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Test Bank for Automotive Technology A Systems
Approach, 6th Edition
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Description:
AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY: A SYSTEMS APPROACH - the leading authority on
automotive theory, service, and repair - has been thoroughly updated to provide
accurate, current information on the latest technology, industry trends, and state-
of-the-art tools and techniques. This comprehensive text covers the full range of
basic topics outlined by ASE, including engine repair, automatic transmissions,
manual transmissions and transaxles, suspension and steering, brakes, electricity
and electronics, heating and air conditioning, and engine performance. Now
updated to reflect the latest ASE Education Foundation MAST standards, as well
as cutting-edge hybrid and electric engines, this trusted text is an essential
resource for aspiring and active technicians who want to succeed in the dynamic,
rapidly evolving field of automotive service and repair.
About the Author
Jack Erjavec has become a fixture in the automotive textbook publishing world.
He has decades of experience as a technician, educator, author and editor, and he
has authored or co-authored more than 30 automotive textbooks and training
manuals. Erjavec holds a master's degree in vocational and technical education
from The Ohio State University, and he spent 20 years at Columbus State
Community College as an instructor and administrator. A long-time affiliate of the
North American Council of Automotive Teachers (NACAT), he also served as
executive vice-president for the organization and spent several years on its board
of directors. Erjavec is also associated with ATMC, SAE, ASA, ATRA, AERA and
other automotive professional associations.

