Course Structure and Syllabus

M.Sc. Environmental Science

(2 Years)

Academic Session 2022-23 onwards

(Updated syllabus in accordance with NEP 2020)

Department of Environmental Science

School of Earth Sciences
Central University of Rajasthan
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Program Objectives

1. Impart basic knowledge about the environment and its allied problems at the local, regional
and global scale.
2. Train the students in scientific analyses of environmental components and its management.
3. Provide practical training on modern instrumentation and analytical techniques for
environmental analyses.
4. Prepare for global competence for career options in research fellowship program,
education, research, industries, consultancy, environmental journalism, etc.
5. Understanding the impacts of climate change, environmental pollution and mitigation
strategies.

Program Outcomes

After completion of the program, students will be able to:

1. Use the concepts and methods of ecological, biological, chemical, geological, glaciological
and geospatial sciences to solve environmental problems.
2. Apply environmental concepts and methodologies to analyze and understand the
interactions between social and environmental processes.
3. Evaluate environmental impacts and assessment using multidisciplinary and advanced
approaches.
4. Achieve proficiency in conducting interdisciplinary research and communication skills.
5. Demonstrate an understanding of legal policies, regulatory and ethical considerations
relating to the environment.
6. Understand essential mathematical and statistical approaches used to analyze
environmental data and apply analytical techniques to solve environmental problems
7. Communicate complex analyses, interpretations and significance effectively in the relevant
domain to varied communities.
8. Create moral and ethical awareness to identify ethical issues related to environmental and
social aspects.
9. Collaborate in teams with peers and mentors and work with others in diverse group
settings, developing flexibility and leadership skills.

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 M.Sc. Environmental Science (2 year programme) Course Structure

Semester I/VII
S. No. Course Code Course Name Credit L T P
1 ENV401 Fundamentals of Ecology 3 3 0 0
2 ENV402 Environmental Chemistry 3 3 0 0
Instrumentation for Environmental
3 ENV403* 3 2 1 0
Monitoring and Analysis
4 ENV404 Environmental Pollution 3 3 0 0
5 ENV405 Biodiversity and Wildlife Conservation 3 2 1 0
6 ENV406* Environmental Laboratory-I 3 0 0 3
7 ENV4XX Discipline Elective / MOOCs 3 3 0 0
Total Credits 21
Semester II/VIII
S. No. Course Code Course Name Credit L T P
1 ENV407 Environmental Geoscience 3 3 0 0
2 ENV408* Air and Water Quality Management 3 2 1 0
3 ENV409* Remote Sensing and GIS 3 2 1 0
4 ENV410* Environmental Impact Assessment and 3 3 0 0
Management
5 ENV411* Environmental Laboratory-II 3 0 0 3
6 ENV412* Minor Dissertation 3 0 1 2
7 ENV4XX Discipline Elective / MOOCs 3 3 0 0
Total Credits 21
Semester III/IX
S. No. Course Code Course Name Credit L T P
1 ENV501 Arid Environment and Desert Meteorology 3 3 0 0
2 ENV502 Environmental Biotechnology 3 3 0 0
3 ENV503 Environmental Toxicology 3 3 0 0
4 ENV504* Environmental Laboratory-III 3 0 0 3
5 ENV505* Internship/Skill enhancement 3 0 1 2
6 ENV506 Discipline Elective / MOOCs 3 3 0 0
7 ENV5XX Ex-Discipline Elective 3 3 0 0
Total Credits 21
Semester IV/X
S. No. Course Code Course Name Credit
1 ENV507* Major Dissertation 18
2 ENV5XX Ex-Discipline Elective / MOOCs 3
Total Credits 21
Total: 84 Credits
Note:
1. A minimum of 5 students are required to run elective courses.
2. Ex-discipline electives can be selected from any department of the university.
3. MOOCs can be selected in consultation with the department.
4. Students are required to take at least one MOOC course in a year.
5. For laboratory courses 1 credit = 2 hours.
* Skill Enhancement/Ability Enhancement courses

