IGC GATE COACHING

GATE 2009
SOLUTIONS
AEROSPACE ENGINEERING
IIT Roorkee
Organizing Institute
Solution By Team IGC
Special Thanks to Mr Bhajan Lal J and Mr Sasmit Sanjay

Contact- 9740501604
Sol. B

Prandtl – Meyer expansion wave is an isentropic process. So entropy is constant.

Mach number increases and temperature, pressure and density decreases across
wave.

Sol. A

Note – Go through potential and stream function properties.

Sol. A

A plain trailing edge flap mainly increases the effective camber of the airfoil when
deflected downwards.

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Due to decreasing local radius of curvature, local centrifugal force increases and in
result of local pressure increase upward in normal direction down to the airfoil.

Note – Go through all trailing edge flaps and their properties.

Sol. C

Sol. D

𝑑2 𝑦
𝑑𝑥 2
+ ky = 0 where k is real and positive.

(𝐷 2 +k)y = 0

𝑚2 +k = 0

m = + i√𝑘, - i√𝑘 → two complex roots

Complementary function -

y = 𝐶1 cos(√𝑘𝑥) + 𝐶2 sin(√𝑘𝑥)

So it is simple harmonic function.

Contact- 9740501604
Sol. D

For non – trival solution,

|𝐴| = 0

→ 𝜆1. 𝜆2. . 𝜆3 … … . . 𝜆∞ = 0

Hence at least one eignvalue has to be equal to zero.

Sol. B

For a plane strain in x-y plane,

𝜖𝑥𝑥 , 𝜖𝑦𝑦 , 𝛾𝑥𝑦 ≠ 0

𝜖𝑧𝑧 = 𝛾𝑥𝑧 = 𝛾𝑦𝑧 = 0

𝜎𝑥𝑥 , 𝜎𝑦𝑦 , 𝜎𝑧𝑧 , 𝜏𝑥𝑦 ≠ 0

𝜏𝑥𝑧 = 𝜏𝑦𝑧 = 0

𝜎𝑧𝑧 𝜎𝑥𝑥 𝜎𝑦𝑦

𝜖𝑧𝑧 = 𝐸
− 𝜈(𝐸
+ 𝐸
) =0

𝜎𝑧𝑧 = 𝜈(𝜎𝑥𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦𝑦 )

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Sol. D
𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑢𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
Hint: Propulsive efficiency of turbojet engine, 𝜂𝑝 = ∆(𝐾.𝐸.)

Sol. B

M = 2, T = 250 K, 𝛾 = 1.4
𝑇0 𝛾−1
=1+( )𝑀2
𝑇 2

𝑇0 = 450 K

Sol. C

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Sol. C

Sol. A

Altimeter measures altitude from mean sea level by using static pressure.

Sol. C

We know,
1 2 1 2
2
𝜌𝑉𝑇𝐴𝑆 = 2 𝜌0 𝑉𝐸𝐴𝑆

Contact- 9740501604
𝑉𝐸𝐴𝑆 𝜌
𝑉𝑇𝐴𝑆
= √𝜌 = √𝜎
0

Sol. B

Low wing a/c with positive dihedral angle gives more restoring roll moment and
stabilizes spiral mode.

Sol. D

Thrust, F = 𝑚̇(𝑉𝑒 − 𝑉𝑎 ) + 𝐴𝑒 (𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑎 )

So, F ∝ 𝑚̇

F∝ 𝜌 (Mass flow rate, 𝑚̇ = 𝜌𝐴𝑉 )

Now density decrease with altitude. So Thrust will also decreases with altitude.