Rob Thompson has been teaching high school automotive technology since 1995.
He currently teaches 11th- and 12th-grade students in an ASE Education
Foundation-accredited maintenance and light repair (MLR) program. His teaching
career began in 1994 as an adjunct faculty member at Columbus State
Community College. Since 2007, Thompson has worked on numerous projects for
Cengage Learning and is the author of AUTOMOTIVE MAINTENANCE & LIGHT
REPAIR. He has also served on the board and is a past president of the North
American Council of Automotive Teachers.
• ISBN-10 : 1133612318
• ISBN-13 : 978-1133612315
Table contents:
Section 1: Automotive Technology
Chapter 1: Careers in the Automotive Industry
Objectives
The Automotive Industry
Job Classifications
Related Career Opportunities
Training for a Career in Automotive Service
ASE Certification
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
Chapter 2: Workplace Skills
Objectives
Seeking and Applying for Employment
Accepting Employment
Working as a Technician
Communications
Solving Problems and Critical Thinking
Professionalism
Interpersonal Relationships
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
Chapter 3: Basic Theories and Math
Objectives
Matter
Energy
Volume
Force
Time
Motion
Work
Waves and Oscillations
Light
Liquids
Gases
Heat
Chemical Properties
Electricity and Electromagnetism
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
Chapter 4: Automotive Systems
Objectives
Historical Background
Design Evolution
Body Shapes
The Basic Engine
Engine Systems
Electrical and Electronic Systems
Heating and Air-Conditioning Systems
Drivetrain
Running Gear
Hybrid Vehicles
Alternative Fuels
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
Chapter 5: Hand Tools and Shop Equipment
Objectives
Measuring Systems
Fasteners
Measuring Tools
Hand Tools
Shop Equipment
Power Tools
Jacks and Lifts
Service Information
iATN
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
Chapter 6: Diagnostic Equipment and Special Tools
Objectives
Engine Repair Tools
Electrical/Electronic System Tools
Engine Performance Tools
Pressure Transducer
Transmission and Driveline Tools
Suspension and Steering Tools
Brake System Tools
Heating and Air-Conditioning Tools
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
Chapter 7: Working Safely in the Shop
Objectives
Personal Safety
Tool and Equipment Safety
Work Area Safety
Manufacturers' Warnings and Government Regulations
OSHA
Right-to-Know Law
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
Chapter 8: Preventive Maintenance and Basic Services
Objectives
Repair Orders
Vehicle Identification
Preventive Maintenance
Basic Services
Additional PM Checks
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
Section 2: Engines
Chapter 9: Automotive Engine Designs and Diagnosis
Objectives
Introduction to Engines
Engine Classifications
Engine Measurement and Performance
Diesel Engines
Other Automotive Power Plants
Engine Identification
Engine Diagnostics
Evaluating the Engine's Condition
Noise Diagnosis
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
ASE-Style Review Questions
Chapter 10: Engine Disassembly and Cleaning
Objectives
Removing an Engine
Engine Disassembly and Inspection
Cleaning Engine Parts
Crack Detection
In-Vehicle Engine Service
Cylinder Head
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
ASE-Style Review Questions
Chapter 11: Lower End Theory and Service
Objectives
Short Block Disassembly
Cylinder Block
Cylinder Block Reconditioning
Camshafts
Crankshaft
Crankshaft Inspection and Rebuilding
Installing Main Bearings and Crankshaft
Piston and Piston Rings
Installing Pistons and Connecting Rods
Inspection of Camshaft and Related Parts
Installation of Camshaft and Related Parts
Crankshaft and Camshaft Timing
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
ASE-Style Review Questions
Chapter 12: Upper End Theory and Service
Objectives
Cylinder Head
Intake and Exhaust Valves
Variable Valve Timing
Cylinder Head Disassembly
Inspection of the Valve Train
Servicing Cylinder Heads
Reconditioning Valves
Valve Guide Reconditioning
Reconditioning Valve Seats
Valve Stem Seals
Assembling the Cylinder Head
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
ASE-Style Review Questions
Chapter 13: Engine Sealing and Reassembly
Objectives
Torque Principles
Gaskets
Specific Engine Gaskets
Adhesives, Sealants, and Other Sealing Materials
Oil Seals
Engine Reassembly
Installing the Engine
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
ASE-Style Review Questions
Chapter 14: Lubricating and Cooling Systems
Objectives
Lubrication System
Oil Pump Service
Installing the Oil Pump
Flushing the System
Cooling Systems
Cooling System Diagnosis
Inspection of Cooling System
Testing for Leaks
Cooling System Service
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
ASE-Style Review Questions
Section 3: Electricity
Chapter 15: Basics of Electrical Systems
Objectives
Basics of Electricity
Electrical Terms
Ohm's Law
Circuits
Circuit Components
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
ASE-Style Review Questions
Chapter 16: General Electrical System Diagnostics and Service
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Objectives
Electrical Problems
Electrical Wiring Diagrams
Electrical Testing Tools
Using Multimeters
Using Lab Scopes
Testing Basic Electrical Components
Troubleshooting Circuits
Testing for Common Problems
Connector and Wire Repairs
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
ASE-Style Review Questions
Chapter 17: Batteries: Theory, Diagnosis, and Service
Objectives
Basic Battery Theory
Battery Hardware
Battery Ratings
Common Types of Batteries
Lead-Acid Batteries
Servicing and Testing Batteries
Jump-Starting
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
ASE-Style Review Questions
Chapter 18: Starting and Motor Systems
Objectives
Basics of Electromagnetism
Starting Motors
Starting System
Starter Motor Circuit
Control Circuit
Starting System Testing
Starter Motor Service
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
ASE-Style Review Questions
Chapter 19: Charging Systems
Objectives
Alternating Current Charging Systems
AC Generator Operation
Voltage Regulation
New Developments
Preliminary Checks
General Testing Procedures
AC Generator Service
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
ASE-Style Review Questions
Chapter 20: Lighting Systems
Objectives
Automotive Lamps
Headlights
Headlight Switches
Automatic Light Systems
Headlight Service
Headlight Replacement
Basic Lighting System Diagnosis
Rear Exterior Lights
Interior Light Assemblies
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
ASE-Style Review Questions
Chapter 21: Instrumentation and Information Displays
Objectives
Instrument Panels
Displays
Gauges
Electronic Instrument Clusters
Basic Information Gauges
Indicator and Warning Devices
Driver Information Centers
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
ASE-Style Review Questions
Chapter 22: Basics of Electronics and Computer Systems
Objectives
Capacitors
Semiconductors
Computer Basics
On-Board Diagnostics
Multiplexing
Protecting Electronic Systems
Diagnosing BCMs
Testing Electronic Circuits and Components
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
ASE-Style Review Questions
Chapter 23: Electrical Accessories
Objectives
Windshield Wiper/Washer Systems
Horns/Clocks/Cigarette Lighter Systems
Blower Motors
Cruise (Speed) Control Systems
Sound Systems
Telematics
Navigation Systems
Power Lock Systems
Power Windows
Power Seats
Power Mirror System
Rear-Window Defrosters and Heated Mirror Systems
Other Electronic Equipment
Garage Door Opener System
Security and Antitheft Devices
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
ASE-Style Review Questions
Section 4: Engine Performance
Chapter 24: Engine Performance Systems
Objectives
Ignition Systems
Fuel System
Air Induction System
Emission Control Systems
Engine Control Systems
On-Board Diagnostic Systems
System Operation
OBD II Monitoring Capabilities
OBD II Self-Diagnostics
MIL
Basic Diagnosis of Electronic Engine Control Systems
Diagnosing OBD II Systems
Diagnosing OBD I Systems
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
ASE-Style Review Questions
Chapter 25: Detailed Diagnosis and Sensors
Objectives
Using Scan Tool Data
Symptom-Based Diagnosis
Basic Testing
Diagnosis of Computer Voltage Supply and Ground Wires
Switches
Temperature Sensors
Pressure Sensors
Mass Airflow (MAF) Sensors
Oxygen Sensors (O2S)
Position Sensors
Speed Sensors
Position/Speed Sensors
Knock Sensor (KS)
Computer Outputs and Actuators
Testing Actuators
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
ASE-Style Review Questions
Chapter 26: Ignition Systems
Objectives
Basic Circuitry
Ignition Components
Spark Plugs
Triggering and Switching Devices
Engine Position Sensors
Distributor Ignition System Operation
Electronic Ignition Systems
EI System Operation
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
ASE-Style Review Questions
Chapter 27: Ignition System Diagnosis and Service
Objectives
Misfires
General Ignition System Diagnosis
Ignition System Inspection
No-Start Diagnosis
Diagnosing with an Engine Analyzer
Diagnosing with a DSO or GMM
Ignition Timing
Basic Primary Circuit Components
Distributor Service
Secondary Circuit Tests and Service
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
ASE-Style Review Questions
Chapter 28: Gasoline, Diesel, and Other Fuels
Objectives
Crude Oil
Gasoline
Basic Gasoline Additives
Oxygenates
MTBE
Gasoline Quality Testing
Alternatives to Gasoline
Diesel Fuel
Diesel Engines
Diesel Fuel Injection
Diesel Emission Controls
Diagnostics
