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Introduction to Textiles

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7 views

Introduction to Textiles

Uploaded by

skbhayday1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Preface

• The wearing of clothing is exclusively a human characteristic


and is a feature of most human societies. There has always
been some disagreement among scientists on when humans
began wearing clothes, but studies involving the evolution of
body lice suggest it started sometime around 170,000 years
ago.
• Extraction of fabrics and weaving textiles were first started in
the Middle East during the late Stone Age. Wearing fabric
clothes began from 100,000 to 500,000 years ago.
• Knitting was first introduced as a fabric creation technique,
dating 6500 BC, which is even popular in today's fabrics.
Anthropologists believe that animal skins and vegetation
were adapted into coverings as protection from cold, heat,
and rain, especially as humans migrated to new climates.
• Textiles can be felt or spun fibers made
into yarn and subsequently netted,
looped, knit or woven to make fabrics, which
appeared in the Middle East during the late Stone
Age. From ancient times to the present day,
methods of textile production have continually
evolved.
• scientists have never agreed on when humans
began wearing clothes and the estimates suggested
by various experts have ranged greatly, from 40,000
to 3 million years ago.
•Cave paintings and pictorial evidence suggest the
existence of dress in the Paleolithic period, around 30,000
years ago, though these were skin drapes. Textile clothing
came to notice around 27,000 years ago, while actual
textile fragments from 7000 B.C. have been discovered by
archeologists.

•Flax is the oldest fiber found in Egypt and mesopotemia.


Wool fiber was used as felt.
Sewing needles have been dated to at least 50,000 years ago (Denisova
Cave, Siberia)—and are likely to have been made about 10,000 years
before the arrival of Neanderthal and human groups in the cave. The
oldest possible example is 60,000 years ago, a needlepoint (missing
stem and eye) found in Sibudu Cave, South Africa. Other early examples
of needles dating from 41,000 to 15,000 years ago are found in multiple
locations, e.g. Slovenia, Russia, China, Spain, and France.
The earliest dyed flax fibers have been found in a prehistoric cave in
Georgia and date back to 36,000.
The first actual textile, as opposed to skins sewn together, was
probably felt.
• Earlier yarn spinning was women’s shore,
weaving was a craft for men.John kay in 1733
invented flying shuttle which increased yarn
demand (yarn hunger) and productivity.Then
steam engine was invented.This was the start of
industrialization.For the next 180 years
development was continuous.
• Levi strauss an American businessman started
using blue denims in 1890.In 1930 cargo
pants,canvas material for military
uniforms.Author F. Scott Fitzgerald named T-shirt
for its T-shape in his book ‘’This side of Paradise”.
• 1960’s was the introduction of non-
convetional spinning techniques and a
weaving loom without shuttles.In 1970 open-
end rotor,friction spinning,air-jet spinning
processes were introduced which led 10 to 15
fold increase in yarn production.
Textile Fibers
• Textile fibers have been developed over many
hundred years and most suitable fibers have been
selected for the textile industries. Fibers have
traditionally been used by human in all cultures of
the world to meet their basic requirements i.e.
clothing,home and technical purposes.
• The demand of natural fibers is constantly
increasing due to their environmental friendly,
hygienic, comfortable character, thermal insulation,
breathability and softness in feelings.
• Textile fiber is a class of materials which are natural
or manufactured,can take tensile,friction and
bending forces and spun into yarn by twisting
together or also converting into fabric (non-woven)
direct from fiber.
• Fiber is the smallest visible substance which is
extremely thin in relation to its width.
• Any substance,natural or manufactured will be
considered as a textile fiber if it posses the
following parameters:
High length to width ratio,at least 500 times longer
than it’s lateral dimension i.e.
L(length)/d(diameter)> 500.It is termed as
slenderness ratio
Flexibility/stiffness (can give any shape)
Dye ability
Good strength and elongation (elastic and not rigid)

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