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CST assignment-4

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CST assignment-4

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sarveshnaik8706
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Assignmen 4

laler SolHening Technalaqy Melhods


DOp:
DOS:
Roll No: 10833
Q1Give procedure, neaclions and formulae for detemination
lof hardnes using EDTA methocd with reactionc.
Ans:Detemina lion of HardneCS of hater using EDTA Me thod:

kincide
1|EDIA;Ethylene Diamine Telra Ackdic acid)_is a
chelaing aqen that orms stable complexes uwith.
lca and M¡ ions [hardness- causing_ ians) in uater
2t

The xeachan invalves neplacing h unslable CalMa-fet


comder uith a clable Calriq- EDIA Cmple dunng
titraian.
3EriochoMe Black-I(EBT) is used as on indicatar in
Uhe titatien, wbich faxms a wine -yed
xtd complex with
Cat and Ma ipns a ph- 10
nd Point:- line-ned eoloun ch¡nges to blue
Procedure:
+Stnndardization of EDIA:
ll a bure tte wifh EDTA Eolution
Take a knawn valume of standara Zasl sa"
n o conical flask
Add amnoDiacal bufler saludicn (oH- 10) and a few
drops o Eriochrome Black-Iindicaht. colaur Auo
TBrak againsk EDIA unhl the wing -red huns
blue
Note the valume of EDTA Consumed..
PICT, PUNE

24formula
M,M,V.
Mand Vi Molarky and Volume of Zns04
N, and V, -MolaritË and Volume of EDTA.
Fer Hardness
Hardnes (ppm) 1000 x VeoAx MeprA X100
Vsangle
uwhert,
" VepTA Volume ot EDTA(md
" MeptA Molanity ot EDTA
Vsample’ Nalumet sample hard water.
Ppm-ait

Reachons
TndicaBorReachion (Unslable Complex fxma bion)
Ca /n +EBT la-E8I/Mq-¬8I
(Nine Red Complx)
Titralion Reacion (slable Complex formation:
Co*/Mt +EDTA ’ (a-£DIA Mq-EDIA+E
(Blue Endpoint)
PICT, PUNE

qa1 Deline desalinakion of Lwater. Explain everKe osrnasis


process for desalination of waler
AnsDesalioakicn of wwater:-Decalinahion is the proes.
Te Moving dissalved eallk and
lolher impurities frpm saline.or SEQuaer
seQater to oblain
lpcBable ('dinkahle) ater T1 is prinails used te
lconvert seawater into freshwater for dinking. industial
and aquiculbure cops
K

Reverse eSMasis process for desalination o water


1 uses a semi-permeable membrane to sepaak ianc,
lunuanted malecules, and larger pathcles lke sal
iom contaminaBedwater
2: Normalls water moves om a region of low
Jconcentaion to a reqion c high "saluke opentra.fion
Hhrough a semi-permaable membrAn£ This movement
is driven bs as motic pressung
Tn nVerse csmasis exkernal pressurt qnater han
he osmotc pressure is gpplied to orce water
malecules to more on the neqion af high solute
loncentzatian (saline wBer) to a region o lau
lsoluke concentmbion (pure water) arass the membrand
4 lhis prOCeSS TemoYe salk, impuritiec and conaminans
Rrom the water
Adwantagt o RO sysem
Remavesjonic. and hon-lonic inpuriies
Remones callaidal ailica wbich cannal be remoued hy
other mehodk
Louw cast for operatianh and mainenance
|Migh neliablily with mebranes Iasting up to 2yan
PICT, PUNE

>Pressurt qrtater han


Osmosis
Reverse dcmotic pressurC

usator
or séa Urater
Brockish bdler oY
Chiqh con (antr atHon)

semipermtable membrane
PLelulose acelate, palycekacrylaa
polyamies)
’ Pure Water (1ow conentaha
RO water

The process involves passing saline waker under


high pressurt hrough a £ semi-pemtable
membrane
Rure oater Plaus though the Membran
[permeate), while salls and inmpuriltes ce lell
lbehind as brine
PICT, PUNE
pslhal arm 'zeolies'? Gxplain zeolibeprocess of
softening of waker Give, regenerabian nenchions.
advantages-and disadvanqtg o the proLs
Ans: Zeclites an hudoatec auminasilicae mintrals with
the qeneral fomula.:
Na,0 Al,0,Sil,yHa.
for
Zeoliks can exchange sodiun lons LNat)
Tons like calcium la24) and iM2ians.
hardnes -causing
Hard water
inlet

Zeolite bed

Gravel
Tnjeckor

Nacl Tosin
Solh Softwater
oullet
storage

Zeolite Softener
PICT

PICT, PUNE

Pinciple: The zeolite_process Loorks on ion- exchange


Sodium ztolite (Na,2e) exchanges 2tiks Nat
ions oith the hardnes -causing (at Mg ions in
uator to produce soft water
Process tHarduwater is_passed through a bed o
2eolite coalalned in aeylindical uht
2 The handness -causing ions Lcae Mqt) are
edained by the zeclit and sodiun ion (Nat) axe
breleased into the wate
s lhe outgoing oaer becomes_ solt, asit conlains
sodium salt instead ol calciurm and maqnesiund
salis

Reachons
Ng2e + Ca<HC0),>Caze + 2NaH0
NaiZe MLHCo)MZe 4Na HO,
Na,ze Calli CaZe t2Nacl
Na,ze4Masly’ MqZe Nassoy
Regeneration of Zeolite:
When he zeolit becomés exhqusked (i-e all.
Nat ions neplaced by Ca and M"), it can.
be regeneatd by waghing it with a contentraled
Jsodium chloride CNac)) slution (brine).
Caze +2NaCl >Na,2e +Call
MqZe 42Nall Aa,zetMaCa
PICT, PUNE
Advanlages of Zeaile Proesss
Mighly ethcient Matdness is YeMGAd alrnost comple lely
(vesiduol hardness 10pgm)
ompacd equipannt -» lequints less space
lean and Yapid procesNo cludge foumaion
tasy operaion Requires less ckill Por roainkerane and
operalian
Dizvanlages of Zealile Prores:
lucbid its icsues TubidLualar clags the zealile ked,
sendeung iL inactivt
2resence cf eand Mn2t cns: These ics fern incluble
zeolites,which Cannct be negeneraked
Pasily
aAcidi alaker clamage Mineral atids decta the
zeolite bed and _need neutzalizakus
helorehand
aNa anion xemaval: Bicarbanaes in water get convÉrked
to sodium biccarbcnate hichcan.
CaUSe lssuer in boilers
Salium calE coatent: Treatd uater conlains sodium
salks, shich mos nat he suitable
for all uses

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