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
ASE-Style Review Questions
Chapter 29: Fuel Delivery Systems
Objectives
Basic Fuel System Diagnosis
Guidelines for Safely Working on Fuel Systems
Fuel Tanks
Filler Caps
Fuel Lines and Fittings
Fuel Filters
Fuel Pumps
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
ASE-Style Review Questions
Chapter 30: Electronic Fuel Injection
Objectives
Basic EFI
Throttle Body Injection (TBI)
Port Fuel Injection (PFI)
Central Port Injection (CPI)
Gasoline Direct-Injection Systems
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
ASE-Style Review Questions
Chapter 31: Fuel Injection System Diagnosis and Service
Objectives
Preliminary Checks
Basic EFI System Checks
Injector Service
Fuel Rail, Injector, and Regulator Service
Electronic Throttle Controls
Idle Speed Checks
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
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Chapter 32: Intake and Exhaust Systems
Objectives
Vacuum Systems
Air Induction System
Induction Hoses
Intake Manifolds
Forced Induction Systems
Turbochargers
Superchargers
Exhaust System Components
Catalytic Converters
Exhaust System Service
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
ASE-Style Review Questions
Chapter 33: Emission Control Systems
Objectives
Pollutants
Emission Control Devices
Evaporative Emission Control Systems
Precombustion Systems
Postcombustion Systems
Diesel Emission Controls
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
ASE-Style Review Questions
Chapter 34: Emission Control Diagnosis and Service
Objectives
OBD II Test
I/M 240 Test
Testing Emissions
Basic Inspection
Evaporative Emission Control System Diagnosis and Service
PCV System Diagnosis and Service
EGR System Diagnosis and Service
Catalytic Converter Diagnosis
Air System Diagnosis and Service
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
ASE-Style Review Questions
Chapter 35: Hybrid Vehicles
Objectives
Hybrid Vehicles
Hybrid Technology
Accessories
HVAC
GM's Series Hybrids
GM's Parallel Hybrids
Honda's IMA System
IMA
Toyota's Power-Split Hybrids
Ford Hybrids
4WD
Porsche and Volkswagen Hybrids
Hyundai and Kia Hybrids
Nissan/Infiniti Hybrids
BMW Hybrids
Mercedes-Benz Hybrids
Maintenance and Service
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
ASE-Style Review Questions
Chapter 36: Electric Vehicles
Objectives
A Look at History
Zero-Emissions Vehicles
Major Parts
Battery Charging
Accessories
Driving a BEV
Ford Focus
Nissan Leaf
Mitsubishi i-MiEV
Tesla
Honda Fit EV
Other Possibilities
Basic Diagnosis
Fuel Cell Vehicles
Fuel Cells
Prototype FCEVs
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
ASE-Style Review Questions
Section 5: Manual Transmissions and Transaxles
Chapter 37: Clutches
Objectives
Operation
Clutch Service Safety Precautions
Clutch Maintenance
Clutch Problem Diagnosis
Clutch Service
Linkage Service
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
ASE-Style Review Questions
Chapter 38: Manual Transmissions and Transaxles
Objectives
Transmission versus Transaxle
Gears
Basic Gear Theory
Transmission/Transaxle Design
Synchronizers
Gearshift Mechanisms
Transmission Power Flow
Transaxle Power Flows
Final Drive Gears and Overall Ratios
Dual Clutch Transmissions
Electrical Systems
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
ASE-Style Review Questions
Chapter 39: Manual Transmission/Transaxle Service
Objectives
Lubricant Check
In-Vehicle Service
Diagnosing Problems
Transmission/Transaxle Removal
Cleaning and Inspection
Disassembly and Reassembly of the Differential Case
Reassembly/Reinstallation of Transmission/Transaxle
Key Term
Summary
Review Questions
ASE-Style Review Questions
Chapter 40: Drive Axles and Differentials
Objectives
Basic Diagnosis and Service
Front-Wheel Drive (FWD) Axles
Types of CV Joints
Front-Wheel Drive Applications
CV Joint Service
Rear-Wheel Drive Shafts
Operation of U-Joints
Types of U-Joints
Diagnosis of Drivetrain Problems
Final Drives and Drive Axles
Limited-Slip Differentials
Axle Shafts
Servicing the Final Drive Assembly
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
ASE-Style Review Questions
Section 6: Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles
Chapter 41: Automatic Transmissions and Transaxles
Objectives
Torque Converter
Lockup Torque Converter
Planetary Gears
Compound Planetary Gearsets
Honda's Nonplanetary-Based Transmission
Continuously Variable Transmissions (CVT)
Planetary Gear Controls
Transmission Clutches
Bearings, Bushings, and Thrust Washers
Snaprings
Gaskets and Seals
Final Drives and Differentials
Hydraulic System
Application of Hydraulics in Transmissions
Pressure Boosts
Shift Quality
Gear Changes
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
ASE-Style Review Questions
Chapter 42: Electronic Automatic Transmissions
Objectives
Transmission Control Module
Hybrid Transmissions
Basic EAT Testing
Converter Clutch Control Diagnostics
Detailed Testing of Inputs
Detailed Testing of Actuators
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
ASE-Style Review Questions
Chapter 43: Automatic Transmission and Transaxle Service
Objectives
Identification
Basic Service
Basic Diagnostics
Visual Inspection
Road Testing the Vehicle
Checking the Torque Converter
Diagnosing Hydraulic and Vacuum Control Systems
Common Problems
Linkages
Replacing, Rebuilding, and Installing a Transmission
Key Term
Summary
Review Questions
ASE-Style Review Questions
Chapter 44: Four- and All-Wheel Drive
Objectives
Types of Four-Wheel Drives
4WD Drivelines
Interaxle (Center) Differentials
Torque Vectoring
Diagnosing 4WD and AWD Systems
Servicing 4WD Vehicles
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
ASE-Style Review Questions
Section 7: Suspension and Steering Systems
Chapter 45: Tires and Wheels
Objectives
Wheels
Tires
Tire Ratings and Designations
Tire/Wheel Runout
Tire Replacement
Tire/Wheel Assembly Service
Tire Repair
Installation of Tire/Wheel Assembly on the Vehicle
Wheel Bearings
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
ASE-Style Review Questions
Chapter 46: Suspension Systems
Objectives
Frames
Suspension System Components
MacPherson Strut Suspension Components
Independent Front Suspension
Basic Front-Suspension Diagnosis
Front-Suspention Component Servicing
Rear-Suspension Systems
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 Ban-Ban had the very best home a cat could have; indeed, he was
a good deal spoiled. In this home he grew up to be three years old,
but it was only his body that grew bigger. Inside that Maltese body
he wore a kitten’s heart, getting younger every minute, loving play
better, and cutting up more didoes all the time, instead of settling
down into a staid cat, as any one would have expected him to do
who saw the purple shades in his dark gray suit!
Now Ban-Ban loved his little master very much—not that he ever
thought of him as his “master;” no cat ever would admit having a
master. Ban-Ban considered the little boy as a friend whom he, a
prince of the Maltese Royal Family, allowed to play with him. He was
more useful than kitten friends because he could open doors, drag
strings around, hide sticks under the edges of rugs, get milk from
the refrigerator, cut up meat, play hide-and-go-seek better than cats,
and shake up soft knitted things into fine beds on cold days, besides
scratching a person under the chin and on the side of the cheek in a
way that made a person stick out his little red tongue and purr, no
matter how much he felt like playing. But that is not having a
master; that is really keeping a very useful and devoted servant.
Ban-Ban hated of all things to show that he loved little Rob; he liked
to pretend that he was only polite to him, and often, when he meant
to get up in Rob’s lap for a little talk, if Rob saw him coming, Ban-
Ban would sit down and wash his face, trying to look as if he had
never once thought of being loving. You see he was independent.
Because he was independent, and so very impatient, it all came
about.
One day Ban-Ban had an idea dart into his brain. Ban-Ban’s ideas
always darted, they never came slowly; they were just like
everything else about him, “as fast as a Bandersnatch.” “If two-
legged people can build towns and live in them without asking the
help of us cats, why can’t we cats have a town of our own, and not
ask the help of the two-legged people? They are more clumsy and
stupid than we are—except Rob; he isn’t clumsy or stupid.”
 It was such a wonderful thought that it half-stunned even Ban-
Ban. For as much as five minutes he sat perfectly still, with only the
tippest tip of his tail moving. Then he started up with a leap, as if he
were jumping after those lost five minutes just as he jumped for
butterflies, and away he ran down the garden to find some of his
friends.
Bidelia was one of these friends. She was a little creature, very
young, a tortoise-shell cat, not pretty, but so clever that no one who
didn’t know her could believe how clever she was. Her cat
acquaintances suspected that she wrote stories on the sly, for her
sides were always spattered with big black spots on a yellow ground,
and her friends believed she got ink on her yellow clothes writing
stories for the magazines, because she was so very clever, and
people who are very clever and write books are apt to be untidy with
their ink.
Though she was younger than Ban-Ban by nearly two years she
had three children, and they were already two months old: Nugget,
all yellow, Puttel, black with a white thumb-mark under her chin, and
Dolly Varden, with a tortoise-shell dress like her mother’s. Bidelia
had good reason to be as proud of her children as she was!
Nugget.

