02.

‡Kvb sentence hw` now, at this moment, at the moment, at present, day by day, increasingly,
rapidly, right now cÖf„wZ _v‡K Z‡e verbwU Present continuous Tense nq|
‡hgbt You (Swim) now

you are swimming now.
03. ‡Kvb Sentence-G just, just now, already, recently, yet, ever, lately, immediately, so far BZ¨vw`
_vK‡j mvaviYZ Present perfect Tense nq|
‡hgbt They just (finish) their work.

They have just finished their work.
04. AZxZ wb‡`©kK kã ev phrase- yesterday, one day, ago, once, last, after, a few days, last night, once
upon a time, in the past, previously BZ¨vw` _vK‡j verb Gi past form nq|
‡hgbt I (see) you long ago.

I saw you long ago.
05. †Kvb KvR c~‡e© ïiæ n‡q GL‡bv Pj‡Q †evSv‡Z Verb wUi Present perfect continuous Tense nq| G‡ÿ‡Î
Sentence G since I for e¨envi Kiv nq|
‡hgbt They (play) for two hours.

They have been playing for two hours.
* wKš‘ since I for e¨eüZ Sentence G gyj verb wU be verb n‡j D³ Sentence wU Present perfect Tense nq|
†hgbt The boy (be) ill since Monday

The boy has been ill since Monday.
* mvavibZ AwaKvsk QvÎ/QvÎx present perfect continuous, past perfect continuous Ges future perfect
continuous tense wb‡q confusion G ‡fv‡M| wZbwU tense Gi action:
Past Present Future
5 4 3 2 1+ 1 2 3 4 5

06. At that moment, then, at that time BZ¨vw` _vK‡j past continuous Tense nq|
‡hgbt They (play) at that moment.

They were playing at that moment.
07. AZx‡Zi `ywU µwgK NUbvi †ÿ‡Î before Gi c~‡e© Ges after Gi c‡i Past perfect Tense nq, Ab¨wU nq Past
Indefinite Tense|
‡hgbt The students stood up after the teacher (enter) the room.

The students stood up after the teacher had entered the room.
The patient (die) before the doctor came.

The patient had died before the doctor came.
* After Øviv `ywU clause hy³ n‡j After hy³ clause wU hw` Present Perfect Tense nq Zvn‡j Aci clause wU
Future Simple Tense nq|
‡hgbt I (go) to college after I have left school.

I shall go to college after I have left school.
08. ‡Kvb KvR fwel¨‡Z NU‡e Ggb †evSv‡Z Future Indefinite Tense nq| G‡ÿ‡Î fwel¨r wb‡`k©K kã today, to
night, tomorrow, next, coming, ensuing, in the days/years to come+mgq wb‡`©kK word,
following year BZ¨vw` _v‡K|
‡hgbt I (meet) my friend tonight.

I will meet my friend tonight.

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09. ev‡K¨ by this time, by (time, month, year), next (time, month, year) by next (time, month, year)
BZ¨vw` _vK‡j Future Perfect Tense nq|
‡hgbt Next August, Lata and Tanim (marry) for 10 years.

Next August, Lata and Tanim will have been married for 10 years.
10. Interrogative sentence- G hw` W.H _v‡K Zvn‡j Sebject Gi c~‡e© Tense I Person Abyhvqx to be
verb/have/do/verb †hvM Ki‡Z nq|
‡hgbt What you (want)?

What do you want?
11. Subject singular n‡j verb wU singular nq Ges subject plural n‡j verb wU plural nq|
‡hgbt She (be) my sister.

She is my sister.
They (be) happy couple as I knew.

They were happy couple as I knew.
* mvaviYZ Abstract noun Ges uncountable noun singular nq|
12. Adjective Gi c~‡e© determiner 'the' hy³ n‡j verb plural nq| Adjective Gi c~‡e© the em‡j †mwU
common noun nq|
‡hgbt The poor (be) miserable.

The poor are miserable.
* mvaviYZ GB Adjective ¸‡jvÑ Brave, poor, rich, industrious, coward, pious, virtuous e¨eüZ nq|
13. Relative pronoun: who, which Ges that Gi Antecedent Gi Number I Person Abymv‡i verbwU
wba©vwiZ nq|
‡hgbt It is I who (be) to blame.

It is I who am to blame.

14. wewfbœ person Gi Subject- not only but........ but also, or, nor, either....or, neither.....nor, Øviv hy³
n‡j, or, nor, but also Gi c‡ii person Abyhvqx verb wba©vwiZ n‡e|
‡hgbt Either you or he (have) done this.

