International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Special Issue, March 2019

E-ISSN: 2321-9637
Available online at www.ijrat.org

Smart Power Supply Control System

Alok Kumar1, Kaushal Varshney2, Manitosh Sharma3, Shreya Chauhan4,
Anuj Kumar Maurya5, Sushobhit Gangwar6
*
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Jaypee University Anoopshahr
Bulandshahr, India
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected],
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract- The system has been designed for logging ON/OFF automatically an electrical equipment multiple
number of times. The number of logging sessions depends upon the program burnt into the microcontroller used.
As the circuit is fully automatic, manual work required to switch any equipment ON/OFF is not required. To
keep track of the time and to switch ON/OFF equipment accordingly, a real time clock (RTC) has been placed in
the circuit. As every machine is designed to reduce the human effort, similarly our Smart Power Supply Control
System will also diminish the manual work required to operate any equipment. A microcontroller of 8051 series
has been interfaced to real time clock (RTC). Once a real time is entered, an electromagnetic switch so called
relay will turn the equipment ON/OFF as per the program. Microcontroller 8051 is the heart of the system as it is
one that gives command to the relay to do the work accordingly. The function of entering the multiple session
time (ON/OFF) has been performed by a matrix keypad and the function of displaying that time has been
performed by 7-Segment display used in the circuit.

Index Terms- Smart Systems; Automation; Real time Clock; AT89S52.

1. INTRODUCTION flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded

Smart power supply control system is a reliable circuit control applications.
that takes over the manual task of switch ON/OFF the
electrical devices with respect to time. It uses real time
clock (RTC) interfaced to a microcontroller of 8051
families. While the set time equals to the real time,
then microcontroller gives command to the
corresponding relay to turn ON the load and then
another command to switch OFF as per the program.
Multiple ON/OFF time entry is the biggest advantage
with this paper. A matrix keypad helps entering the
time. A 7-sement display is interfaced to the
microcontroller to display time.Further the idea can be
enhanced by interfacing a GSM modem to the existing
project so that the complete control of the load can be
done by sending an SMS to the control unit.

2. MICROCONTROLLER AT89S52

The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance Figure 1 : ATMEL AT89S8252

CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K bytes of in- Pin Diagram [1]
system programmable Flash memory [1]. The device
is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density non- 2.1. Features (AT89S52)-
volatile memory technology and is compatible with 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash
the industry standard 80C51 instruction set and pin Memory, Endurance: 10,000 Write/Erase Cycles, 4.0V
out. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to to 5.5V Operating Range, Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz
be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional non- to 33 MHz, 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM, and 32
volatile memory programmer. By combining a Programmable I/O Lines [1].
versatile 8-bit CPU with in-system programmable
Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a
powerful microcontroller which provides a highly-
 International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Special Issue, March 2019
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
Available online at www.ijrat.org
3. SEVEN SEGMENT DISPLAY
V1/V2=N1/N2.
The illustration to the right shows the basic layout of
the segments in a seven-segment display. The As N1/N2 i.e. no. of turns in the primary to the no. of
segments themselves are identified with lower-case turns in the secondary remains unchanged V2 is
letters "a" through "g," with segment "a" at the top and directly proportional to V1. Thus if the transformer
then counting clockwise. Segment "g" is the center delivers 12 V at 220 V input it will give 8.72 V at 160
bar. Most seven-segment digits also include a decimal V. Similarly, at 270 V it will give 14.72 V. Thus the
point ("dp"), and some also include an extra triangle to dc voltage at the input of the regulator changes from
turn the decimal point into a comma. This improves about 8 V to 15 V because of A.C voltage variation
readability of large numbers on a calculator, for from 160 V to 270 V the regulator output will remain
example. The decimal point is shown here on the constant at 5 V.
right, but some display units put it on the left, or have
a decimal point on each side. The regulated 5 V DC is further filtered by a small
electrolytic capacitor of 10 µF for any noise so
In addition, most displays are actually slanted a bit, generated by the circuit. One LED is connected of this
making them look as if they were in italics. This 5 V point in series with a current limiting resistor of
arrangement allows us to turn one digit upside down 330 Ω to the ground i.e., negative voltage to indicate 5
and place it next to another, so that the two decimal V power supply availability. The unregulated 12 V
points look like a colon between the two digits. The point is used for other applications as and when
technique is commonly used in LED clock displays. required.

5. RELAY

A relay is an electrically operated switch. Current

flowing through the coil of the relay creates a
magnetic field which attracts a lever and changes the
switch contacts. The coil current can be on or off so
relays have two switch positions and most have double
throw (changeover) switch contacts.

Figure 2: Seven Segment Display Layout [2]

Figure 3: Relay's Internal Layout

4. POWER SUPPLY

The circuit uses standard power supply comprising of

a step-down transformer from 230 V to 12 V and 4 6. TRANSISTOR
diodes forming a bridge rectifier that delivers
pulsating dc which is then filtered by an electrolytic An NPN transistor is "on" when its base is pulled high
capacitor of about 470 µF to 1000 µF. The filtered dc relative to the emitter. The arrow in the NPN transistor
being unregulated, IC LM7805 is used to get 5 V DC symbol is on the emitter leg and points in the direction
constant at its pin no 3 irrespective of input DC of the conventional current flow when the device is in
varying from 7 V to 15 V. The input dc shall be forward active mode. Whenever base is high, then
varying in the event of input ac at 230 volts’ section current starts flowing through base and emitter and
varies from 160 V to 270 V in the ratio of the after that only current will pass from collector to
transformer primary voltage V1 to secondary voltage emitter [3].
V2 governed by the formula
 International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Special Issue, March 2019
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
Available online at www.ijrat.org

A pushbutton switch is connected across the capacitor

so that at any given time as desired it can be pressed
such that it discharges the capacitor and while released
the capacitor starts charging again and then pin
number 9 goes to high and then back to low, to enable
the program execution from the beginning. This
operation of high to low of the reset pin takes place in
fraction of a second as decided by the time constant R
and C.