Another of Ban-Ban’s friends was Mr. Thomas Traddles, a tiger cat,

who was so wise and had such remarkable judgment that every one
came to him for advice. He was older than Ban-Ban, and he was one
of that queer sort of friends which we all have: people whom we do
not really like, but whom we respect heaps and heaps, and without
whom we cannot get along. Not that there was any reason why Ban-
Ban should not like Tommy Traddles; his disposition was perfect, and
his manners of the best. Perhaps it was because Tom was so
sensible and grave, and Ban-Ban was such a little firebrand, for we
none of us really like people who make us feel that we are in the
wrong, not unless we are far more humble-minded folk than was
proud little Ban-Ban.
Puttel.

There, too, was Wutz-Butz, whose name didn’t mean much, but
that the little girl who owned him liked to mix up letters and call him
by queer sounds. He was a gray and white cat who would let the
little girl whom he thought he owned, but who thought that she
owned him, do anything under the sun to him, and he would stand it
with a perfect mush of patience, but out among the cats he was a
warrior. He fought every one that he happened to dislike, and Ban-
Ban was always thankful Wutz-Butz liked him—and Ban-Ban was not
a coward, either. Wutz-Butz had a big, round head, and a short,
thick-set body, and his complexion was apt to get rumpled up—can
complexions get rumpled? Well, at any rate this cat’s complexion
looked rumpled—because of the many strong arguments he had
with Ruth’s grandmother’s big white cat with the gray ears. Ruth was
the little girl who owned Wutz-Butz, or whom he owned, according
to whether you believe from her or his side of the question.
Ban-Ban had another friend to whom he was bound by ties of the
highest respect and gratitude. This was Madam Laura, a sweet,
kindly middle-aged lady,—perhaps a trifle past middle age,—to
whom all the cats went for comfort and teaching. She was a widow
lady, so she wore a great deal of black over her white sides and
back, laid on in big spots. She had had a great many sons and
daughters, but they had all gone to make their own way in the
world, and Madam Laura was said to be quite wealthy, with no one
dependent upon her for mice. She was a cat with a mother’s heart
for all the mewing world, and no cat could be so scratchy as not to
love this gentle lady.
The last and dearest of Ban-Ban’s friends was Kiku, the snow-
white cat, whose name was a Japanese word that means
chrysanthemum, and whose nature was as flower-like as his name.
He lived next door to Ban-Ban, and played with him most of the
time. His little mistress was Rob’s dearest friend, his cousin, and her
name was Lois. She was a year younger than Rob, which made her
only seven years old, but she was not the least bit careless or rough
with her pets, as some children are, and Kiku was a very lucky
“kitteny-wink, little white lambkin,” as Lois called him.
Kiku was always called “Kiku-san,” because “san” is a mark of
honour among the Japanese, and white Kiku was so gentle and
lovely-mannered that no one could deny him the respectful title that
his Japanese name suggested. Kiku-san wore white garments with
pink trimmings, and he kept them snowy white, for he only went out
to play in the grass in fine weather, and slept at night cuddled close
in Lois’s arms. He puckered his mouth when he was spoken to, and
brought his lids down over his amber eyes as if he knew he was
most sweet and lovable, fully deserving all the praise which he
received—and so he did, for nothing would tempt him to scratch; he
never lost his temper, unless he had lost it for good and all when he
was born, and had never found it again, which seemed to be the
case, for no one had ever seen him cross.
These were Ban-Ban’s friends, and it was to find them, or all of
them that he could find, that he ran so fast down the garden after
his wonderful idea struck him.
 He came upon Bidelia, who was sitting in the sunshine letting the
children play with her tail.
“Oh, Bidelia!” cried Ban-Ban, “have you seen any of the others?”
“How out of breath you are!” said Bidelia, reproachfully. She was
so little that she could jump about all day and never lose her breath.
“Tommy Traddles is sunning himself on the fence. Madam Laura is
singing a few Felines on the garden bench.” A Feline is a kind of cat
hymn.
“Do you think you could trust one of the kittens to hunt up Wutz-
Butz, and Kiku-san, and ask them to join us here? I have something
catelovelant to tell them,” said Ban-Ban. “Catelovelant” means
“lovely for cats.”
“I think Nugget could go; he is getting very plump and reliable,”
returned Bidelia. “Puttel, go and ask Madam Laura if she would
kindly come over here when she has finished her Felines. And, Dolly
Varden, go waken Mr. Traddles and ask him to come. If he is very
sound asleep you may stand up on your hind legs and pull his tail—
very gently,” she added, as Dolly spun around three times rapidly,
“and with the greatest respect.”
The three kittens scampered off, and Ban-Ban with much effort
kept himself from pouring out to Bidelia the Great Idea. Fortunately
the kittens so quickly got together the cats for whom they were sent
that Ban-Ban was saved from choosing between telling or having a
fit.
Dolly Varden.

