KOLA PERUMAL CHETTY VAISHNAV SENIOR

SECONDARY SCHOOL

MATHEMATICS
PROJECT

NAME :
CLASS :
 KOLA PERUMAL CHETTY VAISHNAV SENIOR
SECONDARY SCHOOL
815, Kola perumal street, Arumbakkam,Chennai-600106

Registration Number :
Certified Bonafide of work done by :
During the year 20 - 20

PRINCIPAL INTERNAL EXAMINER

Submitted to the practical examination held on

at the Kola Perumal Chetty Vaishnav
Senior Secondary School 815, Kola Perumal
Street, Arumbakkam , Chennai-600106.

EXTERNAL
SEAL DATE :
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, I would like to thank the lord almighty
for his gracious blessings to complete the project
successfully.
I take this opportunity to express a deep sense of gratitude
to Shri. T. RAMASUBRAMANIAM (Principal) for great
support and guidance that helped me to complete this task
through various stages.
I also take this opportunity to express my profound
indebtedness and deep regard to my maths teacher
Shri S. SARAVANAN for exemplary guidance and
constant encouragement throughout the course of this
project. The grace, help and guidance given by them time
to time will carry me a long way in this journey of life on
which I am about to embark.
I also thank my parents and friends for their consistent
encouragement and the unbroken confidence the had in me
while undertaking this project.

Thank you
 TABLE OF CONTENT
S.No CONTENTS Pg No.
1 INTRODUCTION 1

2 SYMMETRY 3

3 PATTERN 6

4 GEOMETRY 7

5 FRACTAL 8

6 DESIGN 11

7 BIBLIOGRAPHY 12
 INTRODUCTION

Generally connecting mathematics with arts, such as

cinematography, drama, literature, music and visual
arts, has been considered as a helpful strategy for
instructing mathematics for several reasons. First of all,
by providing an environment that is considered to be
less stressful and psychologically safe increases
students’ inspiration and results (Jensen, 1998). When
students are worried, achievement lessens because
they are preoccupied with a nervous and worrying
feeling, distracting them from the actual mathematical
tasks (Covington 1999). These worried students could
miss a lot of the information they are intended to learn
because their focus is derived and deprived from their
fear of mathematics, instead of the task to be learnt
(Siegel 1999). Have you ever heard about the Golden
Ratio? Often known as the Divine Proportion, this is a
real irrational constant in algebra with an approximate
value of 1,618. This constant (as the name implies,
something set, an opposition to the idea of variable) is
represented by the Greek letter φ and is a tribute to an
artist: the sculptor Phidias, who used this proportion to
build one of the most famous
architectural projects of Antiquity:
The Parthenon.
One of the most famous pieces of
art, known as the Mona Lisa ,
painted by Leonardo Da Vinci, is
drawn according to the Golden
Ratio. Throughout the painting, the
Mona Lisa has many golden
rectangles. Through drawing a
circle around her face, we can see it’s golden too.
When we split the rectangle with a line drawn over her
eyes, we get another golden rectangle, which means
that her eyes have a golden proportion of her head
length. Certain golden rectangles can be drawn on the
rest of her body, as from her neck to the top of her
hands.
 SYMMETRY
 Symmetry in art is a formal type of balance that
consists of mirroring portions of an image. As a
general rule, a symmetrical drawing has identical
parts mirrored across the symmetry line, implied or
actual.

 It can be found almost everywhere in nature, even in

the human body itself,
starting from your very
own face. Leaves,
flowers, fruit, butterfly
wings – look closely, and
you will find
symmetrical things
everywhere around you.

 It is also quite common in many major architectural

works and styles – it gives buildings a tone of power,
stability, and monumentality.

 SYMMETRY AND ARCHITECTURE

 Symmetry in Architecture acts as the basic design

principle of arranging things in a way that is both
harmonious and balanced.

 Architectural symmetry preference often affects

aesthetic, historical, and cultural characteristics.
 SYMMETRY : AFRICAN CULTURE
 SYMMETRY : MANDALAS

 Mandala is a Sanskrit word that

means circle. It is a symbolic
representation of the universe,
often used in Hinduism, Buddhism,
and other cultures as a spiritual
and artistic tool.

