Chapter 7

Conditional Statements in Java

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1

In a switch case, when the switch value does not respond to any case then the
execution transfers to:

1. a break statement
2. a default case ✓
3. a loop
4. none

Question 2

Which of the following is a compound statement?

1. p=Integer.parseInt(in.readLine());
2. c=++a;
3. if(a>b) a++; b- - ; ✓
4. a=4;

Question 3

Condition is essentially formed by using:

1. Arithmetic operators
2. Relational operators
3. Logical operators
4. All ✓

Question 4

If(a>b)&&(a>c)), then which of the statement is true?

1. b is the smallest number

 2. b is the greatest number
3. a is the greatest number ✓
4. all of the above

Question 5

if(a>b)
c=a;
else
c=b;
It can be written as:

1. c= (b>a)?a:b;
2. c= (a!=b)?a:b;
3. c= (a>b)?b:a;
4. None ✓

Question 6

If a, b and c are the sides of a triangle then which of the following statement is true
for: if(a!=b && a!=c && b!=c)?

1. Equilateral triangle
2. Scalene triangle ✓
3. Isosceles triangle
4. All of the above

Question 7

Two arithmetic expressions can be compared with if statement, using:

1. Arithmetic operator
2. Relational operator ✓
3. Ternary operator
4. None

Question 8

Which of the following is a conditional statement?

 1. if ✓
2. goto
3. for
4. none

Question 9

Which of the following statements accomplishes 'fall through'?

1. for statement
2. switch statement ✓
3. if-else
4. none

Question 10

A Java program executes but doesn't give the desired output. It is due to:

1. the logical error in the program ✓

2. the syntax error in the program
3. the run time error in the program
4. none

Answer the Following Questions(write in Class work)

Question 1

Name the different ways to manage the flow of control in a program.

Answer

Normal flow of control, Bi-directional flow of control, Multiple branching of

control

Question 2

Mention one statement each to achieve:

(a) Bi-directional flow of control

Answer

if-else statement

(b) Multiple branching of control

Answer

switch statement

Question 3

Explain the following statements with their constructs:

(a) nested if

Answer

We can write an if-else statement within another if-else statement. We call this
nested if. It has the following syntax:

if (condition 1) {
if (condition 2) {
Statement a;
Statement b;
..
}
else {
Statement c;
Statement d;
..
}
}
else {
if (condition 3) {
Statement e;
Statement f;
..
}
else {
Statement g;
Statement h;
 ..
}
}
(b) if - else

Answer

if - else statement is used to execute one set of statements when the condition is
true and another set of statements when the condition is false. It has the
following syntax:

if (condition 1) {
Statement a;
Statement b;
..
}
else {
Statement c;
Statement d;
..
}
(c) if - else - if

Answer

if - else - if ladder construct is used to test multiple conditions and then take a
decision. It provides multiple branching of control. It has the following
syntax:

if (condition)
statement;
else if (condition)
statement;
else if (condition)
statement;
..
..
else
statement;
Question 4

Differentiate between if and switch statement.

Answer

Following are the difference between if and switch statement:

1. switch can only test for equality whereas if can test for any Boolean
expression.
2. switch tests the same expression against constant values while if-else-if
ladder can use different expression involving unrelated variables.
3. switch expression must only evaluate to byte, short, int, char.
4. A switch statement will run much faster than the equivalent program
written using the if-else-if ladder

Question 5

What is the purpose of switch statement in a program?

Answer

switch statement in a program, is used for multi-way branch. It compares its

expression to multiple case values for equality and executes the case whose
value is equal to the expression of switch. If none of the cases match, default
case is executed. If default case is absent then none of the statements from
switch are executed.

Question 6

Explain with the help of an example, the purpose of default in a switch statement.

