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Dc Motor Oct 2024

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9 views28 pages

Dc Motor Oct 2024

Uploaded by

nfatihah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DC Machines

EPE 491
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DC Machines

There are 2 types of DC machines:-


■ DC generator
■ DC motor
■ At present its use as a generator is limited because
of widespread use of AC power.

■ The machine is therefore, extensively used as


motor in industry
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Construction DC Machines
The machine consists of 2 parts:-

Stator

■ Have poles

■ The poles are excited by DC current


to produce magnetic fields

Rotor

■ Has a ring-shaped laminated iron-


core with slots.

■ Coils with several turns are placed


in the slots.
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DC Machines

2 types of winding :

1. Armature winding

2. Field winding
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Armature winding

■ Voltage is induced on it

■ Placed on the rotor

■ Winding arrangement depends on how the coils are


connected to form a closed winding. 2 basic possibilities:-
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Armature winding

a) Wave connection

■ 2 parallel paths regardless no of poles

■ Suitable for high voltage, low current DC machine

b) Lap connection

■ For a p pole machine, has p parallel path

■ Suitable for high current, low voltage DC machine


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Field winding

■ Carry dc current to create magnetic field

■ Mounted on the poles (stator)

■ Subdivided into:-
Separately excited winding
▪ No direct connection between field & armature windings

Self-excited winding
▪ Has a direct connection between field & armature windings
▪ It can further be subdivided into: shunt, series, compound
excitation
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EMF Generated
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Principle of Operation- DC Motor
DC motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
Its operation can be described as follows:

■ The armature winding is connected to a dc power supply

■ Current flows through the armature winding

■ At the same time, the field winding is also connected to a dc power


supply. (Hence, the stator becomes an electromagnet).

■ Since armature is within a magnetic field, a force is exerted on the


windings.

■ This force causes the rotor to rotate.

■ As the rotor rotates, its winding will cut the flux causing emf to be
generated on the armature winding.

■ The induced voltage is called counter emf because its polarity


always acts against the source voltage.
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Types of DC Motor

The type of dc machines is classified according to the way in


which their fields are excited:

① separately excited .

② self-excited.
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Separately Excited Winding
■ When the dc field current is supplied by an external source,
the machine is said to be separately excited.

■ There is no direct connection between field & armature


circuits

■ Equivalent circuit for a separately excited dc motor is given


as below:
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Self-Excited Winding
■ There is a direct connection between the armature and the
field winding.

■ The armature winding will provide the current to create the


magnetic field.

■ It may be classified as:


a) Series excitation
b) Shunt excitation
c) Compound excitation
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Series excitation

Field winding is connected in series with the armature winding


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Shunt excitation

Field winding is connected in parallel with the armature


winding
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Compound excitation

Field winding is connected in series & parallel with the


armature winding
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Example 2

Find the armature current and the counter emf for a shunt motor
running at 1500 rpm at 51A with a 120 V source, 120 Ohm field
winding and 0.1 Ohm armature resistance.
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Power Flow Diagram

■ Illustrates power flow from input to output

■ Represented as a fishbone. The branches indicate losses

■ In general, Pin = Pout + losses and the losses are given as


follows:
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Losses

Losses

Copper Iron etc


Losses Losses
Fiction

Mechanical
Stray Losses

Armature Windage
Copper Losses
Field Copper
losses
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Power flow diagram – Series Motor
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Power flow diagram - Shunt Motor
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Power flow diagram - Compound Motor
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Power equation in DC Motor
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Motor Torque
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Efficiency
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Speed regulation

■ Speed regulation in a motor is good if the speed of the motor


is relatively constant over its normal range.

■ It is usually expressed as a percentage of full-load speed


given by:
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Example 3

A 150V shunt motor has the following parameters:-

Ra = 0.50Ω Rf = 150Ω rotational loss = 250 W

On full-load, the line current is 19.5A and the motor runs at 1400
rpm. Determine:

a) The developed power

b) The output power

c) The output torque

d) The efficiency at full-load


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Example 3
A 150V shunt motor has the following parameters:-

Ra = 0.50Ω Rf = 150Ω rotational loss = 250 W

On full-load, the line current is 19.5A and the motor runs at 1400
rpm. Determine:
𝑃𝑀 = 𝐸𝐴 𝐼𝐴
a) The developed power 𝐼𝐿 = 19.5 𝐴

Step 1: Draw Equivalent Cct 𝐼𝐿 = 𝐼𝐴 + 𝐼𝐹


𝑉𝑇 150
𝐼𝐹 = = =1𝐴
𝑅𝐹 150
𝐼𝐴 = 19.5 − 1 = 18.5 𝐴

𝐸𝐴 = 𝑉𝑇 − 𝐼𝐴 𝑅𝐴 = 150 − (18.5)(0.5)

𝐸𝐴 = 140.75 𝑉
𝑃𝑀 = 𝐸𝐴 𝐼𝐴 = 140.75 18.5 = 2603.875 W
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Example 3
A 150V shunt motor has the following parameters:-

Ra = 0.50Ω Rf = 150Ω rotational loss = 250 W

On full-load, the line current is 19.5A and the motor runs at 1400
rpm. Determine:
𝑃𝑀 = 𝐸𝐴 𝐼𝐴

b) The output power

𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝑃𝑚 − 𝑃𝑢 = 2603.875 − 250


𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 2353.875 𝑉𝑇 150
𝐼𝐹 = = =1𝐴
𝑅𝐹 150
c) The output torque 𝐼𝐴 = 19.5 − 1 = 18.5 𝐴
60𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡
𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝐸𝐴 = 𝑉𝑇 − 𝐼𝐴 𝑅𝐴 = 150 − (18.5)(0.5)
2𝜋𝑁
60(2353.875) 𝐸𝐴 = 140.75 𝑉
𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡 = = ______𝑁𝑚
2𝜋(1400)
𝑃𝑀 = 𝐸𝐴 𝐼𝐴 = 140.75 18.5 = 2603.875 W

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