02. There are three categories of students in a class of 60 students.

theoppuptaom

A:Very hard working students

B:Regular but not so hard working

C:Careless and irregular.

It's known that 10 students are in categoryA,30 in category B and rest in category C.
It is also found that probability of students ofcategory A, unable to get good marks in the final
yearexamination is, 0.002, of category B
it is 0.02and of category C, this probability is 0.20.
Based on the above information, answer the following.
() Ifa student selected at random was found to be the one who could not get good marks in

the examination, then find the probability that this student is category c. of

(iü) Assume a student selected at random was found to be the one who could not get
that
good marks in the examination. Then find the probability that this student is either of
category A or of category B.
(iii) Find the probability that the student is unable to get good marks in the examination.
(iv) A student selected at random was found to be the one who could not get good marks in
the examination. Then find the probability that this student is of category A.
(v) A student selected at random was found to be the one who could not get good marks in

the examination. Then find the probability that this student is NOT ofcategory A.
04. In an office three employces Vinay, Sonia and Iqbal process incoming copies of a certain form.
Vinay process 50% of the forms. Sonia processes 20% and lqbal the remaining 30% of the
forms. Vinay has an error rate of 0.06, Sonia has an error rate of0.04 and Iqbal has an error rate
of0.03.

#LSreatXxt

Based on the above information, answer the following.

Find the conditional probability that an error is committed in processing given that Sonia
processed the form.
(ii) Find the probability that Sonia processed the form and committed an error.
(iii Find the totalprobability ofcommitting an error in processing the form.
(iv) The manager of the company wants to do a quality check. During inspection he sclects a
form at random from the days output of processed forms. If the form sclected at random
has an error, find the probability that the form is NOT processed by Vinay.

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(V) Let A be the event of committing an error in processing the form and let E,, E,and E,
be the events that Vinay, Sonia and Iqbal processed the form. Then write the value of

PE, A).
06. The reliabilityofa HIV test is specified as follows :
Lan
VIROLOey
of people having HIV, 90% of the tests detect the
discase but 10% go undetected.
Of people free of HIV, 99% of the tests are judged
HIV-Test HIV negative but 1% are diagnosed as showing HIV
positive.
Screening
CPV test
CPX From a large population of which only 0.1% have
070 D
380Anti-HIV
(Stat) HIV, one person is selected at random, given the
Anti-HIV Monitor
(Routine) CPX 030o HIV test, and the pathologist reports him/her as HIV
CPX
Confirmatory
025 D Anti
test CPX
CPX
010 positive.

Based on the above information, answer the following.

(i) What is the probability of the 'person to be tested as HIV positive' given that 'he is
actually having HIV"?
(ii) What is the probability of the 'person to be tested as HIV positive' given that 'he is
actually not having HIV"?
(iii) What is the probability that the 'person is actually not having HIV?
(iv) What is the probability that the 'person is actually having HIV'given that he is tested as
HIV positive"?
(V) What is the probability that the 'person selected will be diagnosed as HIV positive"?

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07. Anu has four boxes A,B,C and D containing coloured marbles as shown in the following table.

Black colour White colour Red colour

Box A 3 6
Box B 2 6
Box C 8
Box D
One ofthe boxes has been selected at random and a single marble is drawn from it.

Let E,, E,, E, andE, respectively denote the events of selecting the box A,B,C and D.
Keeping the above information in mind,answer the following.
(i) IfR be the event of drawing the red marble then, find P(R).
(ii Find the probability ofdrawing a 'non-red marble'.
(iii) If the marble is red, what is the probability that it was drawn from the box A?
(iv) If the marble is red, what is the probability that it was drawn from the box B?
(V) Ifthe marble is red,what is the probability that it was drawn from the box C?
09. Miss Vidya enters a local branch of bank at 2:30 PM.
Every day, at that time there are always two tellers on duty.

BANK

The number X of customers in the bank who are either at a teller window or are waiting in a
single line for the next available teller has the following probability distribution.

