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L2 - Introduction

Uploaded by

Nathan Kunda
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Engineering Drawing I

EGM221
Introduction

to

Engineering Drawing I
Learning objectives

• Describe engineering graphics

• Apply drawing standards

• Identify drawing tools and accessories


1. Introduction
1. Try to write a description of
this object.

2. Test your written description


by having someone attempt
to make a sketch from your
description.

You can easily understand that …


The word language is inadequate for describing the
size, shape and features completely as well as
concisely.
Introduction Cont…
 Engineering drawing is a graphical language used by
engineers to communicates ideas and information.
 It is made up of graphic language and word language

Graphic language describe the shape of an object.

Word language describe the size, location and


specification of the object.
Introduction Cont…

Graphics Word
language language

Line Projection Geometric


types method construction Lettering
Introduction Cont…

Graphics
language
Describe a shape
(mainly).

Word
language
Describe size, location and
specification of the object.
1.2 Types of Engineering Drawings

Engineering graphics can be classified into the


following main categories;
 free hand sketching
 instruments
 computer aided design
1.2.1 Freehand drawing
Type of drawing where lines are sketched without using
instruments other than pencils and erasers.

Example
1.2.2 Instrument drawing
Instruments are used to draw straight lines, circles,
and curves concisely and accurately. Thus, the
drawings are usually made to scale.

Example
1.2.3 Computer Aided drawing
A method in which drawings are usually made by
commercial software such as AutoCAD, Solid works etc.

Example
1.3 Drawing standards
Engineering graphics has a well-defined set of
standards in which drawings are produced.

Drawing standards are used so that drawings


convey the same meaning to everyone who
reads them all over the world.
1.3.1 Standard Code
Country Code Full name

Thailand มอก. สำนักงำนมำตรฐำนผลิตภัณฑ์อตุ สำหกรรม


USA ANSI American National Standard Institute
Japan JIS Japanese Industrial Standard
UK BSI British Standard
Australia AS Australian Standard Institution
Germany DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung

ISO International Standards Organization


1.3.2 Drawing Sheet

All engineering drawings are done on sheets of paper of


strictly defined sizes, which are set forth in the ISO-A
series.
ISO-A series establishes five preferred sizes for drawing
sheet as shown on the next slide:
Paper sizes for ISO-A series
A4
Trimmed paper of
a size A0 ~ A4.
A3
Standard sheet size
(JIS) A2

A4 210 x 297
A3 297 x 420 A1
A2 420 x 594
A1 594 x 841
A0 841 x 1189
(Dimensions in millimeters) A0
Orientation of drawing sheet

1. Type X (A0~A4) 2. Type Y (A4 only)

c
d
d c Drawing
Border Drawing space
space Title block
lines Title block
c

Sheet size c (min) d (min)


A4 10 25
A3 10 25
A2 10 25
A1 20 25
A0 20 25
1.3.3 Title Block
Title block is a rectangular frame that is located at the bottom
of the sheet.

Title block shows all necessary information not shown


on the drawing itself e.g. drafters name, drawing name,
Scale of the drawing etc.

TITLE BLOCK
1.4 Drawing Instruments & Accessories

 Drawing instruments are required for


ensuring perfection in manual
drawing.

 Drawing board  Drawing Pencils


 T-square  Eraser
 Set-square (45o and 30o – 60o)  Drawing Pins
 Compass and Divider  Adhesive tapes
 Protractor  Sharpener
 French curves  Tissue paper/clean
 Drawing Papers cloth
Drawing Board

Table 1 - Common drawing board sizes


T-Square

 T-squares are often made


from hard quality wood
having a transparent
plastic edge.
 T-squares are used to
draw horizontal lines
Drawing horizontal lines
1. Press the T-square head against the left edge of the table.
2. Smooth the blade to the right.
3. Draw the line from left to right
Set squares
 (300-600) and (450-900) set
squares are generally used
 Set squares are used to draw
vertical and sloping lines
Draw a vertical line
1. Set T-square as before.
Place any triangle on T-square edge.
2. Use your left hand to hold both T-square and triangle
in position.
Draw a line at 60o with horizontal
1. Place 30o-60o triangle on the T-square edge and press
them firmly against the paper.

2. Draw the line in the direction as shown below.


Compass

 The compass is used for drawing circles and arcs


of circles of required sizes
Compass
1. Sharpen the lead with a sandpaper.

2. Adjust the needle and the lead so that the tip of


the needle extends slightly more than the lead.

needle lead
French Curves
French curves are used to draw smooth curves
of almost any desired curvature in engineering
drawings.
Pencils
• A set of pencils ranges from hardest to
softest as follows:

2H or HB for thick line


Working ends of pencil (a) Conical
(b) Chiseled (c) Beveled 5H or 6 H for thin line
Clips and Adhesive tapes
Sand Paper & Sharpener
Eraser & Erasing Shield
Tissue paper
THE
END

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