Contact- 9740501604
Sol. A
𝑑𝐶𝑚𝐶𝐺
< 0 → For static longitudinal stability
𝑑𝛼

𝐶𝑚 = 𝐶𝑚𝛼 .𝛼

So, 𝐶𝑚𝛼 represent stiffness in pitch

Sol. C

Sol. B

C = 4 Ns/m, k = 16 N/m

C = 𝐶𝑐 = 2√𝑘𝑚 (For a critical damped system)

m = 0.25 kg

Contact- 9740501604
Sol. B

Here couple create torque and given section undergo twist, for thin-walled sections

T = 2Aq = 2A𝜏𝑡
𝑇
𝜏= → Constant
2A𝑡

Sol. C, shear flow for a section with common junction is always junction point

Contact- 9740501604
Sol. D

For a Rocket vehicle -

From Newton’s 2nd law of motion,

F = ma
𝑑𝑉
m. = F – D - mg sin 𝜃 .... (1)
𝑑𝑡

Here, F = thrust provided by rocket engine in velocity direction

D = Drag in opposite direction to velocity of rocket

𝜃 = Angle made by rocket velocity to the horizontal direction

Thrust, F = 𝑚̇c
𝑑𝑚
Here, 𝑚̇ = mass flow rate = -
𝑑𝑡

C = 𝑉𝑒 = Gas velocity

From equation (1) in the absence of gravity and atmospheric drag,

𝑑𝑉 𝑑𝑚
m. 𝑑𝑡 = F = - 𝑑𝑡
×𝐶

𝑑𝑚
dV = - 𝑚
.C

𝑉 𝑀 𝑑𝑚
∫𝑉 2 𝑑𝑉 = - C ∫𝑀 𝑓
1 𝑖 𝑚

Contact- 9740501604
 𝑀
𝑉2 - 𝑉1 = C.ln 𝑀 𝑖 ...... (2)
𝑓

𝐹 𝑚̇𝐶 𝐶
Specific impulse, 𝐼𝑆𝑃 = 𝑚𝑔̇ = 𝑚̇𝑔 = 𝑔

From equation (2),

𝑀
∆𝑉 =𝐼𝑆𝑃 . 𝑔 .ln 𝑀 𝑖
𝑓

𝑀0
(∆𝑉)𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝐼𝑆𝑃 . 𝑔 .ln ( )
𝑀 0 −𝑀𝑝

Sol. D

For ideal turbine,

𝑇03 = 1500 K, 𝐶𝑝 = 1 kJ/kg-K

𝑇04
𝑇03
= 0.667

𝑊̇𝐶 = 𝑊̇𝑇 = 𝑚̇𝑔 . 𝐶𝑝 (𝑇03 − 𝑇04 )

𝑊̇𝑇 𝑇04
= 𝐶𝑝 𝑇03 (1 - ) = 1× 1500 × (1 − 0.667) = 499.5 kW/kg/s
𝑚̇𝑔 𝑇03

Sol. A
𝐹 𝑚̇𝐶 𝐶
Specific impulse, 𝐼𝑆𝑃 = 𝑚𝑔̇ = 𝑚̇𝑔 = 𝑔

Contact- 9740501604
Let’s assume convergent nozzle used in rocket motor.

𝑇𝑐 is temperature in chamber.

𝑉2
ℎ0 = h + 2

𝑉2
𝑇𝑐 = T + 2𝐶
𝑝

𝑇
𝑉𝑒 = √2𝐶𝑝 ( 𝑇𝑐 − 𝑇) = √2𝐶𝑝 𝑇𝑐 (1 − )
𝑇𝑐

𝑇𝑐 𝛾−1 2 𝛾+1
𝑇
=1+ 2
𝑀 = 2
(M=1)

