KSI ENGINEERING

Fundamentals of Steel Structural Design

Theory and Design Aid

BTech Tin Ko Ko (09789444780)

Project - 2 Storey Steel Structure Residential Building

Material Strength
Structural Steel
Fy = 36 ksi
Fu = 58 ksi
Code – AISC 360-05

Loading
Roof live load = 20 psf
Typical floor live load = 40 psf
Stair live load = 100 psf
Finish load = 20 psf
4.5” brick wall load = 50 psf

Load Combination
Factored Load Combination
1.4D
1.2D+1.6L
Service Load Combination
D
D+L

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3D View

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Roof Floor Plan View

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 First Floor Architectural View

Window (4’x4’)

Door (2.5’x7’)

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First Floor Plan View

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Elevation View

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 Introduction to Steel
Steel is a modified form of an Iron.
It is added 0.02% to 1.7% of Carbon and some other material such as Silicon, Nickel,
Manganese and Copper to Iron during its manufacturing.

Classification of Steel

Name of Steel Carbon Content in Steel

Very Low Carbon Steel <0.1%

Mild Steel Up to 0.25%

Medium Carbon Steel 0.25-0.7%

High Carbon Steel 0.7% to-1.5%

Advantages and Disadvantages of Steel Structure

Advantages Disadvantages

1.Lower Project Cost 1.Maintenance Cost

2.High Strength 2.Small Resistance with Fire

3.Recyclable 3.Cannot be mold in Construction

4.Ductility 4.Serviceability

5.Durability 5.Connection

6.Flexibility 6.Need Skillful Worker

7.Aesthetic Beauty

8.Temporary Structure

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Types of Slab
1) Decking Sheet
2) RC Slab

3) Precast Slab

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According to AISC

Built-up structural shape

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Connection
Connections are structural elements used for joining different members of a structural steel
frame.

Components of Connections
● Bolts
● Weld
● Connecting Plates
● Connection Angles

Classifications of Connections
● On the basic of connecting medium
● According to the types of internal forces
● According to the types of Structural elements
● According to the types of member joining

On the basic of connection medium

Riveted Connections
Bolted Connections
Welded Connections
Bolted-Welded Connection

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According to the types of internal forces
● Shear Connections
● Moment Connection

According to the types of Structural elements

● Single Plate Angle Connections
● Double Plate Angle Connections
● Seated Connections

According to the types of member joining

● Beam to Beam Connections
● Column to Column Connections
● Beam to Column Connections
● Column Base Plate Connections

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Strength of Bolts

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Connection Design Note

Standard Bolt hole = bolt dia + 1/16 or 2mm

Maximum edge distance = 12tp or 6”

Minimum edge distance = 1.5d

Minimum bolt distance = 3d

Minimum weld thickness = 3mm or 1/8”

Welding

Electric Arc Welding

Shield Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)

Fillet Weld

Welding Strength

Shear Strength = 0.75x0.6FExx (0.707a) L

Tensile Strength = 0.75FExx (0.707a) L

Plate thickness ≥ Member thickness

Weld thickness ≤ Member thickness

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Typical uniformly distributed design live load

Density of various materials

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Design Philosophies
Allowable Stress Design Method (ASD)

Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD)

ASD has been the primary method used for steel design since the first AISC
specifications was issued in 1923.

In 1986, AISC issued the first specification for LRFD.

The trend today is toward LRFD method, but ASD is still in use.

Advantages of LRFD
It provides a more uniform reliability in all structures subjected to many types of loading
conditions. It does not treat DL and LL as equivalent, thereby leading to a more rational
approach.
It provides better economy as the DL make up a greater percentage on a given structure.
Because DLs are less variable by nature than live loads, a lower load factor is used.

This may lead to a reduction in member size and therefore better economy.

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Area of one bar =πd2/4
Number of bar = Required area of steel/Area of one bar

Area of bar in slab (in2/ft)

Spacing = (Area of one bar/Required area of steel) x 12

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I Section

Size (mm) Size (in) Web Thk (mm) Flange Thk (mm) Weight (Kg) Length (m)

150x75 6x3 5 7 168 12

150x100 6x4 6 9 253.2 12

200x100 8x4 6 8 255.6 12

250x125 10x5 6 9 355.2 12

300x150 12x6 7 9 440.4 12

350x175 14x7 7 11 595.2 12

400x200 16x8 8 13 792 12

450x200 18x8 9 14 912 12

500x200 20x8 10 16 1075.2 12

600x200 24x8 11 17 1272 12

482x300 20x12 11 15 1368 12

488x300 20x12 11 18 1536 12

588x300 24x12 12 20 1812 12

692x300 28x12 13 20 1992 12

Source – Local Market (kingempiregroup.com)