For example: A 10µF capacitor and a 10kΩ resistor

would render a 100ms time to pin number 9 from logic
high to low, there after the pin number 9 remains low.

Figure 4: Transistor's Working Layout [3] 7.2. External Access

Pin no 31 of 40 pin 8051 microcontroller termed as
EA is required to be connected to 5V for accessing the
program form the on-chip program memory. If it is
connected to ground, then the controller accesses the
7. CONNECTIONS TO 8051 program from external memory. However, as we are
using the internal memory it is always connected to
ATMEL series of 8051 family of micro controllers +5V.
need certain standard connections. The actual number
of the Microcontroller could be “89C51”, “89C52”, 7.3. Interconnections
“89S51”, “89S52”, and as regards to 20 pin The output of the power supply which is 5v is
configuration a number of “89C2051”. The 4 set of connected to the 40 pin of MC & GND is connected to
I/O ports are used based on the project requirement. its 20 pin. Pin’s 1 to 6 of MC are given to 1, 3, 5,
Every microcontroller requires a timing reference for 8,10,12 pins of inverter IC 74LS04 & the output pins
its internal program execution therefore an oscillator of the inverter IC 2,4,6,9,11,13 are given to input pins
needs to be functional with a desired frequency to of 1,2,3,4,5,6 of relay driver IC. ULN2003A.
obtain the timing reference as t =1/f. Pin 14 of 74LS04 and 9 of ULN2003A are given to 5v
supply. Pin 7 of 74LS04 and 8 of ULN2003A are
A crystal ranging from 2 to 20 MHz is required to be given to GND. Pin’s 15 & 10 of ULN2003A are given
used at its pin number 18 and 19 for the internal to relay’s. Pin’s 11 to 14 of MC are given to Rows A,
oscillator. It may be noted here the crystal is not to be B, C, D of Matrix keypad. Pin’s 15 to 17 of MC are
understood as crystal oscillator. It is just a crystal, given to 1, 2, 3 columns of keypad. Pin’s 3, 4 of RTC
while connected to the appropriate pin of the IC DS1307 are given to 3 V battery. Pin 1, 2 of IC
microcontroller it results in oscillator function inside DS1307are given to Crystal Oscillator 32.788KHz
the microcontroller. Typically, 11.0592 MHz crystal is Pins of MC. Pin’s 7, 8 of IC DS1307 are given to
used in general for most of the circuits using 8051 collector of Transistor Q4 that drive’s fourth seven
series microcontroller. Two small value ceramic segment display. Pin’s 26 to 32 of MC are given to
capacitors of 33pF each is used. bare terminals of transistor’s Q1 to Q4. Pin’s 33 to 39
of MC are given to anodes of multiple seven segment
7.1. Reset display.
Pin no 9 is provided with a reset arrangement by a
combination of an electrolytic capacitor and a register
forming RC time constant. At the time of switch on, 8. WORKING
the capacitor gets charged, and it behaves as a full
short circuit from the positive to the pin number 9. The project uses one real time clock IC DS1307 i.e.,
After the capacitor gets fully charged the current stops interface to the MC pin 27 & 28. A matrix keypad is
flowing and pin number 9 goes low which is pulled used for setting the time, relay ON time & OFF time.
down by a 10k resistor to the ground. This The relay is driven by pin 25 of MC through driving
arrangement of reset at pin 9 going high initially and transistor BC547. Seven segment LEDs are parallel
then to logic 0 i.e., low helps the program execution to connected to Port 0 through driving transistors BC547
start from the beginning. In absence of this the to the respective, anode of seven segment LED display
program execution could have taken place arbitrarily as per the operation which is explained above and the
anywhere from the program cycle. operation procedures.
 International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Special Issue, March 2019
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
Available online at www.ijrat.org

Figure 5: System, when real time (ex- 11:00)

is entered Figure 7: System gets OFF after required
time interval (ex- after 1 min i.e., 11:02)
Enter the Current real time using keypad. Then press
‘#’ to store the real time. After that press ‘*’ display
shows all dashes. Then enter the 1st ON time of load.
After that press ‘*’ to save the 1st ON time. Then 9. CONCLUSION
press ‘*’ display shows all dashes. After that enter the Present day most of the power supply operations are
1st OFF time of load. Then press ‘*’ to save the 1st carried out manually. The main disadvantage of this is
OFF time. Continue this procedure for 3 ON times & that one person has to be alert for this. To overcome
3 OFF times. Then press ‘*’ to get the real time. from this, we decided to prepare the circuit which is
operated automatically and thus reduce human efforts
and also save electricity. Due to automatic system, the
operation is reliable, provides fixed and accurate time,
have fast response to disturbances, time editable
facility is available and its compact in size so takes
less space.

REFERENCES
[1] http://www.alldatasheet.com/, “Pin Diagram and
datasheet of ATMEL AT89S8252”.
[2] https://www.electronicshub.org/
[3] http://delegatecurtanderson.com/
[4] Mokhtari, H., Dewan, S. B., & Travani, M. R.,
“Performance evaluation of thyristor based static
transfer switch”, Power Delivery, IEEE
Transactions on, (pp. 960-966), IEEE, 2000
[5] Ashour, H., “Automatic transfer switch (ATS)
using programmable logic controller (PLC)”. In
Mechatronics, Proceedings of the IEEE
International Conference on (pp. 531-535), IEEE,
Figure 6: System gets ON after required time 2004.
interval (ex- after 1 min i.e., 11:01)