“You had something to say to us, my dear?” hinted Madam Laura

after they were all seated. Her voice sounded like rolls of butter
rolling, it was so soft and smooth.
“Yes,” said Ban-Ban, his fur beginning to stick up all over and his
tail to swell, as it always did when he was excited. “I have had a
Great Idea.”
“You were clever from your kittenhood, Bannie,” said Madam
Laura, who had known his grandmother.
“‘I have had a Great Idea.’”

“Human beings,” Ban-Ban continued, trying to keep back the little

puffing spits which he often gave when he was stirred, “Human
beings build towns and live in them. They never ask our help; they
feel that they own the towns. Very likely they do; but as their cats
always own the human beings, it doesn’t matter. What I have to
suggest is that there is no reason why cats should not build and own
a city just as the human beings do. I think that we should be the
ones to do this. Let us, all of us here, go away to some lovely spot
and build a city. Let us ask all the poor, homeless cats, who don’t
own any human beings, and so have very little food and no warm
places to live, to join us. Let us have a city of cats, and let us hand
our names down in all future categories and catalogues and histories
as the Fathers—and Mothers”—he added, bowing to Madam Laura
and Bidelia—“of Our Country, Glory of Our Race.”
“Hear, hear!” cried Wutz-Butz. He pronounced it: “He-ar, He-ar!” It
sounded like a mew.
“Bandersnatch-Bandarlog, you are indeed A Great Mind,” said
Tommy Traddles, gravely.
“It will be lovely!” cried Bidelia, joyously. “I want a more extended
field.”
“And more field-mice,” added Laura, who was not clever, only
good, which is better than mere cleverness, as all properly taught
cats know.
“Then you agree?” asked Ban-Ban, not able, this time, to keep
from ending in a “P-pst!” of pure excitement.
“Yes, yes,” cried all the cats together.
“Yes,” added Kiku-san alone, “but I am afraid that Lois will need
me.”
 “Our human beings will soon get other cats,” said Ban-Ban, wisely.
“I have always noticed they soon get another cat to wait upon, when
they lose the one they have had. Not that I shall leave Rob long
without me,” he added. “Rob and I are friends. But the founding of
this city is a duty; it will be a haven for oppressed cats. When shall
we go?”
“On the third day from this one,” said Tommy Traddles, promptly.
“In the meantime we will eat all that we can, and get together as
many provisions as we can carry.”
“Before we part,” said Bidelia, “let us sing a song. Wait; I will
make one for this occasion.”
It was the custom of these cats to sing each night before
separating, so the others all willingly sat down to wait while Bidelia
wrote the words which were to commemorate their newly taken and
important resolution.

Singing the song.

Soon that clever little cat announced the song ready, and they
sang the following words to the air of the “Battle Hymn of the
Republic:”
“We’ll put our fur in order and brave Pilgrim-cats we’ll be;
With whiskers out and tails erect we’ll march courageously.
We’ll found a town for other cats, less fortunate than we:
Each cat shall have his day!

“We love the friends that love us, and our hearts to them are true;
We’ll ne’er forget the kindly folk beside whose hearths we grew,
But though our friends are good to us, mankind is cruel, too:
Each cat must have his day!

“Then, onward, Pilgrim-cats, nor pause to cast a look behind,

For duty calls our velvet paws our kindred’s wounds to bind;
In Pussy-Town all homeless cats a home and peace may find:
Each cat shall have his day.”
 CHAPTER II

SIX SMALL CATS DO GREAT THINGS

hree days later the moon looked down on a more

wonderful sight than she had seen since the cow had
jumped over her,—more wonderful even than she had
seen then, for this sight was much more than one cat
with a fiddle.
Six cats and three kittens led a procession of at least
a dozen more cats out of the town and along the
wooded country roads. Ban-Ban was ahead. He had a big red bow
on his collar, which poor Rob had tied on, intending the Maltese cat
to look his best when expected company should come that evening.
He little thought that he was adorning Ban-Ban for a journey, and a
parting that was going to cost himself keen grief!
But Ban-Ban had no room in his mind for Rob’s anxiety; he trotted
proudly along, with his short, velvety ears pricked up, his nose alert
for dangers. Close behind him marched Wutz-Butz, in case he was
needed for a fight. Tommy Traddles came next, in case he was
needed for advice. Kiku-san—he wore a beautiful pink ribbon,
because Lois loved to see him well dressed—Kiku walked between
Bidelia and Madam Laura, the only one of the party with a regret.
His thoughts dwelt on Lois, and how troubled she would be when he
did not come to bed that night, and she could not find him in the
morning. Behind Bidelia came the three kittens, driving their young
mother half crazy with their antics. They would not walk soberly, but
frisked and played, and ran out of sight into the shadow, and
sometimes half-way up a tree, until little Bidelia was sure that she
would be quite as gray as Ban-Ban, but with another sort of
grayness, from her worry, by the time she got to wherever they
were going.
The stranger cats walked behind their leaders. They were all thin
and sad-looking, for they had had no homes, and life had been most
hard to them. They were glad enough to think that they were on
their way to make their fortunes in a city of cats, where there would
be no stones thrown, no dogs to chase them, no cruel boys to
frighten and hurt them.

One of the stranger cats.