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 Elective Courses I *
S. No. Course Code Course Name Credit L T P
1 ENV431 Soil Science 3 2 1 0
2 ENV432 Agrometeorology 3 3 0 0
3 ENV433 Water and Wastewater Treatment 3 2 1
4 ENV434 Environmental Legislation 3 3 0 0
5 ENV435 Energy and Environment 3 2 1 0
6 ENV436 Forest Ecology and Management 3 2 1 0
7 ENV437 Sustainable Agriculture and 3 2 1 0
Environmental Practices
Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) 3 3 0 0

Elective Courses II**

S. No. Course Code Course Name Credit L T P

1 ENV531 Geo-informatics for Forest Management 3 2 0 1
2 ENV532 Occupational Hazards 3 2 1 0
3 ENV533 Aquatic and Chemical Ecology 3 2 1 0
4 ENV534 Glaciology and Glacial Processes 3 3 0 0
5 ENV535 Environmental Stress on Vegetation 3 2 0 1
6 ENV536 Carbon Capture and Sequestration 3 2 1 0
Technology
Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) 3 3 0 0

*These courses will be opened for students of VII /I and VIII/II semester
** These courses will be opened for students of IX/III and X//IV semester

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Instructions to the students regarding MOOCs

1. The courses are circulated on the website https://swayam.gov.in in the month of June and November
every year for the forthcoming semester.

2. Every student has to pass a selected MOOC course within the stipulated time period. The passing of a
MOOC course is mandatory for the fulfillment of the award of the degree.

3. A student has to register for the course for which he/she is interested and eligible which is approved
by the department with the help of course coordinator.

4. The student must read all the instructions for the selected course on the website, get updated with all
key dates of the concerned course and must inform his/her progress to their course coordinator.

5. The students should note that there will be a weightage of Assessment/quiz etc. and final examination
appropriately as mentioned in the instructions for a particular course.

6. A student must claim the credits earned in the MOOC course in his/her mark sheet in the examination
branch by forwarding his/her application through the Head of the Department.

7. The student may contact the MOOCs coordinator of the department for any further clarification.

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ENV401: Fundamentals of Ecology (3 Credits)
Program: Environmental Science Integrated M.Sc. (5 years) & M.Sc. (2 years)
SEMESTER VII & I
Course: Fundamentals of Ecology
Course TEACHING EXAMINATION SCHEME CREDITS
status SCHEME ALLOTTED
Core Theory: Internal Assessment: 40 Marks Theory: 03
3 hours/week End of Semester: 60 Marks
Course Pre-requisite: Student should have basic knowledge of Biology and Environmental Science.

COURSE 1. Impart knowledge on the different ecological concepts and disciplines of

OBJECTIVES ecology
2. Understand the ecosystem, population and community ecology and its
relevance for the environmental segments and factors.
3. Understand the interactions of organisms and their
environments and, the consequences of these interactions for population,
community, and ecosystems’ functional dynamics.
4. Apply the fundamentals of ecology for forming the foundation of
ecological theories.
COURSE By the end of the course, students will be able to:
OUTCOMES (CO) CO1. Raise an awareness about the living organisms and their interaction
with the environment
CO2. Understand ecological concepts and major disciplines of ecology
CO3. Build central ideas behind the ecology of individuals, populations,
communities and ecosystems
CO4. Develop critical thinking through scientific evidences to understand
ecological patterns, processes and ecological problems
CO5. Apply the basic knowledge in ecological assessment and research.
CO6. Get the opportunities of employment in the sector of Ecology and
ecological monitoring
COURSE CONTENT Hours
UNIT I 7
Definition, principles, and scope of Ecology and environment. Abiotic factors: physico-
chemical factors, Light, Temperature, pH, Salinity, Physiography, Fire, Nutrients.

