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Physics Investigatory project

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Physics Investigatory project

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guptasanskar530
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© © All Rights Reserved
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INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

St. Joseph's English Medium School


Rampur,Baikunthpur,Chhattishgarh

Made By :
Sanskar Gupta
Class 12 A
Roll NO : 39
Factors on which self
inductance of coil
depend
Certificate
This is to certify that SANSKAR GUPTA of class 12th from
ST. JOSEPH ENGLISH MEDIUM SCHOOL RAMPUR[Baikunthpur]
has successfully completed his project work in chemistry on his
topic of:

Factor on which Self Inductance of a Coil Depends

He has taken proper care and shown at most sincerity in


completion of this project to my expectations and as per the
guidelines by CBSE.

Signature of Guide Signature of Principle


[Mr.Aadil Khan] [Maria Preeti]
I would like to express my special thanks
of gratitude to my teacher Mrs. A. Uma
and our Principal Mr. Pradeesh Kumar
who have given me the golden
opportunity to do this wonderful project
on the topic which also helped me in
doing a lot of Research and I came to
know about so many new things. I am
really thankful to them.
Secondly I would also like to thank my
parents and friends who helped me a lot
in finalizing this project within the limited
time frame.
INDEX

 Introduction
 Aim
 Apparatus Required
 Theory
 Circuit Diagram
 Procedure
 Observations
 Result
 Precautions
 Sources of Error
Objective

To study the factors on which the


Self Inductance of a coil depends
by observing the effect of this coil,
when put in series with a resistor
(bulb) in a circuit fed up by an A.C.
source of adjustable frequency.
Introduction

There are four basic factors of

inductor construction determining

the amount of inductance created.

These factors all indicate

inductance by affecting how much

magnetic field flux will develop for

a given amount of magnetic field

force (current through the

inductor’s wire coil.


The factors are:-

• NUMBER OF WIRE WRAPS, OR

“TURNS” IN THE COIL.

• COIL AREA.
• COIL LENGTH.
• CORE MATERIAL.
Aim

To study the factor on which the


Self Inductance of a coil depends
by observing the effect of this coil,
when put in series with a resistor
(bulb) in a circuit fed up by an A.C.
source of adjustable frequency.

Apparatus Required
A coil of large turns, A.C. source of
adjustable frequency, an electric
bulb, (6 V) A.C. ammeter of
suitable range, rheostat, a soft iron
rod, one way key, connecting wires
etc.

Theory

Self Inductance is the property of a


coil which opposes the change in
current through it. The Self
Inductance of a coil (long
solenoid) is
2
L =μ0μr N A
Where μr= Relative magnetic
permeability of magnetic material,
μ
μr = μ μ°
 N= Total number of turns in
solenoid
 A= Area of cross section of
solenoid
 l= Length of solenoid

Hence, the Self Inductance


depends upon
• No. of turns (N), L α N2
• Geometry of coil, L=A , L α
1/l
• Nature of core material, L= μ

When an inductor is connected in


series with a resistor (bulb) with a
variable source of frequency, then
current flowing in the bulb is

E
I rms= rms
Z
2 2 2 ½
Where Z= (R + ω L ) =Impedance
of the A.C. Circuit
R= Resistance of bulb
L= Self Inductance of coil
ω = 2πf = Angular frequency
of A.C. source.

The brightness of bulb i.e. Heat


generated in bulb is
2
H= I rmsZt
The brightness of bulb i.e. Heat
generated in bulb is
H= I2rmsZt
Or,
2
P=H/t= I rmsZ
P= I2rms(R2 + ω2L2)½
Circuit Diagram
Procedure
 Make all connections as shown
in circuit diagram.
 Switch on the A.C. supply and
adjust the constant current in
the circuit by using the variable
resistor (R1) (let frequency of
source is 60 Hz and voltage is
6V).
 Record the current in A.C.
ammeter and see the brightness
of bulb.
 Now, put the soft iron rod inside
the inductor core and record the
current in A.C. ammeter and
again check the brightness of
bulb. The current and brightness
both decreases.
 Now, switch off the supply and
decrease the frequency of A.C.
source (say 50 Hz).
 Again switch on the supply and
adjust the current in circuit at
same constant voltage 6V by
using the rheostat. Note the
current in ammeter and
brightness of bulb. The current
and brightness both will
increases.
 Again insert the iron in the core
of coil and note the current and
brightness. The current and
brightness both decreases.
 Repeat the steps 5, 6 and 7 for
different frequency of A.C.
source (say 40 Hz,30 Hz and 20
Hz).
Fig 1.1: Experimental setup of experiment.

Observations
 Least Count Error= 0 A.
 Zero error of ammeter =0 A.
 Range of ammeter = 0-5 A.

S Frequency Current Current


No. of applied in in
voltage(Hz) ammeter ammeter
without with iron
iron rod rod in
in coil coil (A)
(A)
1. 60 2 1.8
2. 50 2.5 2.3
3. 40 2.9 2.6
4. 30 3.4 3.25
5. 20 4.1 4
Result
• The current in the circuit
decrease on inserting the iron
rod in the core of coil at
constant frequency of applied
voltage and brightness of bulb
decreases and vice-versa.
• The current in the circuit
increases on decreasing the
frequency of applied voltage
and vice-versa. Therefore, the
brightness of bulb increases.

Precautions
• The coil should have large
number of turns.
• Current should be passed for a
small time to avoid the heating effect.
• There should not be parallax in
taking the reading of ammeter.

Sources of Error

• The resistance of circuit may


increases slightly due to heating
effect of current.
• There may be eddy current in
soft iron coil.
Bibliography
 https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&sourc
e=web&rct=j&url=https://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/Inductance&ved=2ahUKEwj08Iniro7l
AhUJqI8KHTf0AnYQFjADegQIBBAB&usg=
AOvVaw2P7iDjtFkUuM4sVZ3Xvuee

 https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&sourc
e=web&rct=j&url=https://www.ukessays.c
om/essays/education/self-induction-
and-mutual-
induction.php&ved=2ahUKEwj08Iniro7lAh
UJqI8KHTf0AnYQFjASegQIAxAB&usg=AO
vVaw101-
LPrKSTgDiDwgKYZPHV&cshid=15705968
84921

 https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&sourc
e=web&rct=j&url=https://phys.libretexts.o
rg/Bookshelves/Electricity_and_Magnetis
m/Book%253A_Electricity_and_Magnetis
m_(Tatum)/10%253A_Electromagnetic_In
duction/10.92%253A%2509Self_Inductan
ce&ved=2ahUKEwjWhcLMsY7lAhVMdCsK
HdOGAD4QFjAFegQIBRAB&usg=AOvVaw
2BBdsgbr538c7M-b_dO4e9

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