The six cat leaders all carried something. Ban-Ban had a big piece
of beef. He had not stolen it, because it had been bought for him,
but he had whisked it out of the refrigerator when the cook left the
door open for a moment.
 Wutz-Butz had dragged along a piece of red flannel. He was
inclined to be stiff in his legs from rheumatism and his frequent
battles, and he had no mind to sleep on the cold ground, though
many a soldier before him has had no better bed.
Tommy Traddles had a pail of milk fastened over his shoulders,—
Laura had tied it on for him,—and in his paws he carried an
umbrella, because he knew that if it rained they would all hate to be
out in the wet.
Bidelia, like the gay young thing that she was, brought only neck-
ribbons for her children, and some worsted balls with which they—
and she, too, if she would own it—loved to play. But Madam Laura,
like an older and wiser mother, brought catnip roots, as well as some
dried catnip to start on, in case the kittens were ill. She also had a
little bottle of castor-oil, because she knew how good that was for
kittens when they overate themselves.
Kiku-san carried his crocheted shawl. It was one that had been
dyed red, and which Lois kept in a rocking-chair for Kiku’s daytime
naps. Kiku wore it now around his shoulders, and wondered
doubtfully if he could get another crocheted shawl in Pussy-Cat Town
when this one was worn out.
They walked and they walked for what seemed a long, long
distance even to the cats. As to the kittens, they had long ceased
frisking, and crawled along slowly, mewing pathetically, and taking
hold of Bidelia’s tail to help themselves as they went.
“Little Dolly Varden fell asleep.”

Tommy Traddles looked around and saw how tired they were. “If
some of you gentlemen in the back there, who have no food or beds
to carry, would lay your forepaws on one another’s shoulders, and
take turns in letting the children sit on them, you would be able to
get the poor little kitlets over the ground, saving them suffering, and
not hurting yourselves,” he said.
The stranger cats were glad to do this, though they would never
have been wise enough to have invented this way of carrying the
babies. Little Dolly Varden fell asleep the instant she was put up on
the paws of a big black cat and a black and white one, who offered
to carry her. “She was that done out,” said the black and white cat.
He had a kind heart, but his English was not very good, because he
had learned it in the streets.
It was about twenty minutes past ten when the cat pilgrims
reached a lovely spot. It was a clearing in a wood, almost an acre
wide. It stood right on the bank of a tiny stream, which Bidelia called
a river, but which was really rather a small and quiet brook. All
around this cleared spot were beautiful woods, and only a grass-
grown road ran through it, such as is made by broad wagon wheels
when men go to cut down trees in the woods.
“This is the very place for us,” declared Ban-Ban, looking around
him with great content.
“It isn’t far from the town,” objected the black cat, who was
helping carry Dolly Varden. His name was ’Clipsy, short for Eclipse.
He had not always been poor; he was born in a very nice home,
where he had been given his name, but he had got lost when he
was very young, and had had a hard time ever since. He was a
gentleman always, though; the cat leaders all saw that he was the
best of all the stranger cats who had joined them.
“I know it is not far from town,” said Tommy Traddles, planting his
umbrella in the ground, and setting down his pail of milk beside it,
with a wink at Wutz-Butz to keep his eye on it—no one could tell
what some thirsty stranger cat might be tempted to do. “It is not far
from town, ’Clipsy, but it is rather better for that. Did you never
notice that when human beings have lost something they always
look everywhere else for it before they look near home? I suppose
you haven’t noticed that, because you have not lived with human
beings since you were so little, but it is quite true that when
anything is lost and can’t be found, it always turns out that it is
because no one looked just at hand, where the lost thing always
hides. So it is better for us to settle nearer our old human town than
to go away off—to another State, for instance.”
There was no disputing with a cat that could allude so carelessly
to “another State.” ’Clipsy at once gave up arguing; he didn’t know
what “another State” meant, and he wondered greatly how Tommy
could be so wise.
“Oh, it’s all right as to that,” said Ban-Ban, speaking in his quick
way. He understood about states, because he had so often sat by
Rob when he was learning his lessons. “I don’t think any one would
find us in this place; but I wonder if there is a good market here.”
“There ought to be fish in that river,” said Madam Laura, who liked
fish even better than most cats. “I know how to catch fish with my
paw.”
“There are fish in that stream,” said Tommy Traddles, decidedly.
“And field-mice in the woods; the market here will be excellent. I am
convinced that the guardian fairies of good cats have led us here. It
is well to be near town, because our city must be easily reached by
homeless cats who may wish to join us. I advise you, my friends, to
decide upon this spot at once as the site of the city. Do you agree to
stay here?”
“Yes, yes, yes!” cried all the cats together, their voices making a
chorus of soprano, alto, bass, baritone, and tenor. Even the kittens
joined with their thin little pipes, though they may have been crying
from sleepiness.
 “We’ll make a camp!” cried Ban-Ban, putting up his back and
dancing around on his toes the way he had always done when Rob
offered to play with him. “We will camp out for the night, and in the
morning we will ask the carpenter cats to begin to build our houses.”
“It won’t take us long,” cried the carpenter cats, five of the
strangers who had joined the party.
“I told a friend of mine I would write at once after we settled on a
site to let him know where he could join us. What are you going to
call the town?” asked one of these cats.
“Purrington!” cried Bidelia, triumphantly, looking around for the
praise she felt sure that this happy name would win from all her
companions. She had been thinking up a name during the three
days that she was getting together her kittens’ neck-ribbons,
mending their clothes, and packing for the journey.
All the cats raised such a yowl of delight that if there had been
any human being within hearing he would certainly have thought
that some awful thing had happened to all the cats in the world at
once. But it was merely keen pleasure that such a fashionable-
sounding, yet happy, homelike, catified name had been hit upon by
Bidelia, whom they now felt surer than ever must secretly be a
successful author.
“Purrington by all means,” said Tommy Traddles, with the grave
approval of a great scholar. “I should suggest that we also give this
stream a name, and call it the Meuse. Purrington-on-the-Meuse will
be a delightful heading for our note-paper.”
“Mews! Yes, that is a nice name for our river,” said Madam Laura.
“Yet I don’t like, don’t quite like, calling the river after mews only.
We are often so unhappy when we mew!”
“My dear lady,” said Doctor Traddles,—Tommy Traddles had been
honoured with the title of Doctor of Claws by a feline college,—“we
are not calling it after our own mews; we do not spell it that way.
This is M-E-U-S-E, not M-E-W-S, and there is a river with that name
in France. I confess I had the double sound of the word in my mind
when I suggested the name, however.”
“How did you become so learned, Tommy?” sighed Madam Laura,
much impressed.
“I used to sit on a dictionary a great deal of the time while I was
growing,” said Thomas Traddles. “I then lived with a student of law,
and I absorbed learning, and especially a knowledge of words, by
sitting, and even napping, on his dictionary.”
“We are going to live in Purrington-on-the-Meuse!” cried Ban-Ban,
with a flirt of his tail. “Wutz-Butz, bring your red flannel over here.
Those kittens must be put to bed. Kiku-san, will you let Dolly Varden
and Puttel sleep with you in your crocheted shawl, while Nugget
curls up with Wutz-Butz in this red flannel?”
Before Kiku-san could reply, Bidelia started to say that she must
keep her children with her, and Wutz-Butz to say that he intended to
watch all that night with ’Clipsy and some others of the stranger
cats; but nobody could hear a word that either of them said, for all
three kittens set up a perfectly deafening trio of miaous:
“We want mamma, we want mamma; we won’t sleep with Y-O-U-
U-U!” they shrieked.
“Oh, dear,” sighed Bidelia, “they are so tired you must pardon
them! My darlings, you are going to sleep with mamma; please,
please be quiet.” And she gave three hasty but tender licks down the
noses of each of them, which quieted the kittens and comforted
them.
“I was about to say that Bidelia may use my blanket to-night,” said
Wutz-Butz. “I shall stay awake and watch. By to-morrow night she
will have her own house all furnished.”
“You are most kind, Wutz-Butz,” said Bidelia, feeling rather
ashamed that she had looked down on Wutz-Butz, thinking him only
a stupid soldier. She curled herself down at once on his red flannel
and drew the three kittens to her, one under her forepaw, one close
to her head, and one tucked away under her chin—this was Dolly
Varden, the smallest and sweetest of the three.
Kiku-san and Ban-Ban laid down close together in Kiku’s crocheted
shawl. Kiku was very silent, and even Ban-Ban had nothing to say,
but drew the white cat’s gentle face close to his saucy one. They
remembered Rob and Lois, and it is more difficult to be brave at
night, than it is in the broad daylight, when the sun is shining.
“We will sing you to sleep,” said Madam Laura and Tommy
Traddles, kindly, guessing that these petted cats might be lonely.
And they sang to the tune of “Santa Lucia:”
“Little cats, dearest cats, sleep on your pillows,
Under the stars and ’neath green pussy-willows.
Sweet should your rest be and peaceful your slumber,
Dreaming of cream-pans and mice without number;
Rich your reward for your courage and pity,
Giving the homeless a home and a city.
Ban-Ban and Kiku-san, all cats shall bless you,
Lois and Robin again will caress you;
Bravest cats, dearest cats, sleep on your pillows,
Kissed by the winds and the soft pussy-willows.”