UNIT II 8
Biological factors in the environment and their effects on the living world. Interaction
of factors and components of the environment, Laws of limiting factors- Liebig’s law
of tolerance. Negative and Positive interactions between individuals, species and
communities with examples.
UNIT III 8
Concept of strain, ecotypes, species, population and community. Characteristics and
parameters to understand populations. Lotka-Volterra model,
Metapopulations, niche concept, r and K selection theory. Ecological niche, keystone
species, dominant species, invasive species, ecotone and edge effect.
UNIT IV 7
Community organization- analytical characters, synthetic characters, C-S-R Model,
Species diversity and measurement of diversity. Community dynamics- Models of
succession. McArthur Hypothesis of ecosystem stability. Genecology and range
extensions.

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 UNIT V 7
The ecosystem concept, abiotic and biotic components. Structure and functions of
ecosystems. Solar energy input in an ecosystem, Ecosystem metabolism. Energy Flow
models in an ecosystem.
UNIT VI 8
Primary and secondary production, measuring primary production, the efficiency of
econdary production and co-existence. Concept of food chain & food webs, Biomes of
the world and microbiome. Biogeochemical cycles (C, N, P, S etc.).
ASSESSMENT
PART A Internal UNIT- I, II 20% (Written Test)
Assessment-I
Internal UNIT- III, IV 20% (Marks in any mode: Assignment
Assessment-II Presentation, Quiz)

PART B End of Semester UNIT- I-VI 60% (Written Test)

Examination
SUGGESTED READINGS
Text Books:
1. Odum, E. P. (1991). Fundamentals of Ecology, W. B. Saunders, USA. Indian Reprint 1996
Natraj Publishers, Dehradun.
2. Sharma, P.D. (2015). Ecology and Environment. Rastogi Publications.
3. Singh, J.S., Singh, S.P. & Gupta S.R.(2014). Ecology, Environmental Science & Conservation, S
Chand & Company Limited, Delhi.

Reference Books:
1. Krebs, C. J. (2008). The Ecological World View. CSIRO Publishing. Callingwood, Australia.
2. Daniel, B. B. & Edward, A.K. (2007). Environmental Science: Earth as a Living Planet. 6th ed.
John Wiley & Sons, USA.
3. Odum, E.P. (1997). Ecology: A Bridge between Science and Society. Sinauer Associates, Inc.,
USA.

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ENV402: Environmental Chemistry (3 Credits)
Program: Environmental Science Integrated M.Sc. (5 years) & M.Sc. (2 years)
SEMESTER VII & I
Course: Environmental Chemistry
Course TEACHING EXAMINATION SCHEME CREDITS ALLOTTED
status SCHEME
Core Theory: 3 Internal Assessment: 40 Marks Theory: 03
hours/week End Semester Exam: 60 Marks
Course Pre-requisite: Student should have basic knowledge of chemistry.

COURSE 1. Understand the role of chemistry in environmental science.

OBJECTIVES 2. Gain a clear concept of different chemical phenomena occurring in
various environmental matrices i.e. air, water, and soil.
3. Explain the theoretical basis and observational methods for the
study of chemical species present in the environment
4. Understand the interactions of varied spheres of environment
COURSE By the end of the course, the student will be able to:
OUTCOMES (CO) CO1. Understand the interconnections between environmental matrices
CO2. Apply fundamental concepts of chemistry to analyze chemical
processes underlying the operation of the natural environment.
CO3. Explain how chemical theories are applied to understand global
processes and environmental issues.
CO4. Gain familiarity with processes affecting the sources and fate of
environmental contaminants.
CO5. Characterize the types of toxic chemicals present in environment
CO6. Understand the effect of human activities on the natural chemical
processes.
COURSE CONTENT Hours
UNIT I 5
Introduction to Environmental Chemistry; Environmental segments-Atmosphere,
Hydrosphere, Lithosphere, Biosphere; Interaction between different environmental
spheres
UNIT II 10
Structure and composition of the atmosphere; Tropospheric chemistry - Photochemical
reactions, Hydrocarbons, Oxides of sulphur and nitrogen, Smog, Surface ozone,
Halogens, Aerosols; Acid rain; Global warming and greenhouse effect; Stratospheric
chemistry - Ozone formation and destruction; Polar stratospheric clouds.