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H Section

Size Size Web Thk Flange Thk Weight Length

(mm) (in) (mm) (mm) (Kg) (m)

100x100 4x4 6 8 206.4 12

125x125 5x5 7 9 285.6 12

150x150 6x6 7 10 378 12

200x200 8x8 8 12 598.8 12

250x250 10x10 9 14 868.8 12

300x300 12x12 10 15 1128 12

350x350 14x14 12 19 1644 12

400x400 16x16 13 21 2064 12

Source – Local Market (kingempiregroup.com)

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 Member Properties (FPS Unit)

Section d (in) bf (in) tf (in) tw (in) A (in2) Ix (in4) Iy (in4) Zx (in3) Zy (in4)

I150x75 5.9055 2.9528 0.2756 0.1969 2.6815 15.4247 1.1859 5.9922 1.2533

I150x100 5.9055 3.937 0.3543 0.2362 4.0176 24.286 3.6095 9.3388 2.8186

I200x100 7.847 3.937 0.315 0.2362 4.1912 42.9302 3.2113 12.4723 2.542

I250x125 9.8425 4.9213 0.3543 0.2362 5.6451 93.5281 7.0486 21.4719 4.4181

I300x150 11.811 5.9055 0.4331 0.2756 8.1313 195.7348 14.8846 37.3525 7.7595

I350x175 13.7795 6.8898 0.4331 0.2756 9.5269 315.3103 23.6304 51.3146 10.5247

I400x200 15.748 7.874 0.5118 0.315 12.6976 551.7332 41.6818 78.4736 16.2313

I450x200 17.7165 7.874 0.5512 0.3543 14.5667 775.0274 44.9097 98.9492 17.6086

H100x100 3.937 3.937 0.315 0.2362 3.2612 8.8644 3.207 5.1372 2.4871

H125x125 4.9213 4.9213 0.354 0.2756 4.5655 19.9379 7.046 9.1863 4.3707

H150x150 5.9055 5.9055 0.3937 0.2756 6.0605 38.456 13.523 14.6198 6.9624

H200x200 7.874 7.874 0.4724 0.315 9.6224 110.7675 38.4582 31.3145 14.8175

H250x250 9.8425 9.8425 0.5512 0.3543 13.9469 254.157 87.6239 57.1725 26.9722

H300x300 11.811 11.811 0.5906 0.3937 18.1361 478.9147 162.2359 89.3901 41.6062

H350x350 13.7795 13.7795 0.748 0.4724 26.4183 949.1397 326.2987 152.1433 71.7018

H400X400 15.748 15.748 0.8268 0.5118 33.2538 1570.3184 538.3196 219.6936 103.4429

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Fy = 36 ksi

Section Weigh (lb/ft) Flexural Strength (kip-ft) Shear Strength (kip)

I150x75 9.12 16.18 22.60

I150x100 13.67 25.21 27.12

I200x100 14.26 33.68 36.03

I250x125 19.21 57.97 45.19

I300x150 27.67 100.85 63.28

I350x175 32.42 138.55 73.83

I400x200 43.21 211.88 96.43

I450x200 49.57 267.16 122.02

H100x100 11.10 13.87 18.08

H125x125 15.54 24.80 26.37

H150x150 20.62 39.47 31.64

H200x200 32.74 84.55 48.22

H250x250 47.46 154.37 67.79

H300x300 61.71 241.35 90.40

H350x350 89.90 410.79 126.54

H400X400 113.16 593.17 156.68

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Calculation from ETABS

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Allowable Deflection for Floor Beam

For Dead Load+Live Load

Δ all =

For Live Load

Δ all =

Allowable Deflection for Cantilever Beam

For Dead Load+Live Load

Δ all =

For Live Load

Δ all =

Compact Section

I 150x75

Fy = 36 ksi

bf/2tf = 2.9528/(2x0.2756) = 5.36

65/√𝐹𝑦 =65/√36 = 10.83
bf/2tf < 65/√𝐹𝑦

hc/tw = (5.9055-2x0.2756)/(0.1969) = 27.19

640/√𝐹𝑦 =640/√36 = 106.67
hc/tw < 640/√𝐹𝑦

I 150x75 is Compact Section.

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Beam Design

I 150X75

Flexural Strength

= (0.9x5.9922x36)/12

=16.2 k-ft

Shear Strength

=0.9x0.6x36x5.9055x0.1969

= 22.61 k

I200x100

Flexural Strength

= (0.9x12.4723x36)/12

=33.68 k-ft

Shear Strength

=0.9x0.6x36x7.874x0.2362= 36.16 k

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