Answer

When none of the case values are equal to the expression of switch statement
then default case is executed. In the example below, value of number is 4 so
case 0, case 1 and case 2 are not equal to number. Hence
System.out.println of default case will get executed printing "Value of number
is greater than two" to the console.

int number = 4;
switch(number) {
case 0:
System.out.println("Value of number is zero");
break;
case 1:
System.out.println("Value of number is one");
break;
case 2:
System.out.println("Value of number is two");
break;
default:
System.out.println("Value of number is greater than two");
break;
}

Question 7

Is it necessary to use 'break' statement in a switch case statement? Explain.

Answer

Use of break statement in a switch case statement is optional. Omitting break

statement will lead to fall through where program execution continues into the
next case and onwards till end of switch statement is reached.

Question 8

Explain 'Fall through' with reference to a switch case statement.

Answer

break statement at the end of case is optional. Omitting break leads to

program execution continuing into the next case and onwards till a break
statement is encountered or end of switch is reached. This is termed as Fall
Through in switch case statement.
Question 9

What is a compound statement? Give an example.

Answer

Two or more statements can be grouped together by enclosing them between

opening and closing curly braces. Such a group of statements is called a
compound statement.

if (a < b) {
/*
* All statements within this set of braces
* form the compound statement
*/

System.out.println("a is less than b");

a = 10;
b = 20;
System.out.println("The value of a is " + a);
System.out.println("The value of b is " + b);
}

Question 10

Explain with an example the if-else-if construct.

Answer

if - else - if ladder construct is used to test multiple conditions and then take a
decision. It provides multiple branching of control. Below is an example of if -
else - if:

if (marks < 35)

System.out.println("Fail");
else if (marks < 60)
System.out.println("C grade");
else if (marks < 80)
System.out.println("B grade");
else if (marks < 95)
 System.out.println("A grade");
else
System.out.println("A+ grade");

Question 11

Name two jump statements and their use.

Answer

break statement, it is used to jump out of a switch statement or a

loop. continue statement, it is used to skip the current iteration of the loop and
start the next iteration.

Question 12

Give two differences between the switch statement and the if-else statement.

Answer

Switch if-else

switch can only test if the expression is if-else can test for any boolean expression like
equal to any of its case constants less than, greater than, equal to, not equal to, etc.

It is a multiple branching flow of

It is a bi-directional flow of control statement
control statement

Predict the Output of the Given Snippet, when Executed

Question 1

int a=1,b=1,m=10,n=5;
if((a==1)&&(b==0))
{
System.out.println((m+n));
System.out.println((m—n));
}
if((a==1)&&(b==1))
{
System.out.println((m*n));
System. out.println((m%n));
}

Output

50

Explanation( only Explanation part no need to write in classwork)

First if condition is false, second if condition is true. Statements inside the code
block of second if condition are executed.
m*n => 10 * 5 => 50
m%n => 10 % 5 => 0

Question 2

int x=1,y=1;
if(n>0)
{
x=x+1;
y=y+1;
}
What will be the value of x and y, if n assumes a value (i) 1 (ii) 0?

Output

(i) n = 1

x=2

y=2

(ii) n = 0

x=1

y=1
Explanation

When n = 1, if condition is true, its code block is executed adding 1 to both x and
y. When n = 0, if condition is false so x and y retain their original values.

Question 3

int b=3,k,r;
float a=15.15,c=0;
if(k==1)
{
r=(int)a/b;
System.out.println(r);
}
else
{
c=a/b;
System.out.println(c);
}

Output

Compile time error in the line if(k==1)

"variable k might not have been initialized"

Explanation

Assuming k to be a local variable declared inside a method, we are using k in the if

condition before initializing it i.e. before assigning any value to k. Due to this, the
above code will generate a compile time error.

Question 4

switch (opn)
{
case 'a':
System.out.println("Platform Independent");
break;
case 'b':
System.out.println("Object Oriented");
case 'c':
System.out.println("Robust and Secure");
break;
default:
System.out.println("Wrong Input");
}
When (i) opn = 'b' (ii) opn = 'x' (iii) opn = 'a'

Output

(i) opn = 'b'

Object Oriented

Robust and Secure

Explanation

case 'b' is matched, "Object Oriented" gets printed to the console. As there is no
case statement in case 'b', program control falls through to case 'c' printing "Robust
and Secure" to the console. case 'c' has a break statement which transfers the
program control outside switch statement.

