International Journal of Research in Engineering and Science (IJRES)

ISSN (Online): 2320-9364, ISSN (Print): 2320-9356

www.ijres.org Volume 11 Issue 5 ǁ May 2023 ǁ PP. 712-721

Analysis and Design of G+8 RCC Building Using ETABS

Mr. Saurabh N. Ugale1, Mr. Sachin U. Pagar. 2
1
PG student, Department of Civil Engineering, K. C. T. LT. G. N. Sapkal College of Engineering, Nashik
2
Prof, Department of Civil Engineering, K. C. T. LT. G. N. Sapkal College of Engineering, Nashik

ABSTRACT:
Planning and designing a structure is an art to achieve safety, serviceability, durability and economy. The entire
process of structural planning and designing requires not only imagination and conceptual thinking but also
sound knowledge of science of structural engineering besides knowledge of practical aspects, such as relevant
design codes and building by-laws backed up by example experience.The functional requirements and aspects of
aesthetics are looked into normally by an architect while the aspect of safety, serviceability, durability and
economy of the structure is attended by structural engineer.
For this purpose, a site is selected in which a building of eight-storey (G+8) is constructed. Each floor has four
apartments consisting of all facilities required for a residential house like bedroom, toilet, living, dining, and
kitchen and store room. The present project deals with the analysis and design of the apartment building. For
the purpose of analysis and design, only the dead load and live load are considered. Effect of wind load is not
considered as it is not significant for an eight-storey building. The values of dead loads are taken as per IS-875
(Part 1) and the live loads from IS-875(Part2). Here, AutoCAD is used to prepare a plan and elevation. It
involves outer appearance of the plan and elevation.
E-Tabs software tool is used for the Analysis purpose. Design of structural components like slabs, beams,
columns, footings etc. is done manually. In this project work, all building by-laws are followed and are going to
be implemented.
The following codes are used for the design.
- Plain and Reinforced Concrete – Code of Practice (IS: 456-2000)
- Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete (SP-16)
- Code of Practice of Design loads (IS: 875 (Part1 and Part2)).
Key words: Analysis, Design, G+8, ETabs, IS.
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Date of Submission: 14-05-2023 Date of acceptance: 26-05-2023
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I. INTRODUCTION
An apartment building is actually a single storey house and it’s a part of a multi storey building, in
which many houses are built. There are different types of apartments such as studio, alcove, convertible studio,
loft, garden apartments etc. in which we are designing the garden type of apartment, which includes garden, lane
in addition to living area, rooms, kitchen, bathroom, toilet, back yard,etc. This apartment is also called as FLAT or
UNIT.
Due to growing population and less availability of land this multi storey buildings are constructed
which serve many people in a limited area, more over the deforestation is avoided and its sense of development is
an important indicator of social progress of the country. On an average generally one spends his two third of his/her
life time in the house. Nowadays the house building is a major work of the social progress of the country, daily
new technique is developed for the construction of house economically, quickly and fulfilling the requirements of
thecommunity. Engineers do the planning, designing, planning layout etc.
The building is designed by considering only vertical loads. Because here we are designing only G+8
where there is no necessity of considering the wind load. The vertical load consists of dead load of structural
components such as beam, column, slabs etc. and live load by using the code IS – 875(Part 1 and Part 2). The
building is designed as two-dimensional vertical frame and analyzed for the maximum bending moments and
shear force as per IS 456-2000. The E Tabssoftware is used for analysis.

II. OBJECTIVES OF STUDY:

The main Objectives of this Project are:
1.To Complete analysis and design for a G+8 Structure.
2. Analysis of a structure is done for both gravity loads & lateral loads.
3.Analysis for gravity loads is done using substitute frame method and that of lateral loads can be done using
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 Analysis and Design of G+8 RCC Building Using ETABS
two methods namely Static and Dynamic Analysis.
4.For the analysis of lateral loads, portal frame method is adopted. Coming to the Dynamic analysis Seismic
Analysis are done.

