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unit 1 - Introduction to higher education_8625

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17 views

unit 1 - Introduction to higher education_8625

Uploaded by

alinoon3991
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTRODUCTION

TO HIGHER
EDUCATION
Ali Zaman
Objectives of session:
• After successful completion of session, participants will be
able to:
• explain the nature of higher education
• discuss the need and purpose of higher education
• know the challenges and suggestions about higher education
• Understand the status, factors and reforms of higher
education in Pakistan
Introduction of Higher Education:
• Any of the various types of education given in post
secondary education of learning and afforded by a degree at
the end of course.
• Higher Educational Institutions include not only Universities
and Colleges, but also various Professional Schools that
provide preparation in such fields as law, medicine,
business, art, music, and engineering.
• The terms higher education, tertiary education and post-
secondary education are used interchangeably (The World
Bank, 2000).
University:

• Educational institution designed for instruction,


examination or both, of students in many branches of
advanced learning and conferring degrees.
• According to the modern concept of education, a
University is a city of the universe. This meaning essentially
includes knowledge and information of all disciplines.
Need and Scope of Higher
Education:
Higher education improves an individual's quality of life.
• A person with higher education has better dietary and
health practices; greater economic stability and security;
more prestigious employment and greater job satisfaction;
less dependency on government assistance, greater
community service and leadership, more volunteer work,
more self-confidence, and less criminal activity.
Conti……..
• HE Support and enhance the process of economic and
social development
• To enable individuals to achieve excellence
• To strengthen the micro-management infra-structure of
society and to train national managers" of “collective
leadership"
• To create specialized expertise like in agriculture,
medicine, nuclear, space, chemical, and energy fields
• To inspire education at different levels and to coordinate
at the national level
• Human resource development
Purpose of higher education:
• Career preparation
• Broader practical benefits
• Personal development
Better communication
Critical thinking skills
Identification of skills
Realization of passion
Greater sense of discipline
Sense of accomplishment
• Pursuing a passion
Challenges in Higher Education:
• Since inception, Pakistan’s university education system has evolved
through a series of curriculum reforms aimed at addressing the persistent
challenges of rote learning and fostering critical thinking.
• Early curricula emphasized rote learning with teachers as dispensers of knowledge
and students focused on memorization. Critical thinking skills, such as evaluation
and synthesize, were lacking.
• According to Hoodhbuoy (2009), working & experiencing for long time with higher
education commission in Pakistan, reveals that after even completing graduation
the students remain unable to evaluate, synthesize and manipulate the
information to make sense of it and get an idea.
• Higher education is faced with very severe challenges in the shape of
various economic, social, political, and moral changes, and its future
depends on the response made by its people to these challenges (Rao,
2003).
• Theses challenges are multidimensional like population explosion, lack of
resources, non participation of private sector, inconsistency of policies,
political instability and inefficient educational system (Hayes, 1987).
Major challenges:
• Quantity and Quality
• Equity
• Student unrest
• Emotional integration
• Administrative reforms
• Faculty
• Educational policies
• Academic freedom
• Courses and curricula
• Budgeting and financing
Suggestions to meet the Challenges:

• Stress is laid on the need for improving the quality of


education at every stage so that a proper foundation can
be laid for advanced study.
• To begin from the top without reforming the lower stages
is against the law of nature.
• A multidimensional, flexible, and dynamic education
system, which serves people according to their ability and
aptitude.
• Higher education institutions must be responsive to the
challenges of the rapidly changing world
Cont.….

• Equal opportunity should be given to all students by


considering their economic conditions.
• Should ensure availability of all resources like qualified
faculty, equipped libraries, fully developed laboratories.
• Examination system should be reliable and effective,
teaching methods should be rational and updated.
Higher education in Pakistan:

• Unfortunately education system in Pakistan is really


backward but luckily people are not inherently
incompetent or morally incurable.
• Need is to diagnose maladies correctly and take
appropriate measures to cure these maladies.
• Main reason of this failure is following the foreign rules
and blind imitation of western attitudes and methods.
Vision of higher education:

Vision of HE for Education Sector Reform


2001
• Transformation of our institutions of
higher education into world class seats of
learning, equipped to foster high quality
education, scholarship and research, to
produce enlightened citizens with strong
moral and ethical values that build a
tolerant and pluralistic society rooted in
the culture of Pakistan.
Recommendations for
improvement:

There are following recommendations for improvement of


higher education in Pakistan:
• University governance and management
• Central coordination and support for quality
• Funding
• Faculty and staff
• Research
• Curriculum
• Implementation

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