(ii) opn = 'x'

Wrong Input

Explanation

None of the 3 cases match so default case is executed.

(ii) opn = 'a'

Platform Independent

Explanation

case 'a' is matched, "Platform Independent" gets printed to the console. break
statement in case 'a' transfers the program control outside switch statement.
Correct the errors in the given programs

Question 1

class public
{
public static void main(String args{})
{
int a=45,b=70,c=65.45;
sum=a+b;
diff=c-b;
System.out.println(sum,diff);
}
}

Explanation

1. public is a keyword so it can't be used as an identifier for naming the class.

Change the class name from public to any valid identifier, for example class
Sample
2. Argument of main method is an array of Strings. Use square brackets instead
of curly brackets — String args[]
3. c is an int variable. We cannot assign a double literal 65.45 to it.
4. Variables sum & diff are not defined
5. The line System.out.println(sum,diff); should be written like
this System.out.println(sum + " " + diff);

Corrected Program

class Sample //1st correction

{
public static void main(String args[]) //2nd correction
{
int a=45,b=70,c=65; //3rd correction
int sum=a+b; //4th Correction
int diff=c-b;
System.out.println(sum + " " + diff); //5th Correction
}
}
Question 2

class Square
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int n=289,r;
r=sqrt(n);
if(n==r)
System.out.println("Perfect Square");
else
System.out.println("Not a Perfect Square");
}
}

Explanation

1. Variable r must be of double type as Math.sqrt method returns a double

value.
2. The line r=sqrt(n); should be r=Math.sqrt(n);

Corrected Program

class Square
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int n=289;
double r=Math.sqrt(n); //1st & 2nd correction
if(n==r)
System.out.println("Perfect Square");
else
System.out.println("Not a Perfect Square");
}
}

Question 3

class Simplify
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a,b,c,d;
a=10,b=5,c=1,d=2;
c=a2+b2;
d=(a+b)2;
p=c/d;
System.out.println(c + " "+ " "+d+ " "+p);
}
}

Explanation

1. The line a=10,b=5,c=1,d=2; generates a compile time error. We will

combine the declaration and initialization of these variables.
2. The line c=a2+b2; is written in Java like this c = (int)(Math.pow(a, 2) +
Math.pow(b, 2));
3. The line d=(a+b)2; is written in Java like this d=(int)Math.pow((a+b), 2);
4. Variable p is not defined

Corrected Program

class Simplify
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a=10,b=5,c=1,d=2; //1st correction
c = (int)(Math.pow(a, 2) + Math.pow(b, 2)); //2nd correction
d = (int)Math.pow((a+b), 2); //3rd correction
int p=c/d; //4th correction
System.out.println(c + " "+ " "+d+ " "+p);
}
}

Question 4

class Sample
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int n,p;
float k,r;
n=25;p=12;
if(n=25)
{
k=pow(p,2)
System.out.println("The value of"+p+ " = "+k);
}
else
{
r=Math.square root(n);
System.out.println("The value of"+n+ " = "+r);
}
}
}

Explanation

1. The line if(n=25) should be if(n==25)

2. The line k=pow(p,2) should be k=(float)Math.pow(p,2);
3. The line r=Math.square root(n); should be r=(float)Math.sqrt(n);

Corrected Program

class Sample
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int n,p;
float k,r;
n=25;p=12;
if(n==25) //1st correction
{
k=(float)Math.pow(p,2); //2nd correction
System.out.println("The value of"+p+ " = "+k);
}
else
{
r=(float)Math.sqrt(n); //3rd correction
System.out.println("The value of"+n+ " = "+r);
}
}
}