Either you or he has done this.
* 1st person, 2nd person Ges 3rd person hw` GKB sentence subject nq, Zvn‡j mvaviY †ÿ‡Î 231 Ges
†`vl ¯^xKvi Gi †ÿ‡Î 132| Ges D³ pronoun ¸‡jv and Øviv hy³ n‡j verb plural n‡e|
‡hgbt I, he and you (be) the best friends.

I, he and you are the best friends.
15. And Øviv hy³ `ywU Noun Gi g‡a¨ wgjbv_©K m¤úK© _vK‡j verb singular nq|
‡hgbt Slow and steady (win) the race.

Slow and steady wins the race.
16. wbw`©ó `yiZ¡, IRb, A_© ev mgq eySv‡j †Kvb subject plural n‡jI cieZ©x verb singular nq|
‡hgbt Ten miles (be) a long distance.

Ten miles is a long distance.
17. There ev here w`‡q evK¨ ïiæ n‡j cieZ©x verb wUi iƒc wba©vwiZ n‡e verb wUi cieZ©x noun Gi number Gi
Dci|
‡hgbt There (be) a high school in our village.

There is a high school in our village.
There (be) two high schools in our village.

There are two high schools in our village.
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18. `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK subject and Øviv hy³ n‡j verb plural nq|
‡hgbt Mita and Rita (be) friends.

Mita and Rita are friends.
19. `ywU singular noun and Øviv hy³ n‡jI hw` GKwUi c~‡e© article 'the' _v‡K, Z‡e verb wU singular n‡e| wKš‘
hw` `ywU Noun Gi c~‡e© article 'the' _v‡K, Z‡e verb wU plural n‡e|
‡hgbt The commander and captain (be) present there.

The commander and captain is present there.
The headmaster and the secretary (be) coming.

The headmaster and the secretary are coming.
20. A number of, majority of, a lot of a many BZ¨vw`i c‡i plural noun _vK‡j plural verb nq| wKš‘ The
number of, many a .......... BZ¨vw` subject wnmv‡e e‡m ZLb verb wU singular nq|
‡hgbt A number of boys (be) present there.

A number of boys were present there.
The number of students (be) 500.

The number of students is/was 500.
21. Sentence- G Modal Auxiliary verb- can, can't, but, had better, had rather, would better, would
rather, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, used to, have to, has to, had to,
ought to, need, dare BZ¨vw` _vK‡j, main verb wUi present form nq|
‡hgbt I must (help) the poor.

I must help the poor.
22. Passive voice Gi †ÿ‡Î- can be, could be, may be, might be, shall be, should be, will be, would
be, ought to be, have to be Gi c‡i verb wUi past participle form nq|
‡hgbt The injured person should be (remove) from the source of heat.

The injured person should be removed from the source of heat.
23. mvavibZ Infinitive to e¨vZxZ mKj preposition (in, at, on, of, for, from, by, with, without, within,
below, along, beside, beyond, before, up, after, into, across, above, over, behind, down, inside,
since, till, away, off, towards, around, through, onto) c‡i verb Gi mv‡_ ing †hvM Ki‡Z nq|
‡hgbt The boy was punished for (make) a noise.

The boy was punished for making a noise.
24. Infinitive 'to' Gi c‡i verb Gi present from e‡m| wKš‘ with an eye to, addition to, adverse to, be
used to, object to, confess to, with a view to, look forward to, looking for ward to, get used to
be accustomed to, be opposed to, prefer to, Gi c‡i verb _vK‡j, Zvi mv‡_ ing †hvM Ki‡Z nq|
‡hgbt She wanted to (do) the job.

She wanted to do the job.
I am looking forward to (hear) from you.

I am looking forward to hearing from you.
25. can not help, could not help, past, would you mind, mind, worth, feel, like BZ¨vw`i c‡i verb
_vK‡j verb Gi mwnZ mv‡_ ing nq|
‡hgbt Would you mind (open) the door.

Would you mind opening the door.
26. hw` †Kvb simple sentence- G `ywU verb _vK‡j eªv‡K‡Ui verb Gi mv‡_ ing †hvM Ki‡Z nq A_ev verb wUi c~‡e©
to emv‡Z nq| D‡Ïk¨ eySv‡Z verb wUi c~‡e© to emv‡Z nq|
‡hgbt I saw him (go).

I saw him going.
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 I don't want (leave) this place.