UNIT III 10
Water quality parameters; Characteristics of water bodies; Major aquatic chemical
reactions - Carbonate system, Alkalinity and acidity, Metal ions in water, Oxidation-
reduction reactions, Complexation, and chelation; Dissolved gases; Water interaction
with other phases.

UNIT IV 10
Soil formation; Soil properties; Soil minerals; Soil organic matter; Soil water; Soil
aeration; Soil pH and buffer capacity; Soil acidity and alkalinity; Soil colloids; Ion-
exchange processes; Soil Nutrients.
UNIT V 5
Toxic organic and inorganic chemicals of environmental concern; sources, transport
processes and receptors

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UNIT VI 5
Anthrosphere: Components; Integration in total environment and influence on other
environmental spheres; Green chemistry
ASSESSMENT
PART A Internal UNIT- I,II 20% (Written Test)
Assessment-I
Internal UNIT- II,III 20% (Marks in any mode: Assignment
Assessment-II Presentation, Quiz)
PART B End Semester UNIT- I-VI 60% (Written Test)
Examination
SUGGESTED READINGS
Text Books:
1. Stanley, M. E. (2011). Fundamentals of environmental chemistry. CRC press.
2. Baird C. & Cann, M.(2008). Environmental Chemistry. W.H. Freeman and Company.
3. De, A.K. (2000). Environmental Chemistry, New Age International (P) Ltd. Publishers, New
Delhi.

Reference Books:
1. Macalady, D.L. (1999). Perspectives In Environmental Chemistry, J. Chem. Educ.
2. Yen, T.F. (1998). Environmental Chemistry: Essentials of chemistry for Engineering
Practice, Prentice Hall.
3. vanLoon, G.W. & Duffy, S.J.(2017). Environmental Chemistry: A Global Perspective, 4th
Edition, Oxford.

e-Resources:
https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Environmental_Chemistry
https://www.uvm.edu/~gpetrucc/courses/chem196/Textbooks/
https://geo.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Soil_Science

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ENV403: Instrumentation for Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (3 Credits)
Program: Environmental Science Integrated M.Sc. (5 years) & M.Sc. (2 years)
SEMESTER VII & I
Course: Instrumentation for Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
Course TEACHING EXAMINATION SCHEME CREDITS ALLOTTED
status SCHEME
Core Theory: Internal Assessment: 40 Marks Theory: 03
3 hours/week End Semester Exam: 60 Marks
Course Pre-requisite: Students will have basic knowledge of biology and chemistry.

COURSE 1.
Develop an understanding of the principles of sampling, chemical
OBJECTIVES analysis, and instrumentation which is more important than knowing
‘specific how’.
2. Introduce the students with the basic aspects of the environmental
chemical data collection process, such as systematic planning, sensible
field procedures, solid analytical chemistry.
3. Evaluation of data quality in the context of their intended use.
4. Expose students to the fundamental instrumental techniques that are
part of environmental projects.
COURSE By the end of the course, students will be able to:
OUTCOMES (CO) CO1. Develop a comprehensive detailed procedure for common field
sampling tasks, and practical tips for all project tasks.
CO2. Learn the effective role of obtaining data of scientifically
reliable and legally defensible nature by exercising good
laboratory practices.
CO3. Recognize the environmental data acquisition and be able to
obtain data of intended quality.
CO4. Comprehend the basics of various instrumentation techniques
related to electroanalytical and potentiometric applications in
environmental analysis.
CO5. Know the basics of various instrumentation techniques related
to spectrophotometry and application.
CO6. Understand chromatography and its application in
environmental analysis.
COURSE CONTENT Hours
UNIT I 7
Fundamentals of environmental sampling and analysis, environmental sampling design
for air, water and soil matrices.
UNIT II 7
Environmental sampling technique, fundamentals of sample preparation for
environmental analysis, good laboratory practices.
UNIT III 7
Environmental data acquisition, quality assurance/quality control of environmental
analysis, Environmental data analysis, concept of uncertainty and error estimation
UNIT IV 8
Electrochemical methods for environmental analysis, Principles of electroanalytical
methods, potentiometric applications in environmental analysis
UNIT V 8
Principles of Spectroscopy, UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Infrared Spectroscopy, Practical
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Aspects of UV-Visible and Infrared Spectrometry; Principles of Atomic Spectroscopy,
Instruments for Atomic Spectroscopy, Selection of the Proper Atomic Spectroscopic
Techniques.
UNIT VI 8
Principles of electroanalytical methods; Potentiometric applications in environmental
analysis, Ion Selective Electrodes; Instruments of chromatographic methods, common
detectors for chromatography, applications of chromatographic methods in environmental
analysis
ASSESSMENT
PART A Internal UNIT-I, II 20% (Written Test)
Assessment-I
Internal UNIT-III, IV 20% (Marks in any mode: Assignment
Assessment-II Presentation, Quiz)
PART B End Semester UNIT, I - VI 60% (Written Test)
Examination
SUGGESTED READINGS
Text Books:
1. Reeve, R.(2002). Introduction to Environmental Analysis. John Willey & Sons.
2. Skoog, D. A., Holler, F.J., &Crouch, S.R. (2006) Principles of Instrumental Analysis,
Brooks Cole.
3. Chatwal, G. R., & Anand, S. K. (2007). Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis,
Himalaya Publishing House, Delhi.

