Bicol University

College of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department
A.Y. 2022 – 2023

DESIGN OF A PLUMBING SYSTEM

A Final Project in ME 411

Design of Building Piping Systems and Air-conditioning Duct Works

Barcelon, Valyrie A.
Cornelio, Marian A.
Lomerio, Jamaica M.
Malano, Joanna M.
Regoroso, Hannah Olivia
BSME 4A

Engr. Agerico U. Llovido, PME

Professor
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Floor Plan 1

Tank Sizing 3

Cold Water Pipe Sizing 5

Water Pump Sizing Design 11

Drainage and Vent Piping Design 16

Septic Tank Design 16

Storm Drainage Design 18

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1. TANK SIZING
The table below indicates 24 hours storage requirements related to commonly used
fittings.

Storage Capacity per Fitting

Type of Fixture
liters gal

Basin 90 23

Bath 900 207

Garden watering tap 180 47

Shower 140 - 230 36 - 60

Sink 90 - 180 23 - 47

Urinal 110 29

WC 180 47

Water tank sizing:

Water storage each,

Fixtures Quantity Water storage, L
L

Ground Floor

Lavatory 3 90 270

Water Closet 3 180 540

Laundry Sink 3 90 270

Kitchen Sink 3 90 270

Washing Machine 3 170 510

Shower 3 140 420

Second Floor

Lavatory 6 90 540
3
Water Closet 6 180 1080

Shower 6 140 840

Total 4740 Liters

1252 Gallons

Minimum Total Storage Capacity = 4740 Liters

For Roof Deck Water Tank = (2/3)( 4740 L) = 3160 L
Use Bestank SS Tank = 3228 L (Horizontal)
Diameter = 1.42 m
Length = 2.26 m
Total Height = 1.69 m
Ground Floor Water Tank = 4740 L - 3228 L = 1512 L or 1.512 m3
3
√1.512 𝑚3 = 1.15 𝑚
Length = 1.15 m
Width = 1.15 m
Height = 1.15 m + 0.3 m free board = 1.45 m
Ground Floor Water Tank = 1.15 m × 1.15 m × 1.45 m

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2. COLD WATER PIPE SIZING
Cold Water Distribution System and Booster Pump
Pipe Sizing Using WSFU Method

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Calculations for Pipe Sizes according to Inside Diameter, 𝒅
We use Velocity Formula to find the appropriate PPR pipe sizes through trial and
error. To deduce the appropriate pipe sizes, we use the standard allowable inside pipe
diameter that will give the largest possible optimal velocity for cold water (V ≤ 8fps).
0.4084𝑞
𝑉=
𝑑2
Where 𝑞 = flow rate (gpm)
𝑑 = inside diameter (in)
For Number 1,
0.4084(38.4)
𝑉= = 6.1 𝑓𝑝𝑠
(1.606)2
6.1 fps ≤ 8 fps
For Number 2,
0.4084(23)
𝑉= = 5.7 𝑓𝑝𝑠
(1.283)2
5.7 fps ≤ 8 fps

For Number 3,
0.4084(20)
𝑉= = 7.8 𝑓𝑝𝑠
(1.024)2

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 7.8 fps ≤ 8 fps
For Number 4,
0.4084(16.4)
𝑉= = 6.4 𝑓𝑝𝑠
(1.024)2
6.4 fps ≤ 8 fps
For Number 5,
0.4084(13)
𝑉= = 5.1 𝑓𝑝𝑠
(1.024)2
5.1 fps ≤ 8 fps

For Number 6,
0.4084(9)
𝑉= = 5.7 𝑓𝑝𝑠
(0.803)2
5.7 fps ≤ 8 fps

For Number 7,
0.4084(5)
𝑉= = 5.0 𝑓𝑝𝑠
(0.638)2
5.0 fps ≤ 8 fps

For Number 8,
0.4084(4.5)
𝑉= = 4.5 𝑓𝑝𝑠
(0.638)2
4.5 fps ≤ 8 fps

For Number 9,
0.4084(3)
𝑉= = 3.0 𝑓𝑝𝑠
(0.638)2
3.0 fps ≤ 8 fps

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Calculations for Pressure Drop per 100 ft, ∆𝑝
∆𝑝 = 0.433𝑓

100 1.85 𝑞1.85

𝑓 = 0.2083 ( ) × 4.8655
𝐶 𝑑
100 1.85 𝑞1.85
∆𝑝 = 0.433 (0.2083 ( ) × 4.8655 )
𝐶 𝑑

Where 𝑞 = flow rate (gpm)

𝑑 = inside diameter (in)
𝐶 = roughness of pipe; use 150 for PPR pipes
For Number 1,
100 1.85 38.41.85
∆𝑝 = 0.433 (0.2083 ( ) × )
150 1.6064.8655

∆𝑝 = 3.6255 𝑝𝑠𝑖
Use Excel functions to compute for the pressure drop per 100 𝑓𝑡 of number 2 - 9.