Sung to a low, sweet tune, this song proved soothing, and Kiku-
san and Ban-Ban fell asleep as soon as it ceased, borne away to
dreamland by the rise and fall of many purrs mingling with the
murmur of their rippling river Meuse.
 CHAPTER III
THE PURRERS OF PURRINGTON

o one can imagine how fast cat carpenters work, for very
few indeed have ever seen them work. And so it would
be hard to make any one believe how fast Purrington-
on-the-Meuse grew. Why, in a week those five cat
carpenters had built all the houses which were needed
to start with! Of course the other cats helped in all ways
that they could, such as bringing boards, laying up
bricks, and puttying in windows, but even with this help it was
wonderful the way the town grew.
There did not have to be many houses to begin with. There was
one big house, rather like a city apartment-house for single
gentlemen, in which the stranger cats, all of them unmarried, were
to live. Madam Laura offered to keep house for them, because they
never could take care of themselves without a lady at the head of
their domestic affairs, and there never could be another more fitted
in every way to keep house for them than was kind Madam Laura. It
was most good of her to do it, however, for being a lady of means,
she could have gone off and lived selfishly by herself, without a care
in the world.
Ban-Ban and Kiku-san lived with Bidelia and the children; Thomas
Traddles and his new friend ’Clipsy had another house to
themselves; and there was a fourth house put up for a widow lady
who came with her son to Purrington from the human city. She was
a white and yellow lady named Alloy, because she was not all gold,
and her son, who was about a month older than Bidelia’s children,
was named Scamp, and if ever a name just suited its bearer it was
this kitten’s, for he was such a scamp that all the cats were worried
for fear his example would lead Nugget into bad ways.
So they built a schoolhouse at once, and opened a school for the
children, with Doctor Traddles for teacher, and some others to come
in during the week to teach extra branches. Madam Laura, for
instance, taught Fishing and Deportment; Bidelia taught Dancing;
Kiku-san taught French, which he had learned from Lois’s French
nurse; Wutz-Butz taught Boxing; and ’Clipsy was to give a course in
Business Methods, which he had learned during his life in the
streets.