[K(x +1), if x = 1,2,3,4

P(X = x)=2Kx, if x=5,6,7
0, otherwise
Based on the information above, answer the following.
(i) What is the value of K?
(ii) What is the probability that there are more than 5 persons waiting in the bank?
(ii) What is the probability that there are less than 3 persons waiting in the bank?
(iv) What is the probability that number ofpersons waiting in the bank is a perfect square?
(v) Find the value of P(3<x<5).
12 Meghna has two boxes I and II. Box I contains 3 red and 6 black balls. Box II contains 5 red and
'n' black balls.
One the two boxes, boxIand box II is selected by her friend Radha at random, and then
of

Radha draws a ball at random. The ball drawn is found to be red.

Based on the above information, answer the following.

Meghna notices that the probability of the red ball taken out from the box IIis Then
5
find the value of'n'.

(ii) Find the probability that box I is selected given that the ball drawn is found to be red.
(iii) What the probability that the ball drawn is found to be red?
is

(iv) Let A be the event of getting a red ball from the box. Also let E, and E, be the events

that box and box

I II is selected, respectively. Find the value of P(E,JA).
i2
(v) Refer to (iv) part. Then find the value of P(E).
11. A car manu facturing factory has two plants X and Y. Plant X manufactures 70% of cars and
Plant Y manufactures 30%.

80% of cars at Plant X and 90% ofcars at Plant Y are rated of standard quality. A car is chosen
at random and is found to be of standard quality.

Let E:Event that car is of standard quality,

B, :Event that car is manufactured in Plant X,

B, :Event that car is manufactured in Plant Y.

Based on the information given above, answer the following.

i) Write the value of P(B).
(iü) Write the value of P(B,).
(iii) Find the probability that standard quality car is manufactured in Plant X.
(iv) Find the probability that standard quality car is manufactured in Plant Y.
(V) If a car is selected at random and is of standard quality, then what is the probability that
standard quality car has manufactured from the Plant
wdeo Sotior
X?
14. In a city school, all class XIl students have Mathematics and Biology as their main subjects,
apart from three other subjects which include one language.

The school conducted pre-board examination for

class XII. In the examination, it is observed that
EKam!
30% of the students failed in Biology, 25% failed in

Mathematics and 129% failed in both Biology and

Mathematics. A student is selected at random from
the school.

Use the given information to answer the following.

() Find the probability that the selected student has failed in Biology, if it is known that he
has failed in Mathematics.

(ii) Find the probability that the selected student has failed in Mathematics, if it is known
that he has failed in Biology.
(iii) Find the probability that the selected student has failed in at least one ofthe two subjects.
(iv) Find the probability that the selected student has passed in at least one ofthe two
subjects.
(v) Find the probability that the selected student has passed in Mathematics, if it is known
that he has failed in Biology.
27. An insurance company believes that people can be divided into two classes: those who are
accident prone and those who are not. The company's statistics show that an accident prone
person will have an accident at sometime within a fixed one-year period with probability 0.6,
whereas this probability is 0.2 for a person who is not accident prone. The companyknows that
20 percent of the population is accident prone.

NsuRÀNCE
Based on the given information, answer the following questions.
() What is the probability that a new policyholder will have an accident within a year of
purchasing a policy?
(i) Suppose that a new policyholder has an accident within a year of purchasing a policy.

What is the probability that he or she is accident prone?

29. No COVID-19 Test is 100% right, so their errors and results are both important.

During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, there is a lot of buzz regarding the possible errors in
diagnosis with both RT-PCR tests and faster Antibody-based tests, all over the world.
The reliability of a COVID RT-PCR test is specified as follows.
Of people having COVID, 90% of thetests detect the discase but 10% go undetected.
Ofpeople free of COVID, 99% of the tests arejudged COVID negative but 1% arediagnosed as
showing CoVID positive.

From a large population which only 0.1% have COVID, one person is selected at random,
of

given the COVID RT-PCR test, and the pathologist reports him/her as COVID positive.
Based on the given information, answer the following questions.
() What is the probability of the 'person to be tested as COVID positive '
given that 'he is

actually having COVID'?

(iil
What is the probability that the 'person is actually having COVID' given that 'he is

tested as COVID positive"?