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LAB 9 Manual

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raedalkudary
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Laboratory Manual

Subject Name: Electronic Devices and Circuits CMP06102


Student Name

Reg. No.
Date

MAPPING OF LAB TO CLOs & PLOs

Rubric for Modern Tool Usage


Criteria Attainment Score

Excellent Very good Good Fair Poor


(100-85%) (84-71%) (70-61%) (60-50%) (49-0%)
Understandin Demonstrates a Demonstrates a Demonstrates Demonstrates Demonstrates
g of skillful ability to very good ability good ability to some ability to minimal or no
Engineering understand tool to understand tool understand tool understand tool ability to
Tool that is strongly that Is clearly that is Partially that is Partially understand tool
supported and linked to the connected to the connected to the that is Partially
clearly linked to issues at hand. issues at hand. issues at hand. connected to the
the issues at hand. issues at hand.

Analyze the Demonstrates a Demonstrates a Demonstrates a Demonstrates Demonstrates


given problem skillful ability to very good ability good ability to some ability to minimal or no
and identify analyze the given to analyze the analyze the analyze the given ability to analyze
the use of problem and given problem given problem problem and the given
identify the use of and identify the and identify the identify the use problem and
modern tool
modern tool. use of modern use of modern of modern tool. identify the use
tool. tool. of modern tool.
Generation Demonstrates a Demonstrates a Demonstrates Demonstrates Demonstrates
and skillful ability to very good ability good ability to some ability to minimal or no
Interpretation Generate and to Generate and Generate and Generate and ability to
of results Interpret results Interpret results Interpret results Interpret results Generate and
using modern using modern using modern using modern Interpret results
using modern
tools. tools. tools. tools. using modern
tools tools.
Lab No. 7: Implementation of transistor as a switch and as an amplifier

Objectives:
 To use the transistor as an electronic switch.
 To measure the voltage across the transistor when it is on/off.
 To use the transistor as an amplifier.
 To find the voltage gain of an amplifier.

Apparatus:
 Transistor (NPN)
 Resistor (10kΩ, 220Ω)
 Bread Board
 Connecting Wires
 DMM (Digital Multi meter)
 Power supply
 Function generator
 Oscilloscope
 Function generator and Oscilloscope probe

Transistor as a Switch:

Theory:
Transistors are commonly used in digital circuits as electronic switches which can be either in an
"on" or "off" state. The areas of operation for a transistor switch are known as the Saturation
Region and the Cut-off Region. This means that we can ignore the operating Q-point biasing
and voltage divider circuitry required for amplification, and use the transistor as a switch by
driving it back and forth between its fully-OFF (cut-off) and fully-ON (saturation).

1. Cut-off Region
The operating conditions of the transistor are zero input base current (I B), zero output collector
current (IC) and maximum collector voltage (VCE) which results in a large depletion layer and no
current flowing through the device. Therefore the transistor is switched Fully-OFF.

Figure 7.1 (cut-off region)


2. Saturation Region
The transistor will be biased so that the maximum amount of base current (I B) is applied,
resulting in maximum collector current (I C) minimum collector emitter voltage (V CE) drop,
which results in the depletion layer being as small as possible and maximum current flow
through the transistor. Therefore the transistor is switched Fully-ON.

Figure 7.2 (Saturation region)

Task: 1

Implement the Circuit of transistor as a switch:

Procedure:
Step1: Connect the circuit as shown in the Figure 7.3.

Figure 7.3 (Transistor as a switch)

Step2: Apply the 0v and 5v at the base terminal.


Step3: Find IB, VCE and IC with the help of DMM.
Step4: Note the led status (on/off) and fill the Table 7.1.
Measurements:
S # No V(bb) V(CC) IB VCE IC LED
Status(on/off)
1 0v 5v

2 5v 5v

3 0v 9v

4 5v 9v

Table 7.1

Task: 2

Implement the Circuit of transistor as a switch with square wave input:

Procedure:
Step1: Connect the circuit as shown in the Figure 7.4.

Figure 7.4 (transistor as a switch with square wave input)

Step2: Apply the square wave of 5v (p-p) frequency of 1 Hz, 5 Hz, 10 Hz.
Step3: Connect the oscilloscope probe at output and observe the output wave form.
Step4: Draw input output wave form (VIN, VBE and VCE).

Transistor as an amplifier:

Theory:
Amplifier is an electronic device which basically boost up the strength of the weak signal and
converts it into a strong signal. We can use a transistor as an amplifier by raising the strength of
the weak signal. The transistor is biased in such a way that even with positive swing in the
collector current, transistor does not approach saturation region. In the same way, with negative
swing in the collector current, it does not approach cutoff region. Transistor will get completely
on at saturation region and completely get off at cutoff region. If transistor wants to works as an
amplifier we should make the transistor to work in active region which lies between the
saturation and cutoff region.

Task: 3

Implement the Circuit of amplifier:

Procedure:
Step1: Connect the circuit as shown in the Figure 7.5.

Figure 7.5(amplifier)

Step2: Here RB=1kΩ, RC=320Ω and VCC=12v.


Step3: Change VIN and VBB according to the Table 7.2.
Step4: Connect the oscilloscope at the output (collector) and observe the output waveform.
Step5: Find the voltage gain of the amplifier.
Step6: Draw the input Vb and output Vc waveform.

Measurements:

S# NO Vin(mv) VBB(V) Vc Vb Av

1 20-mv(p-p) .7

2 40-mv(p-p) .8

3 60-mv(p-p) .9

4 80-mv(p-p) 1

5 100-mv(p-p) 1.5

Table 7.2
Question: 1. Explain how a transistor can act as a switch? Verify your answer
with the help of circuit diagram.
Answer:

Question: 2. Explain how a transistor can act as an amplifier? Verify your


answer with the help of circuit diagram.

Answer:
Lab Assessment
Ability to identify Analyze the given Determine solution
the problem problem using and evaluate results
(Criteria 1) appropriate technique (Criteria 3) Total
(3) (Criteria 2 ) (5) 15 Marks
(7)
Task 1

Task 2

Task 3

Question 1

Question 2

Average
Marks

Lab Engineer Name: _______________ Signature: ___________________

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