III. LITERATURE REVIEW:

The extensive literature review was carried out by referring standard journals, reference books, I.S. codes and
conference proceeding. The major work carried out by different researchers is summarized below.
Sayyed A.Ahad, Hashmi S Afzal, Shivaj and Shaikh Ammar In this paper Analysis and Design of an
apartment building having G+10 Storeys is done. Analysis is done by using the software ETABS, which proved
to be premium of great potential in analysis and design of various sections. The structural elements like RCC
frame. As per the soil investigation report, an Isolated footing is provided. All the structural components were
designed manually and detailed using AutoCAD 2018. The analysis and design was done according to standard
specifications to the possible extend. The various difficulties encountered in the design process and the various
constraints faced by the structural engineer in designing up to the architectural drawing were also understood.
Ali Kadhim Sallal In this paper the value of DL, LL and FF loads obtained by the ETABS program are similar
to the manually calculated values. The analysis results of the structural integrity of building in withstanding the
design earthquake loadings was conducted and was judged to be safe. Various important results like bending
moments, shear force and deflection results are similar to the manually calculated values.
R Sanjaynath, Mr. K. Prabin Kumar They did a study on “Planning, Analysis and Design of (G+20) multi-
storey Residential Building using ETABS”. Auto Cad is a designing and drafting software which is used for
developing 2dimensional and 3- dimensional structures, developed and sold by Autodesk, Inc. It is a vector
graphics drawing programmed. It uses primitive entities comparable to lines, polylines, circles, arcs and text as
the foundation for the complex. Auto CAD’s native file format, DWG, and to a lesser extent, its interchange file
format, DXF has become the drawing and detailing works were done by creating use of Auto CAD 2014.

IV. METHODOLOGY
1. Inspection OF SITE
2. Planing of building
3. System design and numbering of grids
4. Preliminary design of beams, column, roof and floor slabs and footing
5. Modeling of 3d frames
6. Computation of loads
7. Analysis of 3d frames
8. Final design of beam,column and other elements
9. Structural detailing

V. PROBLEM STATEMENT
Utility of building: Apartment ComplexNumber of Stories: G+8
Number of Staircase for each floor: 2
Type of Wall: Bricks
Floor to Floor height: 3 m
The structure is modeled in ETABs software.

Table 1. INPUT PARAMETER OF ETABS MODELLING

Sr No. Parameter Details

1 Plinth Height 1.2m to 1.5m
2 Building type RCC Framed Structure
3 Building designation G+8 RCC Building
4 Plan of 8 storey Building (35.20 X 15.35)m
5 Column Details (230X600)
6 Beam Detail’s (230X450)
7 Slab Thickness 125
8 Grade of Concrete M25
9 Grade of steel Fe500
10 Safe bearing capacity of soil 300 KN /M2

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 Analysis and Design of G+8 RCC Building Using ETABS
11 Type of slab Conventional one way &2-way slab
12 Zone as per seismic zones of map of India givenin IS III
1893 (part 1):2016
13 Zone Factor Z as per Table 3 of IS 1893 (part 0.16
1):2016
14 Types of soil Medium Soil
15 Basic wind speed 39 m/s
16 Type of foundation Pad Footing
17 Type of staircase C Type

fig 1. 1Plan of the Building

VI. STEPS IN MODELLING OF 3D FRAME

Step by Step Procedure of ETAB modelling
Step 1) Grid formation along X & Y direction in order to develop the model of the building in grid pattern and
input for storey data right from base to top storey.
Step 2) Define Material properties for concrete -M25
Step 3) Define material property of rebar-Fe500
Step 4) Define sectional properties for column, beam, slab & core wall
Step 5) Creation of slab & beam layout for typical story
Step 6) Define Load Patterns
Step 7) Define Load Combination
We are using different of load combinations in Etab software

1.5(DL+LL) 1.5(DL - ELX)

1.2(DL+LL+ELX) 1.5(DL+ELY)
1.2(DL+LL-ELX) 1.5(DL+ELX)
1.2(DL+LL+ELY) 0.9DL+1.5ELX
1.2(DL+LL-ELY) 0.9DL-1.5ELX

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 Analysis and Design of G+8 RCC Building Using ETABS
1.5(DL+ELX) 0.9DL+1.5ELY
0.9DL-1.5ELY

Step 8) Assign the Loads

Step 9) Assign diaphragms to whole structure
Step 10) Assign meshing to slab elements & shear wall
Step 11) Define Mass source to complete structure (D.L. +0.25L.L.)
Since the live load class is 2 kN /sqm ( < 3 kN /sqm), Only 25 % of the live load is lumped at the floors. -As per
Table 10 of IS1893(Part 1):2016
Total seismic weight of the structure = Σ n x floor area x (D.L.+0.25L.L.)Where n= no. of floors.
Step 12) Check Model before analysis
Step 13) Run analysis for static earthquake load combinations
Step 14) If base shear calculated by dynamic analysis is less than base shear in static analysis (i.e. RSX < EQX;
RSY<EQY), all the response quantities are tobe scaled up as below:
Scale factor = (I x g)/2R x (0.8) x ( Eq static base shear / Response spectrum Base shear)
Where I=Importance factor = 1g = Acceleration due to gravityR= Response reduction factor
Step 15) Final Run analysis using scale factor.
Step 16) Results are tabulated to study structural behaviors of building.