Reference Books
1. Keith, L. H. (2017). Environmental sampling and analysis: a practical guide. Routledge.
2. Csuros, M. (2018). Environmental sampling and analysis: lab manual. Routledge.

e-Resources
https://cpcb.nic.in/displaypdf.php?id=c291cmNlYXBwb3J0aW9ubWVudHN0dWRpZXMucG
Rm
https://cpcb.nic.in/manual-monitoring/

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ENV404: Environmental Pollution (3 Credits)
Program: Environmental Science Integrated M.Sc. (5 years) & M.Sc. (2 years)
SEMESTER VII & I
Course: Environmental Pollution
Course TEACHING EXAMINATION SCHEME CREDITS ALLOTTED
status SCHEME
Core Theory: Internal Assessment: 40 Marks Theory: 03
3 hours/week End Semester Exam: 60 Marks
Course Pre-requisite: Students should have basic knowledge of science.

COURSE 1. Understand air pollution, types and sources of air pollutants, including
OBJECTIVES various impacts on the environment and human health
2. Provide a thorough concept on factors affecting water quality, major
water pollutants, global water crisis, and treatment of wastewater
3. Enable students to understand types of soil, impact of industrialization
and urbanization on soil quality and control measures
4. Understand present environmental pollutions and impacts at national
and international conventions. In addition, knowledge of various control
measures adopted for the abatement of pollution.
COURSE By the end of the course, students will be able to:
OUTCOMES (CO) CO1. Understand the concept of pollution and its impacts on humans,
society and the environment
CO2 Link air pollution, types and sources of air pollutants with various
impacts on the environment and human health
CO3 Gain familiarity with meteorological implications on the dispersion of
air pollution and reasons for conversion from local to global scale
CO4 Learn about water pollution, sources, causes and its effect on humans
and the environment
CO5 Recognize soil pollution, sources, its consequences, and mitigating
measures
CO6 Understand solid waste classification, its sources and methods of
disposal
COURSE CONTENT Hours

Unit I 6
Definition and Types of pollution, General discussion on the pollution perception,
Causes and Sources of Pollution, Effect of pollution on the global, regional and local
scale; Impacts of pollution on human health and environment;
Unit II 7
Primary and Secondary Pollutants, Automobile Pollution, Industrial Pollution, Ambient
Air Quality Standards and indices; Effect of pollution on the global, regional and local scale

Unit III 10
Meteorological parameters (temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction,
precipitation); meteorological aspects of air pollution- Temperature profiles in the
atmosphere, Lapse rate, stability and mixing heights, temperature inversion, wind
profiles, turbulent diffusion, topographic effects, Plume behaviour, dispersion of air
pollutants, Gaussian plume model, line source model and area source model