I don't want to leave this place.
27. Admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, dislike, finish, keep, miss, postpone, stop, suggest,
understand- cÖKw… Zi c‡i verb _vK‡j Zvi mv‡_ ing †hvM Ki‡Z nq|
‡hgbt Stop (write)

Stop writing.
28. Appear, ask, decide, demand, forget, happen, hope, learn, manage, neglect, offer, want,
prepare, promise, seem, remember BZ¨vw` verb ¸‡jvi ci me mgq to e‡m| Zvicvi verb Gi present
form nq|
‡hgbt She managed (hold) a meeting.

She managed to hold a meeting.
29. 'Have, has, had, get, got, getting, having BZ¨vw` causative verb| G‡`i c‡i verb Gi past participle nq|
‡hgbt He got his car (wash)

He got his car washed.
30. Passive voice Gi mKj †ÿ‡Î gyj verb Gi past participle form e‡m|
‡hgbt Rome was (not build) in a day.

Rome was not built in a day.
31. While Gi ci hw` †Kvb subject bv _v‡K, Z‡e Zvi wVK c‡ii verb wUi mv‡_ ing †hvM nq| wKš‘ while Gi c‡i
subject _vK‡j verb wU past continues tense nq|
‡hgbt While (walk) in the garden, he was beaten by a snake.

While walking in the garden, he was beaten by a snake.
While he (eat), he saw a bird.

While he was eating, he saw a bird.
32. Lest hy³ sentence G lest Gi c‡i subject+should/might+v1 e¨eüZ nq|
‡hgbt He ran fast lest he (miss) the train.

He ran fast lest he should miss the train.
33. ev‡K¨i ïiæ‡Z would that _vK‡j subject Gi c‡i could+ v1 e‡m|
‡hgbt Would that I (go) to America.

Would that I could go to America.
34. As if/as though, wish BZ¨vw`i c‡ii ïb¨¯’v‡b hw` be verb e‡m, Z‡e Zv mKj person Gi †ÿ‡Î were e‡m|
‡hgbt I wish I (be) a king.

I wish I were a king.
* wKš‘ had, if, wish hw` unreal past A‡_© e¨eüZ n‡j eªv‡K‡Ui verb hw` be bv nq Zvn‡j main verb Gi c~‡e©
could/would/might e‡m Ges verb Gi present form e‡m|
‡hgbt Had I the wings of a bird, I (fly) in the sky.

Had I the wings of a bird, I could fly in the sky.
35. As if/as though Gi cÖ_g Ask present indefinite tense n‡j, c‡ii Ask past indefinite tense nq wKš‘
cÖ_g Ask past indefinite tense n‡j, c‡ii Ask past perfect tense nq|
Present indefinite As if/ as though Past indefinite
Past indefinite As if/ as though Past perfect
‡hgbt He speaks as though he (known) everything.

He speaks as though he knew everything.
She proceeded as though I (not speak)

She proceeded as though I had not spoken.
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36. Since hy³ complex sentence Gi cÖ_g Ask present indefinite/present perfect tense n‡j, c‡ii Ask
past indefinite tense nq| wKš‘ cÖ_g Ask hw` past indefinite n‡j c‡ii Ask past perfect tense nq|
Present indefinite/present perfect
Since
Past indefinite
Past indefinite
Since
Past perfect
‡hgbt It has been many years since I (meet) you.

It has been many years since I met you.
It was long since I (see) him last.

It was long since I had seen him last.
37. No sooner had ----- than, scarcely ----- when, hardly ---- when _vK‡j cÖ_‡g eªv‡K‡Ui verb Gi past
participle Ges wØZxq verb Gi past form nq|
‡hgbt Hardly had we (reach) the station when it (begin) raining.

Hardly had we reached the station when it began raining
38. It is time, it is high time, wish, fancy BZ¨vw`i c‡i hw` subject _v‡K Z‡e verb Gi past form nq| wKš‘
It is time, it is high time Gi c‡i subject bv _vK‡j verb wUi infinitive n‡e, A_©vr verb Gi c~‡e© 'to' e‡m|
‡hgbt It is high time you (study) hard.

It is high time you studied hard.
It is time (protest) against corruption.