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 Analysis and Design of G+8 RCC Building Using ETABS

fig 2. 3D model view in ETABS

fig 3. Front elevation and isometric view

VII. COMPUTAION OF LOADS

A. Table 2 Properties of Member Sections
Member Sections Dimensions (mm)
Slab Thickness 125
Beams B230x450
Columns C230x600

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 Analysis and Design of G+8 RCC Building Using ETABS
Load Calculation
The various loads considered for analysis were: -
1. Dead Loads
The dimensions of the cross section are to be assumed initially which enable to estimate the dead load from
values of the unit weights of the structure. The values of the unit weight of the materials are specified in IS
875:1987(Part-I). As per IS875: 1987 (part I).
 Unit weight of brick = 18 kN/m
 Unit weight of concrete = 25 kN/m3Here a sample calculation is shown:
Wall Load
1. External wall load
Thickness of wall = 230 mm
Wall load = unit weight of brick x thickness of wall x( floor height –beam depth)
=15 x 0.23 x 3
= 10.35 kN/m
2. Internal wall load
Thickness of wall = 150mm
Wall load = 15 x 0.15 x 3 = 6.75 kN/m
Floor Load
Thickness of slab = 125 mm
Slab load (s1) = 0.075 x 20 = 1.5 kN/m2 Floor finish = 1 kN/m2 (as per IS 875 part
1)Total floor load = 2.5 kN
Slunk Slab
Thickness of Slab =150
Slab load = 0.23x20=4.6 kN/M2
Staircase Slab = 0.15 x20=3.75kn/m
Beam Load
Beam Load = 25 x b x D
= 25 x 0.23 x 0.45
= 2.587 kN/m
Live Load
Live Loads are also known as imposed loads and consist of allloads other than the dead loads of the structure. The
standard values are stipulatedin IS875:1987 (part II).

Table 3. Live Loads

Area Live Load (kn/m2)
Lobby 3
Corridors 3
Lift 2
Bedroom 2
Kitchen 2
Living Room 3
Terrace Floor 3
LMR 2

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 Analysis and Design of G+8 RCC Building Using ETABS

fig 4 SFD AND BMD

fig 5. All Load combination

Design of Slab Floor Systems

The (horizontal) floor system resists the gravity loads (dead loads and live loads) acting on it and
transmits these to the vertical framing system. In this process, the floor system is subjected primarily to flexure
and transverse shear, whereas the vertical frame elements are generally subjected to axial compression, often
coupled with flexure and shear. The floor also serves as a horizontal diaphragm connecting together and
stiffening the various vertical frame elements. Under the action of lateral loads, the floor diaphragm behaves

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 Analysis and Design of G+8 RCC Building Using ETABS
rigidly (owing to its high in-plane flexural stiffness), and effectively distributes the lateral load effects to the
various vertical frame elements and shear walls. In cast-in-situ reinforced concrete construction, the floor
system usually consists of one of the following:

Wall-Supported or Beam Slab System:

In this system, the floor slabs, generally are supported on load-bearing walls (masonry) or on beams.
The slab panels are usually rectangular in shape, and can be supported in a number of ways.
When the slab is supported only on two opposite sides, the slab bends in one direction only; hence, it is
called a one-way slab. When the slab is supported on all four sides, and the plan dimensions of length and
breadth are comparable to each other, the slab bends in two directions (along the length and along the breadth);
hence, it is called a two-way slab.
However, if the plan is a long rectangle (length greater than about twice the width), the bending along
the longitudinal direction is negligible in comparison with that along the transverse (short-span) direction, and the
resulting slab action is effectively one-way. If the wall extends above the floor level, the slab is no more simply
supported; the partial fixity at the support introduces hogging moments in the slab. Furthermore, twisting
moments are also introducedat the corners that are restrained (not free to lift up).
Generally, slabs are cast in panels that are continuous over several wall supports, and are called one-
way continuous or two-way continuous slabs, depending on whether the bending is predominantly along one
direction or two directions. Hogging moments are induced in the slab in the region adjacent to the continuous
support. In this building the slabs are designed as two-way slabs supported on beams with different end
conditions and these designs.

Design of Beam
A beam is a structural element that primarily resists loads applied laterallyto the beam's axis. Its mode of
deflection is primarily by bending. The loads applied to the beam result in reaction forces at the beam's support
points. The total effect of all the forces acting on the beam is to produce shear forces and bending moments
within the beam, that in turn induce internal stresses, strains and deflections of the beam. Beams are
characterized by their manner of support, profile (shape of cross-section), equilibrium conditions and their
material.
Classification of beams based on supports:
1. Simply supported – a beam supported on the ends which are free to rotate andhave no moment resistance.
2. Fixed – a beam supported on both ends and restrained from rotation.
3. Over hanging – a simple beam extending beyond its support on one end.
4. Double overhanging – a simple beam with both ends extending beyond itssupports on both ends.
5. Continuous – a beam extending over more than two supports.
6. Cantilever – a projecting beam fixed only at one end.
This building consists of continuous beams, simply supported beam andcantilever beam