𝛾𝑅 2 𝛾𝑅
𝑉𝑒 = 𝐶 = √2 𝛾−1 𝑇𝑐 (1 − 𝛾+1) = √2 𝛾+1 𝑇𝑐

𝛾𝑅
𝐶 √2𝛾+1 𝑇𝑐
Specific impulse, 𝐼𝑆𝑃 = 𝑔
= 𝑔

𝐼𝑆𝑃 ∝ √𝑇𝑐

𝐼𝑆𝑃 = K√𝑇𝑐

𝐼𝑆𝑃,1 = K√𝑇𝑐 + 0.4𝑇𝑐 = 1.18 K√𝑇𝑐

𝐼𝑆𝑃,1 −𝐼𝑆𝑃
% change in 𝐼𝑆𝑃 = × 100% = 18 %
𝐼𝑆𝑃

Sol. B

𝐴𝐶𝑆 = 0.4𝑚2 , 𝜌𝑝 = 1500 kg/𝑚3 , 𝑟̇ = 5 mm/s = 5× 10−3 m/s, 𝐼𝑆𝑃 = 200 seconds

𝑚̇𝑝 = 𝜌𝑝 𝐴𝐶𝑆 𝑟̇ = 3 kg/s

F = 𝑚̇𝑝 . 𝐶 = 𝑚̇𝑝 . 𝐼𝑆𝑃 . 𝑔 = 3× 200 × 9.81 = 5.88 kN ≅ 6 kN

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Sol. A

𝑉𝑎 = 1 km/s = 1000 m/s, 𝑇𝑎 = 225 K, 𝑃𝑎 = 0.25 bar, 𝑇𝑒 = 900 K, 𝛾 = 1.4

We know for an ideal ramjet engine,

𝑀𝑎 = 𝑀𝑒
𝑉𝑎 𝑉𝑒
=
√𝛾𝑅𝑇𝑎 √𝛾𝑅𝑇𝑒

𝑇𝑒
𝑉𝑒 = 𝑉𝑎 √
𝑇𝑎

Thrust, F = 𝑚̇𝑉𝑒 - 𝑚̇𝑉𝑎

𝐹 𝑇𝑒 𝑇𝑒
= 𝑉𝑒 - 𝑉𝑎 = 𝑉𝑎 √ - 𝑉𝑎 = 𝑉𝑎 (√ − 1) = 1000 N-s/kg
𝑚̇ 𝑇𝑎 𝑇𝑎

Sol. D

Contact- 9740501604
𝑃0 = const. throughout

𝑚̇𝑏𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 = 𝑚̇𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑟𝑒

𝛾 = const.

𝐴∗ = variable, 𝐴1 = const.

𝑇𝑒1 = 750 K, 𝑇𝑒2 = 3000 K

Assume isentropic flow,

𝑚̇ = 𝜌1 𝐴1 𝑉1 = 𝜌𝑒1 𝐴∗1 𝑉𝑒1 = 𝜌𝑒2 𝐴∗2 𝑉𝑒2

𝑉𝑒 = √𝛾𝑅𝑇𝑒 (chocked)

𝜌𝑒1 𝐴∗1 𝑉𝑒1 = 𝜌𝑒2 𝐴∗2 𝑉𝑒2

𝑃𝑒1 𝑃
𝐴 𝑉
𝑅𝑇𝑒1 ∗1 𝑒1
= 𝑅𝑇𝑒2 𝐴∗2 𝑉𝑒2
𝑒2

𝐴∗2 𝑉 𝑃 𝑇 √𝛾𝑅𝑇𝑒1 𝑃𝑒1 𝑇𝑒2 𝑇 𝑃 𝑃 𝑃 𝑃 𝑇

𝐴∗1
= 𝑉𝑒1 𝑃𝑒1 𝑇𝑒2 = = √𝑇𝑒2 𝑃𝑒1 𝑃0 = (𝑃 0 ) × ( 𝑃𝑒1 ) √𝑇𝑒2
𝑒2 𝑒2 𝑒1 √𝛾𝑅𝑇𝑒2 𝑃𝑒2 𝑇𝑒1 𝑒1 𝑒2 0 𝑒2 0 𝑒1