It is time to protest against corruption.
39. cÖavbZ if hy³ evK¨‡K conditional sentence ejv nq| GwU mvavibZ `ywU As‡k wef³| if conditionals g~jZ 8
cÖKvi| wb‡P Zz‡j aiv n‡jvt
Zero conditional If+ present indefinite+ present indefinite
(certain) If you heat water to 100 degree Celsius, it boils.
First conditional If+ present indefinite+ future indefinite
If it rains, they will not go out.
Second If+ past indefinite+ sub+ would/could/might+ V1+ object
conditional If I won the lottery, I would build a house with the money.
Third conditional If+ past perfect+ sub+ would have/could have/might have+ V3+object.
(a) If I had seen him, I would have given him the message.
Third conditional Had+ subj.+ V3+ obj.+ subj.+ would have/could have/might have+ V3+obj.
(b) Had I seen him, I would have given him the message.
* Z‡e if Qvov Av‡ivI wKQz conditional conjunction e¨eüZ nq, Zv‡`i g‡a¨ D‡jL‡hvM¨Ñ In case, unless,
provided that, providing that BZ¨vw`|
40. With, together with, along with, in addition to, as well as, including to, accompanied with/by,
and not/no Øviv `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK subjcet hy³ n‡j cÖ_g sunject Gi person and number Abymv‡i verb
wba©vwbZ nq|
‡hgbt Ali as well as his brothers (come) here.

Ali as well as his brothers has come here.
I and not my friends (be) to blame.

I and not my friends am to blame.
41. Gerund, infinitive, verbal noun ‡Kvb verb Gi subject n‡j verb wU singular nq|
‡hgbt To take drugs (lead) a man to death.

To take drugs leads a man to death.
42. Possessive case Gi c‡i verb _vK‡j verb Gi mv‡_ ing n‡q gerund nq|
‡hgbt I always remember your (stand) by me.

I always remember your standing by me.
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43. Complex sentence Gi main clause Gi verb wU past tense n‡j Ges c‡ii Ask next Gi c‡i day,
weak, month, year cÖf„wZi D‡jL _vK‡j D³ As‡k would+V1 e‡m|
‡hgbt He said that he (buy) a computer the next year.

He said that he would buy a computer the next year.
* wKš‘ mvavibZ that Øviv complex sentence Gi `ywU clause hy³ n‡j that Gi c~e©eZ©x clause wU past
indefinite tense nq| Ges cieZ©x clause wU past perfect tense nq|
‡hgbt Karim said that he (see) Rina dancing.

Karim said that he had seen Rina dancing.
44. Every, each, any, everyone, anything, nothing, someone, every thing, no, none, something,
someone, any one, BZ¨vw` hw` subject wnmv‡e KvR K‡i Zvn‡j Zv‡`i verb singular nq|
‡hgbt Each boy (have) a book.

Each boy has a book.
* wKš‘ hw` †Kvb plural subject Gi c‡i each e‡m Zvn‡j verb plural nq|
‡hgbt The students each (be) studying.

The students each are studying .
45. Subject Gi verb me mgq head word Abymv‡i nq|
‡hgbt The colour of his eyes (be) blue.

The colour of his eyes is blue.
46. As soon as hy³ complex sentence `ywU clause G past tense nq|
‡hgbt As soon as we reached at the station, the train left.
47. Singular subject, plural noun of w`‡q hy³ n‡jI verb singular nq|
‡hgbt One of the boys (be) brave.

One of the boys is brave
Neither of the two men (be) very weak.

Neither of the two men is/was very weak.
48. More than one, singular verb †K AbymiY K‡i wKš‘ more than two, three ----- cÖf„wZ plural verb †K
wb‡`©k K‡i|
‡hgbt More than a boy (be) guilty.

More than a boy was guilty.
More than two boys (be) present.

More than two boys were present.
49. Passive voice Gi †ÿ‡Î Auxiliary verb (am, is, are, was, were, am being, is being, are being,
was being, were being, have been, has been, had been, shall be, will be, shall be being, will be
being, shall have been, will have been) Gi c‡i main verb Gi past participle nq|
‡hgbt The book was (steal)

The book was stolen.
50. wKQz wKQz noun Av‡Q hv‡`i †`L‡Z plural g‡b n‡jI Zviv cÖKZ … c‡ÿ singular verb †K wb‡`©k K‡i| †hgbt
news, wages, politics, civics, whereabouts, statistics, mathematics, gallows, physics, small pox.
‡hgbt The wages of sin (be) death.

The wages of sin is death.
51. Half, heaps, lots, two-thirds, all, the grater part of, rest of, some of, three-fourths BZ¨vw` hw`
uncountable/singular noun Gi mv‡_ of Øviv hy³ nq, Z‡e k~Y¨¯’v‡bi verb wU singular noun nq| wKš‘ hw`
G¸‡jv plural Gi mv‡_ of Øviv hy³ _v‡K Zvn‡j verb wU plural n‡e|

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 ‡hgbt Half of the work (be) left.