At 40 gpm, 27 psi (62.3 ft) = 151.4 L/min and 18.99 m, use 1.5 hp

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3. WATER PUMP SIZING DESIGN (PRESSURE TANK AND PUMP)

Water Supply Pump

Total Length = 19.6850𝑓𝑡 + 16.0866 𝑓𝑡 = 35.7716 𝑓𝑡
Total Height = 6𝑚 = 19.6850𝑓𝑡
Total Volume (Storage Tank on Roof) = 3228 L = 710 𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑠

Flow rate transfer pump:

710 𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑠
𝐺𝑃𝑀 = + 40 𝑔𝑝𝑚 = 42.7 𝑔𝑝𝑚, 𝑢𝑠𝑒 45 𝑔𝑝𝑚
2(2.5 ℎ𝑟𝑠)(60 𝑚𝑖𝑛/ℎ𝑟)
Pipe Size:
0.4084(45𝑔𝑝𝑚)
V= (1.606)²

0.4084(45𝑔𝑝𝑚)
7.1254fps = 1.606²
1
Pipe Size = 1 𝑖𝑛 (1.606 in. inside diameter)
2

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Computing for the Pressure Drop
100 1.85 𝑞1.85
𝑓 = 0.2083 ( ) × 4.8655 ; 𝐶 = 150
𝐶 𝑑
100 1.85 451.85
𝑓 = 0.2083 ( ) ×
150 1.6064.8655
𝑓 = 11.2282 psi
∆𝑝 = 0.433𝑓
∆𝑝 = 0.433(11.2282)
∆𝑝 = 4.8618 𝑝𝑠𝑖
Pressure drop = 4.8618 𝑝𝑠𝑖 𝑝𝑒𝑟 100 𝑓𝑡
Elbows: 6 elbows × 4 ft = 24 ft
Gate Valves: 4 gate valves × 1.1 ft = 4.4 ft
Check Valve: 15 ft
Strainer: 20 ft
4.8618𝑝𝑠𝑖
𝑇𝐷𝐻 = 19.6850𝑓𝑡 × 0.433 + ( ) (35.7716 𝑓𝑡 + 24𝑓𝑡 + 𝑓𝑡 + 15𝑓𝑡 + 20𝑓𝑡) =
100𝑓𝑡

13.1312 𝑝𝑠𝑖, use 14 𝑝𝑠𝑖

45 𝑔𝑝𝑚 and 14 𝑝𝑠𝑖 (32.1𝑓𝑡), 1.5 hp.

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Pressure Tank
Calculated Tank Volume = 243.24
Drawdown = 90
Residential Tank Recommendation = 2x-WX-302
Volume = 258
Recommended Precharge = 18 psi

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4. DRAINAGE AND VENT PIPING DESIGN

FIXTURES QUANTITY DRAINAGE FIXTURE TOTAL DFU

UNITS

GROUND FLOOR

Washing Machine 3 2 6

Lavatory 3 1 3

Kitchen Sink 3 2 6

Shower 3 2 6

Water Closet 3 3 9

Laundry Sink 3 3 9

SECOND FLOOR

Lavatory 6 1 6

Shower 6 2 12

Water Closet 6 3 18

TOTAL 75

Based on Table 7-5 of Revised National Plumbing Code of the Philippines,

Soil and Waste Main Pipe Size = 102 mm or 4 in

Vent Pipe Size = 76 mm or 3 in main

5. SEPTIC TANK DESIGN

Total DFU = 75
From the Revised National Plumbing Code, Table B-2, Annex B, page 193,
Multiple Dwelling Units or Apartments - One Bedroom Each
For 75 DFU = 2875 gallons = 10881.9 L Minimum in the Plumbing Code

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 Note: Septic tank sizes include sludge storage capacity as noted in Table B-2.