𝑃𝑒 → Chocked condition
𝛾
𝑃0 𝛾−1 2 𝛾−1
= [1 + 𝑀 ] (M = 1)
𝑃𝑒 2

𝑃0 𝑃
∴ 𝑃𝑒1
= 𝑃0 (𝑃0 = const. throughout)
𝑒2

𝐴∗2 𝑇 3000
𝐴∗1
= √𝑇𝑒2 = √ 750 = 2
𝑒1

Contact- 9740501604
Sol. B

𝑉∞ = 100 m/s

q = 0.2 deg/s

𝑙𝑡 = 4m
𝜋
Tangential velocity induced due to pitch up, 𝜔 = q𝑙𝑡 = 0.2× × 4 = 0.013962 m/s
180

𝜔
∆𝛼 = tan−1 (𝑉 ) = 0.008 deg.
∞

Sol. A

𝐶𝑚𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑙 = 𝐶𝑚0 + 𝐶𝑚𝛼 . 𝛼

𝐶𝑚𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑙 = 0.2 – 0.0215 𝛼

𝜕𝐶𝑚
= - 0.0215
𝜕𝛼

𝜕𝐶𝑚
𝜕𝛼
<0 → a/c is longitudinal stable.

Contact- 9740501604
Sol. C

For straight and level flight,

w = 0 m/s, q = 0 rad/s, 𝜃 = 0 deg,

Sol. D
𝑢
⃗⃗⃗
𝑉 = {𝑣 }
𝑤

𝛼 = angle of attack

𝛽 = angle of sideslip

Contact- 9740501604
v = Vsin 𝛽

u = Vcos 𝛽 cos 𝛼

w = Vcos 𝛽 sin 𝛼

Note – Go through equation of motion in dynamic stability.

Sol. C

m = 2500 kg

V = 100 m/s

Available excess power = 1.0× 106 W

𝑒𝑥𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
R/C = Vsin 𝛾 = = 40.77 m/s
𝑊

Sol. A

2𝐺𝑀
𝑉𝑒𝑠𝑐 = √ = √2𝑔𝑅
𝑅

(𝑉 ) √2𝑔𝑚 𝑅𝑚 𝑔𝑚 𝑅𝑚
→ (𝑉𝑒𝑠𝑐) 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑠 = =√ = √0.385 × 0.532 = 0.452
𝑒𝑠𝑐 𝐸𝑎𝑟𝑡ℎ √2𝑔𝑒 𝑅𝑒 𝑔𝑒 𝑅𝑒

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Sol. A

Note – Go through normal shock wave’s properties.

Sol. C

𝑉∞ = 50 m/s

𝑉 2
𝐶𝑝,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = - 6.29 = 1 - (𝑉 )
∞

V = 135 m/s

Sol. C

𝐶𝐿 = 0.53

For symmetrical airfoil, 𝐶𝐿0 = 0

𝜕𝐶𝐿 0.53−0
𝑎0 = 𝜕𝛼
= 5−0
= 0.106 per degree

e =1, AR = 6

Contact- 9740501604
 𝜕𝐶 𝑎0
( 𝜕𝛼𝐿 ) =a= 𝑎0 = 0.080 per degree
𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 1+
𝜋𝑒𝐴𝑅

𝐶𝐿 (For wing) = a.(𝛼 − 𝛼𝐿=0 ) = 0.08× 5 = 0.40

Sol. B

Continuity equation,

𝐴1 𝑉1 = 𝐴2 𝑉2 ….. (1)

Bernoulli equation,
1 1
𝑃1 + 𝜌𝑉12 = 𝑃2 + 𝜌𝑉22 ….. (2)
2 2

So from equations (1) and (2),

1 𝐴21
𝑃2 - 𝑃1 = 𝜌𝑉12 [1 − ]
2 𝐴22

Contact- 9740501604
Sol. D
Γ
Point 1 induces velocity at point 2 with magnitude of upwards.
2𝜋𝑑

Γ
Point 2 induces velocity at point 1 with magnitude of 2𝜋𝑑
downwards.

The motion of these two velocities is circulatory about point p.