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Unit IV 8
Point and Non-point sources of pollution, significant water pollutants, Water Quality
requirements for different uses; Water quality standards Indian standards for drinking
water, Drinking water treatment, Wastewater Treatment, global water crisis Issues,
effects of water pollution and its control
Unit V 7
Soil composition, Classification of soil types, Causes of soil degradation, Urbanization
and land degradation; Impact of Modern Agricultural Practices on Soil, Effect on
Environment and Life sustenance; Abatement measures, Effects and Control measures
Unit VI 7
Solid waste Classification, Sources of Solid waste, Different methods of Disposal,
Control methods- incineration, landfill, the effect of urban and industrial solid waste on
the environment
ASSESSMENT
PART A Internal UNIT- I, II 20% (Written Test)
Assessment-I
Internal UNIT- III, IV 20% (Marks in any mode: Test/Assignment
Assessment-II Presentation, Quiz)
PART B End Semester UNIT - I -VI 60% (Written Test)
Examination
SUGGESTED READINGS
Text Books
1. Reddy, M.A. (2010). Textbook of Environmental Science and Technology, BS Publications.
2. Wright, R. T. (2008). Environmental Science- Towards a sustainable future, PHI Learning, New
Delhi.
3. De, A.K. (2000). Environmental Chemistry, New Age International (P) Ltd. Publishers, New
Delhi.

Reference Books
1. Peirce, J.J., Vesilind, J.J., & Weiner, R. (1997). Environmental Pollution and Control, 4th
Edition, Publisher Butterworth-Heinemann.
2. Pepper, I., Gerba, C., & Brusseau, G. (2006). Environmental and Pollution Science, 2nd
Edition, Academic Press.
3. Rao, C.S. (2018). Environmental Pollution Control Engineering, 3rd Edition, New Age
International Publishers.

e-resources
https://archive.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/tar/wg2/index.php?idp=356
https://wcedeportal.co.za/eresource/71131
http://osou.ac.in/eresources/Air%20pollution.pdf

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ENV405: Biodiversity and Wildlife Conservation (3 Credits)
Program: Environmental Science Integrated M.Sc. (5 years) & M.Sc. (2 years)
SEMESTER VII & I
Course: Biodiversity and Wildlife Conservation
Course TEACHING EXAMINATION SCHEME CREDITS ALLOTTED
status SCHEME
Core Theory: Internal Assessment: 40 Marks Theory: 03
3 hours/week End of Semester: 60 Marks
Course Pre-requisite: Students should have basic knowledge of Biology.
COURSE 1. Impart knowledge to become part of professional organizations
OBJECTIVES working in the field of conservation and environmental protection.
2. Generate a skilled postgraduate who can research in the field of
Biodiversity, Wildlife biology, and nature conservation.
3. Provide an alternate avenue for students to specialize as
“environmental entrepreneurs” in areas such as environmental audits,
Environmental Education, Ecotourism, etc.
4. Develop critical and analytical thinking for decision-making in
biodiversity and wildlife management.
COURSE By the end of the course, the student will be able to:
OUTCOMES (CO) CO1. Raising awareness about the biodiversity and their conservation
with in environment.
CO2. Enhance the understanding of wildlife conservation and human
conflicts.
CO3. Build central ideas behind the conservation of biodiversity and
wildlife populations, communities and ecosystems.
CO4. Develop of critical thinking through scientific evidences to
understand biodiversity and wildlife patterns.
CO5. Apply the basic knowledge in ecosystem assessment, management
and research.
CO6. Get the opportunities of employment in the sector of ecological
management.
COURSE CONTENT Hours
UNIT I 7.5
Biodiversity - Concept and definition, Causes of Biodiversity, Values of Biodiversity, Threats to
Biodiversity, Taxonomy and the future of Plant Diversity, Species Diversity and Conservation,
Ecosystem concept, Landscape heterogeneity, Restoration Ecology, Protected Areas and
management.
UNIT II 7.5
Biodiversity Conservation and Climate Change - Introduction to Conservation, Importance of
conservation, Conservation challenges in the Twenty first century, Evaluation of priorities for
conservation of habitats and species, Climate and Climate Change, Global Biological Impacts of
Climate Change, Conservation Planning and Climate Change, Geo-informatics and Biodiversity
Assessment, Ecosystems and Wetlands.
UNIT III 7.5
Introduction and History of Wildlife Conservation, Global as well as Indian Prospective, Values
and Ethics in Wildlife Conservation, Habitat Ecology, Field Techniques, Wildlife Behavior, Avian
ecology, Sampling designs for population estimation, Current issues in wildlife conservation with
case studies.

