 2 3 "am lSemnenism im which jsomep Compounds Neue aikheyent. ppitcad acHutky AS Tyomousn OS opitral (6 orig ist. NP ry cam tT Ae PRahae. = C) y eeTHe Spiel (Serene wenen ave Som aSuperimposable MBAWSY Vmaqee of each other ove called enanti Oy _emankiornpy phe oF optics ami pedes B® By equi moloy wintuye of emontoness Edextrovotatory , 6 laevovotatoy) 15 Called yacemile modification oY rede TIC / mixture. A racemic modification is nem os CGD) ov Poy cay ee B_ chemical properties + lo Lab. ra Aest of Noloolkemes g= 7 when | Haloalkames seacts with cr Sodierm oy potassium hydro yide the convalemtly tonded hologen in hatoal As Converted Wo halide era porn R-* + BHO —> p- oH +x A whem Anis reaction mixture ISI ea Fed by Bee dilute: silver) ni gSMihue err Be oki gm 3) ss we, Bie 01 foo ded) 6 9 {gi Ag laced) trpng eau PYVodue ODIs yo nonce. bys idization uof Anat J Carbon the: meaction, 35 codec), 7 oSebsiekKo er epee? 2 p get EA Oe Rae O! , Potybridive. . Spachybridize ualky) heidie. ? Con neato Ce © Combat {Sup ostinielyp ¢ pel Nor zee Sh ameams e hat prilic combnd ad £2 |e dhey shone soedernsyp to a ith, a alndleophile._ 4, roohili \j@r Reus ewe. chargé oh Tebyrof put __ electron deficient (hae w ickorn oy X a 2 elom: HB sca eal ahah ophibic. $3 DF eledan sea oy a oak esowts is coltecl pacteop ule: A\VY| hoNides - ceo esl Os Saviaky me pi ucleo philes oto: gies Suseleop hile saab shire 09 A coh air, G chad on ede "soa gl eehieee alates phy 4 i clas stuacomime coll x ¢ Baa SN err Yr ee ee eae Te? err Pk. aif Sui ail Feber sie ipo) ae Geckos A. Subshiteaktmn Shaker st evleenl 2 Pre: order, cteatha it mae 2) An 4 [hoki P © oh sich cies oly iyi i=—3._Mechmism of Sp creackton fe Sq= 2 mecWanism © Em you Te cal , \e what 78 Neamt toy order 6 molec Q Teactorn , order oa 3S sum of joowers of concentyaHm terms in m rote Pequahone 7 ND etalon ofeach 7S ahanbs of mmolecules! Jor lems vor jos aha hs in rate determing Ae ei 2S Fe i Molerstavitg (2) 8 2. Whet is meat / by mechanism of chemical) veacko-! 1 jhe Teaction mechanisny desevibe Ane sequence of elementeny reactions ited cams sccave 18 ere vreadont its products. a cei ta > \e Su - 2 Mechanism 8+ The. creaction belweena Melty) C Cha Br) + hydroxide: ion, 40 oe methane Vows ‘and order Vidinees e the vote ofahis feaadim Pee idepemds 07 Con cena gy OT. sceachirg species, GO) ractigl b i g thy avo wiehehe yd tf brace catlesd subse ah aoe wees SNe eri ! Je¥ gen ckigh ia ic, BY gi 3a lan, wae oT; ern also bee coltsel tines ig loeo “ane. Teche M\y tein Sewchones ove. bi coat & eit, intluence. maxes rok “0 io) = PSOE ht RO acta ie iz both Fentof Bask ra s as zi eed asthe: 7 Feeiwest lok Sad =e o Sie Step mechonisMes o Barkside oktack of giucleophile — 5 Tine Mxcleoplile Vokkask's. the Py EKO ot, Gubbshijukion FrongAne sie opposite to thot @fothe oes sosp-(BT 2.20, Lis re. SAJO Cs BR t Bala ei EEE Ss i — Chincteneee — lt Riphen| 44 A x Nuclenphilte Subsiite Hon Seat he @_Asyi Welides Shows Vow ireacHivity dowWeatds sabe BS Schstitehon ov éecchg Weachoms i 5 fh ji which js dive to A. ee effect | ite Sp hy brid. Stabe a ee C ftesonance effects i- is Prockced In a ynolecule | duiCc. Eleckopwihe substiton in ereplfalides Ac\ ‘halides wndergo electrophilic subshi kin reach. Slowly OS compared fo. bemzene. ‘ i : ils On ere + is cenvied ne by creacting cael Biker wold helo sem. in _ pre Stmce 2 gutic “Belk OS Zs a ers Chlewols emzene. 4 Py healing Kao HERE with conc. HNos ; im Upresence 76F cones Ho Soy. alcl i i —— é cs E aN x moo cl + Rasoy Le) ae oe L=chlorohenemse _'SO5H Su fonic ade. 4= hero Sulfonic acid, ehlovbbonsen e Fa mu <¢} Wo Friedel Crafts readion & __ EA is Jeomied oak by trealing haleonene esith alkyl chlovide or J acy) chloride jm presence of emhydrous filcla ds @ calalyst. Bh cl Ct He Ay CH - cl aahyd: x me ZY ey Alcla kel ae Ha (-chlovotelueme chlovebenzene 4~ Chioro-~ ct a Foluene. Clig—e =cl chlovrobemzene ea a . c 0. on _ 7. ams ee at | = F~ He \- Chloroacefophenmne 4 — Chlovocetophemone . 10.4, Deleted. From syblubus-