𝑉 Γ
Angular velocity, 𝜔 = 𝑅 = 𝜋𝑑2

Sol. C

At 0.33 m, 𝛿1 = 7.2 mm

Contact- 9740501604
 5𝑥 𝜌𝑉𝑥
Boundary layer, 𝛿 = ; 𝑅𝑒𝑥 = 𝜇
√𝑅𝑒𝑥

1
So, 𝛿 ∝
√𝑉

𝑘
𝛿1 =
√𝑉1

𝑘 𝑘 𝛿1
Now, 𝛿2 = = = = 5.88 mm
√𝑉2 𝑉
√𝑉1 + 1 √3/2
2

Contact- 9740501604
Sol. B

𝑅𝑎 + 𝑅𝑏 = 0 …. (1)

∑ 𝑀𝑎 = 0 = 𝑅𝑏 × 𝐿 – M = 0... (2)
𝑀
𝑅𝑏 = 𝐿

𝑀 𝑀
𝑅𝐴 = - 𝐿
= 𝐿
↓

From RHS,

CB section –

𝑀𝑥 = - M (hogging)

𝑀𝑐 = - M

𝑀𝑏 = - M

𝐵𝑀 Section –

𝑀𝑥 = - M + 𝑅𝑏 (𝑥 − 𝐿)

Contact- 9740501604
𝑀𝑏 = - M

𝑀𝑎 = 0

Sol. A

For 2 degree of spring mass system,

𝑚1 𝑚2 𝜔4 – [𝑚1 (𝑘3 + 𝑘2 ) + 𝑚2 (𝑘1 + 𝑘2 )] 𝜔2 + [𝑘1 𝑘2 + 𝑘2 𝑘3 + 𝑘3 𝑘1] = 0

Here, 𝑘1 = 0, 𝑘2 = k, 𝑘3 = 0

𝑚1 𝑚2 𝜔4 – [𝑚1 𝑘 +𝑚2 𝑘] 𝜔2 = 0

𝑘(𝑚1 +𝑚2 )
𝜔 = 0 and √
𝑚1 𝑚2

Sol. A

L = 0.5 m, E = 210× 109 N/𝑚2

Rectangular c/s dimensions (b× 𝑑) = 1cm× 1.5𝑐𝑚

𝑑𝑏3 (1.5×10−2 )×(1×10−2 )3

𝐼= 12
= 12
= 0.125× 10−8 𝑚4

Contact- 9740501604
For a simply supported column,

𝜋2 𝐸𝐼
𝑃𝑐𝑟 = 𝐿2
= 10.36 kN

Sol. B

𝑀𝑦 = 10 N-m

n = 3.5

𝐼𝑦𝑦 = ∫ 𝑑𝐴. 𝑥 2 = 1× 10−4 × (0.025)2 × 4 = 2.5× 10−7 𝑚4

𝑀
𝜎𝑧𝑧 = 𝐼 𝑦 . 𝑥 = 106 N/𝑚2
𝑦𝑦

𝐿 𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒

n=𝑊 = 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑡𝑔ℎ𝑡

∵n=1

L =W

So 𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 (at n = 1) = 106 N/𝑚2

At n = 3.5, 𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 3.5× 106 N/𝑚2

Contact- 9740501604
Sol. B
1
m = 1 kg, L = 1m, k = 1 N/m, C = 1 N-s/m, a = m
√3

𝑚𝐿2
𝐼𝐴 =
3

𝐼𝐴 𝜃̈ + (ka𝜃).a = 0

𝑘𝑎 2
𝜔𝑛 = √ 𝐼 = 1 rad/s
𝐴

𝐶𝑐 = 2m𝜔𝑛 = 2 N-s/m
𝐶
Damping factor, 𝜉 = 𝐶 = ½ < 1 → under damped
𝑐

Contact- 9740501604
Sol. C

T = 10 N-m, t = 0.5 mm

T = 2𝐴1 𝑞1 + 2𝐴2 𝑞2

𝐴1 = 𝐴2 = 50× 50 × 10−6 𝑚2

𝑞1 +𝑞2 = 2000 N/m

Sol. C
𝜋 𝑑𝑥
𝐼 = ∫0
1+𝑥+sin 𝑥

By trapezoidal rule,
𝑥 +𝑛ℎ ℎ
𝐼𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑝. = ∫𝑥 0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 2 [(𝑦0 + 𝑦𝑛 ) + 2(𝑦1 + 𝑦2 + ⋯ … +𝑦𝑛−1 )]
0