Half of the work is left.
Half of the apples (be) bad.

Half of the apple were/are bad.
* Fraction ev fMœvsk hw` subject nq, Zvn‡j Zvi je 1 n‡j verb wU singular nq| Ab¨_vq plural n‡e|
52. One and a half plural noun wKš‘ verb singular n‡e|
‡hgbt One and a half lemons (be) enough.

One and a half lemons was enough.
53. MÖš’, msMVb, †`k, msev`cÎ, Pjw”PÎ, bvUK †Kv¤úvwb, g¨vMvwRb cÖf„wZ subject wnmv‡e em‡j verb wU singular nq|
‡hgbt Gulliver's Travels (gain) much popularity.

Gulliver's Travels gains much popularity.
54. wKQz noun (people, dozen, aristocracy, nobility, clergy, cattle, poultry, folk, gentry, vermin,
peasantry ‡`L‡Z singular n‡jI A‡_©i w`K †_‡K plural nq Ges Zv‡`i verb I plural nq|
‡hgbt Cattle (graze) in the field.

Cattle are gazing in the field.
55. Spectacles, scissors, tidings, wages, thanks, ashes, asserts, alms, aborigines, amends, auspices,
billiards, bowels, eves, entrails, measles, mumps, nuptials, odds, trousers, shorts, pants, jaws,
glasses, pliers, shears, vitals, proceeds, annals, bellows, environs BZ¨vw` noun Gi c‡i plural
verb e‡m|
‡hgbt My spectacles (have) become old.

My spectacles have become old.
56. Object compliment wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ object Gi cieZ©x verb Gi ing form nq|
‡hgbt I saw the boy (cry)

I saw the boy crying.
57. Collective noun mgwó GKK A‡_© singular verb nq| wKš‘ c„_K c„_K mËv eySv‡j verb plural nq|
‡hgbt The army (be) fled.

The army was fled.
The committee (divide) into one decision.

The committee were divided into one decision.
58. Complex/compound sentence- G GKUv clause past tense _vK‡j Ab¨wUI past tense nq, Z‡e
universal truth Gi †ÿ‡Î present tense nq|
‡hgbt When he finished the work, he (go) to bed.

When he finished the work, he went to bed.
He said that the sky (be) blue.

He said that the sky is blue.
59. So that, in order that BZ¨vw` Øviv `ywU clause hy³ _vK‡j wØZxq clause Gi can/could/may/might+ verb
Gi present form e¨eüZ nq|
‡hgbt The students studied diligently so that they (secure) scholarship.

The students studied diligently so that they might secure scholarship.
60. Arithmetical operations (MvwYwZK wµqv) Gi c‡i verb singular nq|
‡hgbt Five plus five (be) ten.

Five plus five is ten.
61. Subject Gi c‡i apposition e¨eüZ n‡j †m‡ÿ‡Î apposition bq subject Abymv‡i verb e¨eüZ nq|
‡hgbt You, headmaster of the school (be) honest.

You, headmaster of the school are honest.
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62. The+noun+of+noun Øviv ‡Kvb noun phrase subject wn‡m‡e em‡j cÖ_g noun Abymv‡i verb wba©vwiZ nq|
‡hgbt The percentage of good persons (be) very high.

The percentage of good persons is very high.
63. All hLb everything/whole A‡_© e¨eüZ nq ZLb all Gi mv‡_ singular verb e‡m| Avevi All hLb all
men/all things A‡_© e¨eüZ nq ZLb all Gi mv‡_ plural verb e‡m|
‡hgbt All that (glitter) is not gold.

All that glitters is not gold.
All men (be) present.

All men are present.
64. ‡Kvb †`‡ki bv‡g hw` †Ljvayjvi †Kvb team Gi bvgKiY Kiv nq Ges †Ljvayjv msµvšÍ †Kvb team Gi bv‡gi ci
memgq verb plural nq|
‡hgbt Bangladesh (win) by three wickets.

Bangladesh have won by three wickets.
65. GKvwaK noun, phrase wKsev clause and Øviv hy³ n‡j verb plural nq|
hgbt High and low and rich and poor (be) sure to die.

High and low and rich and poor are sure to die.
What you have seen and what you have known (be) not known to me.

What you have seen and what you have known are not known to me.

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