Design of Columns
Columns are basically rigid vertical structural members designed primarily to support axial compressive
loads coming from beams and slabs and then transfer it to ground through footing. These are skeletal structural
elements, whose cross-sectional shapes may be rectangular, square, circular, L-shaped, etc. — often as specified
by the architect. The size of the column section is dictated, from a structural viewpoint, by its height and the
loads acting on it — which, in turn, depend on the type of floor system, spacing of columns, number of storeys,
etc. The column is generally designed to resist axial compression combined with (biaxial) bending moments that
are induced by ‘frame action’ under gravity and lateral loads. These load effects are more pronounced in the
lower storeys of tall buildings; hence, high strength concrete (up to 50 MPa) with high reinforcement area (up to
4 percent of the concrete area) is frequently adopted in such cases, to minimize the column size. In some
situations, the column height between floor slabs may be excessive (more than one storey height); in such cases,
it is structurally desirable to reduce the unsupported length of the column by providing appropriate tie beams;
otherwise, the columns should be properly designed as slender columns. The design of rectangular biaxial
columns in the given building is shown below

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 Analysis and Design of G+8 RCC Building Using ETABS

B. fig 3. 29Column Reinforcement Arrangements (230X600)

Design of Footings
In a typical structure built on ground, that part of the structure which is located above ground is generally
referred to as the superstructure, and the part which lies below ground is referred to as the substructure or the
‘foundation structure’ (or simply, foundation).

The purpose of the foundation is to effectively support the superstructure by

1. Transmitting the applied load effects (reactions in the form of vertical and horizontal forces and moments) to
the soil below, without exceeding the ‘safebearing capacity’ of the soil, and
2. Ensuring that the settlement of the structure is within tolerable limits, and as nearly uniform as possible.
Further, the foundation should provide adequate safety against possible instability due to overturning or sliding
and/or possible pull-out. Design against forces inducing overturning and sliding are of special importance in the
design ofretaining walls, whose very purpose is to provide lateral support to earth fill / embankment in order to
retain the side of the earth fill in a vertical position. The choice of the type of foundation depends not only on the
type of the superstructureand the magnitudes and types of reactions induced at the base of the superstructure, but
also on the nature of the soil strata on top of which the substructure is to be founded. There are different types of
footing they are,
1. Pad footing.
2. Isolated footing.
3. Combined footing.
4. Wall footing.

Pad Footing- Foundations which carry and spread concentrated loads to the soil from superstructures is called
pad foundation. They are usually placed to transfer point loads from the column or framed structures and
consists of a concrete block or concrete pad. Pad foundations may be square, rectangular or circular in shape. If
the padis subjected to a heavy loaded structure, the pad footing may be stepped. The loads from the structure are
simply distributed by the pad to the bearing layer of soil. Pad foundations are also used to support ground
beams.
Followings are the types of pad foundation used in construction
1. Plain Concrete Pad Foundation
2. Reinforced Concrete Pad Foundation
3. Combined Pad Foundation
4. Continuous Pad Foundation
5. Pad Foundations with Ground Beam

VIII. CONCLUSION:
Planning, analysis and design of G+8 multi-storey Apartment building was done. The analysis was
done according to standard specifications using ETABS for different loads. The dimensions of structural
members were specified and dead load and live load were applied. All the structural components were designed
manually and detailed using AutoCAD 2018. Beams, columns and slabs were designed for bending moment, axial
loads, shear and checked for deflection. The design was safe and economical design was achieved. Through this
project enough analysis and design knowledge was gained.

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 Analysis and Design of G+8 RCC Building Using ETABS
REFERENCES
[1]. Sayyed A. Ahad, Hashmi S Afzal, Shivaj and Shaikh Ammar. “Analysis and Design of Multistory Apartment Building Using
ETABS”, International Journal of Engineering and Computer Science ISSN: 2319-7242.
[2]. Ali Kadhim Sallal, “Design and Analysis 10 Storied building using ETABS software-2016”, International Journal of Research in
Advanced Engineering andTechnology.
[3]. R Sanjaynath, Mr. K. Prabin Kumar. “Planning, Analysis and Design of (G+20) multi-storey Residential Building using
STAAD.PRO”, International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics ISSN: 1314-3395.
[4]. Nagaratna S A, Ranjita N H, Vijaykumar K J. “Analysis and Design of Multistory Building (G+3) By Using ETABS”, International
Research Journal of Engineering and Technology IRJET.
[5]. Dinesh Ranjan. S, Aishwarya Lakshmi. V (2017). “Design and Analysis of an Institutional Building”, International e-Journal for
Technology and Research

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