S. KATZ
FRESH
MICE
DAILY.
 Then there were the shops. One where you could buy ribbons,
collars, bells, catnip, balls, cushions, and all such elegant trifles; and
another which was the market. Here you could buy asparagus tips,
string beans, peas, fish, and meat. This was kept by a gentleman
named Schwartz Katz, one of the stranger cats who had joined the
party. He was very round and stout, and was of German descent,
having been born in a delicatessen shop in the human city. He had
the nicest, cleanest market you ever saw, and over his door was his
tempting sign: “S. Katz, Butcher. Fresh Mice Daily.” He had many
customers among the citizens of Purrington who were too busy or
too lazy to hunt their own game. He was a black cat, as his name
showed, but he wore a white front and had white forelegs, so that
he looked precisely like a human market-man—at least in his clothes
—who had put on a white apron and drawn white linen sleeves over
his coat sleeves. He often sat in his doorway, watching for
customers, looking big and fat and prosperous, just like a nice
German butcher.
Dr. Thomas Traddles had said that all the citizens of Purrington
should be spoken of as Purrers, both because they were so very
happy in their beautiful new city, and because it was the best way he
knew of shortening the word Purrington. So Purrers they were
called, and they lived up to it beautifully.
One day a most wonderful thing happened, and one that made
the cats of Purrington even more Purrers than they were before.
Everything had been made comfortable, and there was no lack of
anything a cat could want in Purrington, save one thing, but that
was a sad lack. This was milk. There was no milk to be had in
Purrington, and no prospect of a way to get any. The Purrers were
feeling very grave about it when, one day, a cow came walking along
the grass-grown road that led through the woods beside the city,
and stopped to look at the houses, as well she might, for there was
not one higher than three feet, and even the apartment-house was
not more than ten feet square.
 Ban-Ban saw the cow considering, and he guessed in a moment
that she must be the cow of whom he had heard Rob read in Mother
Goose, who belonged to a piper who bade the cow consider. He
knew this, because that was the only cow of whom he had ever
heard who considered. So he ran straightway out to the edge of the
woods to speak to her.
“Dear Madam,” Ban-Ban began most politely, for he had always
moved in the best society and had heard no end of books read
aloud, “you can’t imagine how glad I am to meet you. Did you like
‘Corn Rigs Are Bonny’ better than the first tune after you had bade
the piper play it to you?”
The cow stared. “Yes, I always liked that tune best of all,” she
said. “But how did you know?”
“That you were that piper’s cow?” asked Ban-Ban, twirling his
moustache with, it must be confessed, considerable self-satisfaction.
“Oh, I recognized you at once, because I saw you considering. May I
ask whither you are going and whence you came?”
You will see that Ban-Ban was trying to express himself elegantly,
because he wanted to impress the cow, and hoped to get her to see
things his way.
“I came from the piper,” said the cow, “but I have no idea where I
am going. I have left him for good and all. He had nought to give
me—”
“Yes; I know,” interrupted Ban-Ban.
“Well, of course I am fond of music and all that,” the cow went on,
“but a person cannot live on piping, and corn is better than the tune,
‘Corn Rigs Are Bonny.’ So I had to leave the piper, and now I am
looking for a home. When I see a comfortable farm, and a farmer
that looks good-tempered, and as if he would be kind to animals, I
shall turn in at his gate and chew my cud until he takes me to keep.”
Ban-Ban fairly quivered with eagerness. “We are not farmers,” he
began, and as the cow stared more than ever at the cat who made
such an unnecessary statement, he stopped and went back to the
beginning of his story.
“We are cats,” he said, “who have built this city of Purrington on
this river Meuse for a place where all poor, abused cats can come
and live happily all their nine lives. We have everything we want,
except milk. Don’t you think you could be happy if you joined us?
There would not be any one to bother you all day long; you could
wander where you might choose—and wherever a cow chews—with
no one to drive you, or turn you into a poor pasture, or out of a
good one. We would be honoured by your presence, and would build
you a house all to yourself, and all we would ask would be that every
morning and night you would let down your milk to us.”
“That would be like my friend Cusha-Cow Bonny. Her master
asked her to let down her milk to him, and he promised her in return
a gown of silk and a silver tee,” remarked the cow, thoughtfully.
“I don’t know what a silver tee is,” said Ban-Ban, “but it doesn’t
sound like anything that a cow would care for, and I’m sure you
would rather have a nice house and your freedom all the long
summer days than a gown of silk. Any sensible person would,
especially we who already have such beautiful gowns of fine fur and
glossy brown hair,—yours is a lovely colour, if you will pardon a
personal remark,” added artful Ban-Ban.
The cow smiled. “Not as beautiful as yours,” she said, not to be
outdone in politeness. “Yours is silver on the high line of your back,
and almost purple in the shadow; I never saw a more beautiful
coat.”
“Thank you,” said Ban-Ban. He did not pay as much attention to
compliments as the cow did, because he had been praised ever
since he had had his eyes open, and he could not help knowing how
beautiful he was. “Don’t you think that you would rather stay with
us, in Purrington, than to go farther, only to be again the slave of
some man?”
 The cow seemed to be struck by this way of putting the case; she
no longer hesitated. Shifting her cud to the left cheek, the cheek on
which a cow always chews when her mind is fully made up, Mrs.
Brindle said, decidedly: “I am quite sure that I should. And I will!”
“Good!” cried Ban-Ban. “Follow me, then!”
Making his tail very stiffly erect to do honour to such an important
occasion as was this one, when he was to lead into Purrington its
supply of much needed milk, Ban-Ban wheeled around and trotted
rapidly down
“The shout of welcome which all the Purrers of Purrington raised.”

the main street, followed by Mrs. Brindle, who looked more round-
eyed than ever, as if she could not quite understand being adopted
by a cat.
The shout of welcome which all the Purrers of Purrington raised as
they espied Ban-Ban and his companion nearly lifted little Dolly
Varden off her feet. But when she ran to the window and saw what
was coming she raised her piping voice and cried: “Mamma, Mamma
Bidelia! Come quick! Ban-Ban’s bringing home something awful, with
horns! It’s bigger than men and looks crosser!”
Bidelia ran to the window.
“Why, that’s milk, my Furry-Softness!” she cried, joyfully.
“Milk!” cried Nugget, scornfully. He was not nearly as respectful in
his manner since he had played with Scamp. “Milk comes in cans,
mamma; not in big, hair-covered horny things, with legs!”
“That is a cow, Nugget; you will see to-night whether you know
more than your mother. Cows give milk, just as pumps give water,”
said Bidelia, severely.
“Then I’m glad Ban-Ban brought her,” said Puttel, licking her lips
thirstily. “I’m so tired not having milk I ’most want to go back to our
old place.”
“Poor Puttel!” said Bidelia, feeling of the kitten’s nose. “You are
feverish. Never mind, my babies; to-night you shall have a long,
creamy, blessed drink, and I’m going to cook a fish for Ban-Ban’s
supper for bringing the cow here. What a genius Ban-Ban is!
Nugget, run around to Mr. Schwartz Katz’s and ask him to let you
have his best fish. Tell him Ban-Ban has brought the cow to
Purrington, and that the fish is for him.”
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