1
f(x) = 1+𝑥+sin 𝑥

𝜋−0 𝜋
h= 2
= 2

Contact- 9740501604
 x 0 𝜋 𝜋
2

y 1 0.28004 0.24145

𝐼𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑝. = 1.41

Sol. D

2 1 1
A = [1 3 1]
1 1 4

Eigen values → 𝜆1 , 𝜆2 , 𝜆3

𝜆1 × 𝜆2 × 𝜆3 = |𝐴| = 24 + 1 + 1 – 3 – 4 – 2 = 17

Sol. B

f(x) = 𝑒 𝜋𝑥 + sin 𝜋𝑥

f’(x) = 0 , for max. and min.

Now just check manually for fast solving question,

f(1) = 𝑒 𝜋

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f(2) = 𝑒 2𝜋
3
f(1.5) = 𝑒 2𝜋 − 1

So it is max. at x = 2 in [1,2] interval.

Sol. B
𝑠+1
F(s) = (𝑠+4)(𝑠−3)

𝑠+1 𝐴 𝐵
(𝑠+4)(𝑠−3)
= 𝑠+4 + 𝑠−3

A = 3/7

B = 4/7
𝑠+1 3/7 4/7
F(s) = (𝑠+4)(𝑠−3) = 𝑠+4 + 𝑠−3

3 1 4 1
𝐿−1 {F(s) } = 7 𝐿−1 {𝑠+4 } + 7 𝐿−1 {𝑠−3 }

3 4
= 7 𝑒 −4𝑡 + 7 𝑒 3𝑡

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Sol. A

Ax = b

1 2 3
A=[ ] and b = { }
2 4 3
1 2: 3
A:b = [ ]
2 4: 3
1 2: 3
=[ ] → (𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 2𝑅1)
0 0 : −3

So, 𝜌(𝐴) = 1

𝜌(A: b) = 2

So, No solution

Sol. B

𝑥2 = R

f(x) = 𝑥 2 - R

f’(x) = 2x
f(x)
𝑥𝑛+1 = 𝑥𝑛 - (Newton – Raphson method)
f’(x)

2 −R
𝑥𝑛 1 𝑅
𝑥𝑛+1 = 𝑥𝑛 - 2𝑥𝑛
= 2 [𝑥𝑛 + 𝑥 ]
𝑛

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Sol. D

For phugoid mode, Eigen values are smaller than short period mode that is 𝜆1 and 𝜆2 .

Sol. A

For short period, the Eigen values have largest magnitude and imaginary parts.

→ 𝑆 2 – (𝜆3 + 𝜆4 ).S + 𝜆3 × 𝜆4 = 0

𝑆 2 + 5S + 13.01 = 0

𝜔𝑛2𝑠 = 13.01

𝜔𝑛𝑠 = 3.606 rad/s

2𝜉𝜔𝑛𝑠 = 5

𝜉 = 0.693

𝜔𝑑𝑠 = 𝜔𝑛𝑠 × √1 − 𝜉 2 = 2.59 rad/s

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Sol. C

𝐴 = (𝑦 3 + 𝑧 3 )𝑖̂ + (𝑥 3 + 𝑧 3 )𝑗̂ + (𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 )𝑘̂

By Gauss Divergence theorem,

∯(𝐴 . 𝑛⃗ )𝑑𝑠 = ∭(∇. 𝐴 )dV

𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
∇. 𝐴 = (𝑦 3 + 𝑧3) + (𝑥 3 + 𝑧 3) + (𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3) = 0
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧

So, ∯(𝐴 . 𝑛⃗ )𝑑𝑠 0

Sol. B

∅ = 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 𝑧2 − 1

Normal vector to the surface,

𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
∇∅ = 𝜕𝑥 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 − 1 ) 𝑖̂ + 𝜕𝑦 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 − 1 ) 𝑗̂ + 𝜕𝑧 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 − 1 ) 𝑘̂

= 2x𝑖̂ + 2y𝑗̂ + 2z𝑘̂

1 1 1
At ( 3, , ) -
√ √3 √3

∇∅ ̂
2x𝑖̂ + 2y𝑗̂ + 2z𝑘 1 1 1
Unit vector, 𝑛⃗ = |∇∅| = = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂
√4𝑥 2 +4𝑦2 +4𝑧 2 √3 √3 √3

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 1 1 1
At ( 3, , ) -
√ √3 √3

(𝑦 3 +𝑧 3 ) (𝑥 3 +𝑧 3 ) (𝑥 3 +𝑦 3 ) 2
𝐴. 𝑛⃗ = + + =3
√3 √3 √3

Sol. B

Note – Go through vibration of shaft.

Sol. B
𝜔 𝜋
cos( 𝑐 𝐿) = cos(2𝑛 + 1) 2

(2𝑛+1) (2𝑛+1)𝜋 𝐺𝐽
𝜔= 2𝐿
.c = 2𝐿
.√ 𝐼

Contact- 9740501604
Sol. C

Air temperature at enter section of combustor, 𝑇01 = 500 K

At exit, 𝑇03 = 1550 K

𝑚̇𝑓
f = 𝑚̇ = 0.05 ; 𝑚̇𝑎 = 𝑚̇𝑐 + 𝑚̇ℎ
ℎ

∆𝐻𝑟𝑝 = 42 MJ/kg, 𝑐𝑝 = 1 kJ/kg.K

Energy equation in combustor (primary section),

𝑚̇ℎ . ℎ01 + 𝑚̇𝑓 . 𝜂𝑏 . ∆𝐻𝑟𝑝 = (𝑚̇ℎ + 𝑚̇𝑓 ) ℎ02

𝑐𝑝 . 𝑇01 + f.1. ∆𝐻𝑟𝑝 = (1+f). 𝑐𝑝 . 𝑇02

𝑇02 = 2476.91 K

Sol. D

Energy equation in combustor (primary section + secondary section),

∆𝐻01 + ∆𝐻02 = ∆𝐻03 …. (1)

𝑚̇𝑐 . 𝑐𝑝1 . 𝑇01 +(𝑚̇ℎ + 𝑚̇𝑓 ) 𝑐𝑝2 . 𝑇02 = (𝑚̇𝑎 + 𝑚̇𝑓 ) 𝑐𝑝3 . 𝑇03

Contact- 9740501604
𝑐𝑝1 = 𝑐𝑝2 = 𝑐𝑝3 = 𝑐𝑝

𝑚̇ℎ
= 1:1
𝑚̇𝑐

Sol. A

∆𝑄 = ∆𝑊 + ∆𝑈

∆𝑊 = work done by system

m = 1 kg, ∆𝑊̇ = - 3000 W, ∆𝑄̇ = - 847.5 W

Δ𝑄 Δ𝑊 Δ𝑈
= +
Δ𝑡 Δ𝑡 Δ𝑡

Δ𝑈
= 2152.5
Δ𝑡

∆𝑈 = 21525 J

For per kg mass, ∆𝑈 = 21525 J/kg

Sol. C

𝐶𝑝 = 1004.5 J/kg-K, 𝐶𝑣 = 717.5 J/kg-K

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∆𝑈 = m𝐶𝑣 ∆𝑇
∆𝑈
𝑚
= 𝐶𝑣 ∆𝑇

∆𝑇 = 30 K

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Contact- 9740501604
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