 There are different types and

purposes of mandalas, such as
teaching, healing, and
meditation. Some mandalas are
made of sand, which are then
ceremonially destroyed to
symbolise the impermanence of
life.

 Mandalas can also be found in

nature, such as in flowers,
snowflakes, shells, and celestial
bodies. They reflect the harmony,
balance, and beauty of the natural
order and the cycles of existence.
 PATTERNS

 Patterns in art refer to the repetition

and ordered arrangement of a design.
Patterns are made by arranging shapes,
lines, and forms in such a way that the
art elements repeat. The part of the
pattern that repeats is known as a
motif.

 The four prominent

types of patterns in art
are natural/organic,
man-made, geometric,
and irregular.

 PATTERNS IN 3D GEOMETRY

 Three-dimensional geometry, also

known as 3D geometry, is a branch of
mathematics that deals with the
properties and relationships of objects
in three-dimensional space.

 3D space has three mutually

perpendicular axes, typically labelled
x, y, and z. This allows us to describe
the position, orientation, and
 movement of objects in three dimensions using
coordinates and vectors.

GEOMETRY IN ISLAMIC ART AND

ARCHITECTURE

 Islamic geometric patterns are

one of the major forms of Islamic
ornament, which tends to avoid
using figurative images, as it is
forbidden to create a
representation of an important
Islamic figure according to many
holy scriptures.

 Geometric patterns occur

in a variety of forms in
Islamic art and
architecture. These include
kilim carpets, Persian girih
and Moroccan zellij tile
work, muqarnas decorative
vaulting, jali pierced stone
screens, ceramics, leather,
stained glass, woodwork, and metalwork.

 GEOMETRIC SHAPES REPEATED

TILING
  A tessellation or tiling is the covering of
a surface, often a plane, using one or
more geometric shapes, called tiles,
with no overlaps and no gaps. In
mathematics, tessellation can be
generalised to higher dimensions and a
variety of geometry.
 The patterns formed by periodic tilings can be
categorised into 17 wallpaper groups. A tiling that
lacks a repeating pattern is called "non-periodic".

 The mathematical elegance of

these designs is that no matter
how elaborate they are, they are
always based on grids
constructed using only a ruler
and a pair of compasses.

FRACTAL
 Fractal, in mathematics, any
of a class of complex
geometric shapes that
commonly have “fractional
dimension,” a concept first
introduced by the
mathematician Felix
Hausdorff in 1918. Fractals
are distinct from the simple
figures of classical, or Euclidean, geometry—the
square, the circle, the sphere, and so forth.
 FRACTAL ARCHITECTURE

 The mathematics of fractals has

been used to show that the reason
why existing buildings have
universal appeal and are visually
satisfying is because they provide
the viewer with a sense of scale at
different viewing distances.

 In Hindu temples such as the

Virupaksha temple at Hampi, the
parts and the whole have the same
character.

 FRACTAL IN NATURE

 Fractals are shapes that exhibit

self-similarity and are present
all around us in nature.

 They are capable of describing

many irregularly shaped objects
or spatially nonuniform
phenomena in nature such as
coastlines and mountain ranges .
 Fractal patterns are deemed as the most beautiful
and exquisite structures produced by nature .

 Examples of fractals in nature include hurricanes,

trees, mountains, rivers, seashells, coastlines, and
the edge of a snowflake
 FRACTAL IN ARTS

 Fractal art is a kind of

algorithmic art that uses
mathematical principles
to create artwork .

 The artist calculates

fractal objects and
displays the results as
still images, animations,
and media .

 Fractal art is achieved through

the mathematical calculations
of fractal objects being
visually displayed, with the
use of self-similar transforms
that are generated and
manipulated with different
assigned geometric properties
to produce multiple variations
of the shape in continually
reducing patterns .

 Fractal art elements are abstract elements that have

an obviously digitally-created look and style
 MATHS AND DESIGN IN ART

 Mathematics goes hand in hand with art and design

because the human brain appreciates and
understands consistency.

 It is also why patterns frequently appear in art and

design.

 It is one thing when this is done by the mathematics

of design, for example, painting something that lacks
symmetry for effect.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
https://www.wikipedia.org/
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https://byjus.com/
https://www.aakash.ac.in
https://www.icbse.com
https://www.toppr.com
https://www.quora.com