HISTORY

SELF ASSESSMENT PAPER - 1

SOLUTIONS
Part-I
Ans 1. The War of 1857 was hailed as the ‘First War of (i) They trained people in politics by
Independence’ because it provided inspiration popularising the ideas of democracy, civil
to the leaders and to the people to fight for liberties, secularism and nationalism.
independence from the British rule. (ii) They created a national awakening among
Ans 2. Two contributions of Dadabhai Naoroji to the the people that they belonged to one great
National Movement: country. This made the Indians conscious of
(i) He exposed the real imperialistic motive of the bonds of common political, economic and
the Britishers in India through his theory of cultural interest that united them.
‘Drain of Wealth’. Ans 4. Lala Lajpat Rai started the paper ‘Young India’,
(ii) To avoid a split in the Congress, he advocated while in the US to create awareness about the
for adoption of the Policy of Swaraj. aspiration of the citizens of India in the US.
Ans 3. The two achievements of the Moderates were as Ans 5. The Muslim League was formally formed on
follows : December 30, 1906. It was Presided by Nawab
Salimullah at Dhaka.
Part-II
Section-A
Ans 6.(a) Vernacular Press Act, (1878) : The Vernacular (v)  Rising Indian Capitalist class felt that its
Press Act was passed on 14th March 1878, by growth was severely affected by trade,
the Governor Lord Lytton. It was introduced for traffic, taxation and transport policies of the
keeping a better control on the Indian language British.
newspapers and for representing the speech (vi) Millions of craftsmen were impoverished.
inciting rebellion against the British authority. (vii) A large number of Indians realized that
This Act was not applicable to English newspapers. British rule was the cause of India’s economic
In the year 1882, this Act was repealed by Lord backwardness.
Ripon.
(viii)Frequent famines, droughts and epidemics
(b) The Economic Exploitation of India: weakened the Indian economy.
(i) Every section of the Indian society discovered (ix) The poor economic plight of India led to the
that its interests suffered at the hands of the growth of anti-British feeling in India.
British.
(c) The influence of Western Education:
(ii) The peasants saw that the British took a large
part of their produce as land revenues. The (i) It provided opportunities for assimilating
Government and its machinery protected the ideas of Democracy and Nationalism.
zamindars and landlords. (ii) Educated Indians had access to ideals of
(iii) Workers in modern factories found that Liberty, Equality, Nationality, rule of law and
the Government sided up with the foreign self-Government.
Capitalists. (iii) The English language too served as a link
(iv) Educated Indians hoped that British language in uniting people and developing a
Capitalism would help to develop India’s sense of National Consciousness.
productive forces, but found that British (iv) People in India drew inspiration from the
policies in India were keeping the country American War of Independence and the
economically backward. French Revolution.
Section-B
Ans 7 (a) The person represented in the picture is Bal Patriotism and making the Congress Movement
Gangadhar Tilak, known as ‘the Father of broad-based. He was truly an Extremist leader
the Assertive Nationalists’. He played an as he did not believe in the constitutional
important role in popularising the cult of methods of petitions, prayers and protests for
2 Oswaal ICSE Question Bank Chapterwise & Topicwise, HISTORY & CIVICS, Class-X

getting reforms from the British. Tilak was the (vii) Removal of restrictions imposed by the British
first to openly declare the demand for Swaraj. Government on the Freedom of Speech and
He said ‘Swaraj is my birth right and I shall Freedom of Press.
have it’. He started two newspapers ‘Maratha’ (viii)Complete separation of executive from
(English) and ‘Kesari’ (Marathi), which soon judiciary.
became the mouthpiece of his ideas. In 1893, (ix) Industrial growth through trade protection. It
he started the traditional religious Ganapati meant that a heavy tax should be imposed on
festival to propagate Nationalist ideas and in imported goods and the government should
1895, he glorified Shivaji and started Shivaji give out loans for the development of iron,
festival to encourage young Maharashtrians. coal, paper and sugar industries in India.
No rent campaign was also criticized by Tilak.
Due to the efforts of Bal Gangadhar Tilak, the (c) Four achievements of the Moderates :
Indian National Congress passed the resolution (i) Their greatest achievement was that they
of Swadeshi, Boycott, Swaraj and National saved the Indian masses from being misled
Education in its annual session in the year 1906. for the first time. They presented Indian
(b) The demands made by the Moderates : demands in an organised manner.
(i) Abolition of the Indian Council. (ii) They popularised the ideas of democracy
and civil liberties as well as representative
(ii) Expansion of Legislative Council and institutions.
Legislative Assemblies both at the Centre
and in Provinces. (iii) The Early Nationalists succeeded in creating
National awakening by arousing among
(iii) Increase in the membership of Indians by people the feelings that they belonged to
including some members elected by local one common Nation of India. They made
bodies like Chambers of Commerce and the Indians conscious about the bonds of
Universities, etc. common political, economic and cultural
(iv) Reduction of land revenue and protection interests that united them.
of Peasants against unjust demands of the (iv) They pressurised the British Government
Zamindars. to introduce certain reforms like the
(v) Demands of Indianisation of services appointment of the Public Service
through simultaneous Indian Civil Services Commission (1886), holding ICS Examination
Examinations in England and India. simultaneously in London and India and
(vi) Abolition of Preventive Detention Act and the appointment of Welby Commission for
restoration of individual liberties. Indian expenditure.