Three compartments/ Chamber Septic Tank

Inlet compartment volume = (2/3) (10.8819 m3) = 7.255 m3
Depth =1.8 m
7.255
Width = Length = √ 1.8
= 2.008 m or 2.01 m

Use Width = 2.01 m and Length = 2.01 m

Each additional compartment 1 cu. m to 1/3 of the capacity
The capacity is more than 6 cu m, the other compartments are not less than 1.5 m in length
Use 2.2 m
Volume of each additional compartment = 0.5 × 2.2 × 1.8 × (2.01 − 0.1) = 3.7818 m3 > 1 m3
Total capacity = 1.8 × 2.01 × 2.01 + 0.5 × 2.2 × 1.8 × (2.01 − 0.1) = 11.054 m3 > 10.8819 m3 of
water
(1/3) (10.8819 m3) = 3.6273 m3
⅓ of the total capacity of the tank =(⅓) (11.054 m3) = 3.685 m3 > 3.6273 m3 ok

Inside Dimension with 100 mm wall thickness plus 300 mm free board
𝐻 = 0.3 + 1.8 = 2.1 𝑚
𝑊 = 2.01 𝑚
𝐿 = 2.01 + 0.1 + 2.2 = 4.31 𝑚
Actual Volume of inlet compartment = 2.01 × 2.01 × 1.8 = 7.272 m3
Second compartment = 0.5 × (1.8 − 0.05) × 2.2 × (2.01 − 0.1) = 3.677 m3 > 1.0 m3
Third compartment = 0.5 × (1.8 − 0.05 − 0.05) × 2.2 × (2.01 − 0.1) = 3.572 m3 > 1.0 m3
Actual Capacity = 7.272 + 3.677 = 10.949 m3 > 10.8819 m3
10.949 𝑚3
(1/3) of Actual Capacity = 3
= 3.65 m3 > 3.54 m3 ok.

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6. STORM DRAINAGE DESIGN

The roof slopes at 2% from the center towards the edges in both directions, creating a
gentle downward gradient. Since the slope divides the roof into two symmetrical halves, we
can calculate the area for each side by dividing the total roof area in half.
Equivalent Roof Area = 10.8 𝑚 × 14.6 𝑚 = 157.68 𝑚2
157.68 𝑚2
Ah = = 78.84 𝑚2
2

Av = 0.02Ah = 1.5768 𝑚2
𝐴𝑣
𝐴 = 𝐴ℎ +
2
1.5768𝑚2
A = 78.84 𝑚2 + = 79.6284 𝑚2
2

𝐴 = 79.6284 𝑚2 = 857.11 𝑓𝑡 2

For Manila, Philippines, a rainfall intensity of 102 mm per hour (4 in per hour) is used.

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The rate of discharge from any collection area is dependent upon the size of the area and
the maximum rate of rainfall per hour.

Using 4 𝑖𝑛/ℎ𝑟 rate of rainfall it can be shown that 1 𝑔𝑝𝑚 = 24 𝑓𝑡 2 of horizontal surface.

Therefore, the gpm from the Roof Drain only is,

1 𝑔𝑝𝑚
(857.11 𝑓𝑡 2 )(24 𝑓𝑡 2 ) = 35.71 𝑔𝑝𝑚 or 2.25 𝐿/𝑠

Sizing Roof Drains, Leaders, and Vertical Rainwater Piping

Table 11-4 of Revised National Plumbing Code of the Philippines, at 100 mm per hour
For 50 𝑚𝑚 dia, Roof Area = 50 𝑚2 , Flow = 1.5 L/s
79.6284 𝑚2
Use = 1.59 𝑜𝑟 2 minimum Roof Drains/Downspout
50 𝑚2

or
2.25 𝐿/𝑠
Use = 1.5 𝑜𝑟 2 minimum Roof Drains/Downspout
1.5 𝐿/𝑠

Storm Drain Pipe (To Catch Basin, Horizontal)

Table 11-2a of Revised National Plumbing Code of the Philippines, slope of 0.01, at 102
mm/hr
Roof Area = 79.6284 𝑚2
79.6284 m2 is closest to 174.7 m2 which is served by a 101.6 mm pipe
1 𝑖𝑛
101.6 𝑚𝑚 × = 4 𝑖𝑛
25.4 𝑚𝑚
4 𝑖𝑛 pipe has a 174.7 m2 area (minimum).
Size of Storm Drain Pipe = 4 𝑖𝑛
𝐷 = 4 𝑖𝑛
Size of the Catch Basin, Horizontal
4𝐷 × 4𝐷
4(4 𝑖𝑛) × 4(4 𝑖𝑛 )
16 × 16 in minimum inside dimension

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