Page 14 of 64
UNIT IV 7.5
Biodiversity Conservation, Human Society and Ethics, Humans and sustainability, Economics and
biodiversity, Biodiversity and Human Health, Biodiversity and Traditional Health Systems.
UNIT V 7.5
Conservation Policies and Law, Protection of Forest and Wildlife, Biodiversity and Patent, Laws
Concerning Forest, Wildlife and People, International Law and Constitutional Frame for
Conservation Policies, Biostatistics.
UNIT VI 7.5
Climate change mitigation & adaptation, Basic concepts and mechanisms, Climate Change Policy-
Mitigation, Climate Change Policy-Adaptation, International response, Linking biodiversity,
environment and human being, Ethical issues related to biodiversity and environment, Corporate
Social Responsibility, Sustainable Ecotourism.
ASSESSMENT
PART A Internal UNIT- I, II 20% (Written Test)
Assessment-I
Internal UNIT- III, IV 20% (Marks in any mode: Assignment
Assessment-II Presentation, Quiz)

PART B End of Semester UNIT- I-V 60% (Written Test)

Examination
SUGGESTED READINGS
Text Books:
1. Dyke, F.V. (2008). Conservation Biology Foundations, Concepts, Applications, 2nd Edition.
Springer.
2. Singh, G. (2008). Plant Systematics: Theory and Practice. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co.
Pvt. Ltd.
3. Primack, R. (2014). Essentials of Conservation Biology, 6th Edition. Sinauer Associates,
Inc., USA
4. Groom, M. J., Meffe, G. R. & Carroll, C. R. (2006). Principles of conservation biology.
Sinauer associates, Inc., USA.

Reference Books:
1. Stuart, C., Spalding, M. & Jenkins, M. (2008). The world’s Protected Areas: Status, Values
and prospects in 21st century.
2. Chivian, E. & Bernstein, A. (2008). Sustaining life: How human health depends on
biodiversity. Oxford University Press.
3. Narendran, T. C. (2006). An Introduction to Taxonomy. Zoological Survey of India,
Kolkata.

Page 15 of 64
EVS 406: Environmental Laboratory-I (3 Credits)
Program: Environmental Science Integrated M.Sc. (5 years) & M.Sc. (2 years)
SEMESTER VII & I
Course: Environmental Laboratory-I
Course TEACHING EXAMINATION SCHEME CREDITS ALLOTTED
status SCHEME
Core Practical: End of Semester: 100 Marks Practical: 03
6 hours/week
Course Pre-requisite: Student should have basic knowledge of Environmental Science.

COURSE 1. Provide a basic foundation of knowledge on the implication of

OBJECTIVES environmental monitoring and ecology in the laboratory.
2. Giving hands-on experience to conduct the laboratory practical with
precision.
3. Understanding the practical aspects of ecology, and analysis of soil,
water, and air samples.
4. Learn practical methods for analysis of environmental samples.
COURSE By the end of the course, the student will be able to:
OUTCOMES (CO) CO1. Develop analytical abilities for environmental and ecological analysis
parts of laboratories in higher studies, professional bodies and research
institutes.
CO2. Understand the appropriate methods and principle behind the practical
protocols.
CO3. Learn sampling methods and analysis of soil, air and water samples.
CO4. Optimize and choose appropriate methods for environmental analysis.
CO5. Conclude the results and prepare scientific reports/ practical record
books.
CO6. Connect knowledge of theoretical courses with the practical
implications.
COURSE CONTENT Hours
UNIT I 7
Determination of abundance, dominance and frequency of a grassland ecosystem;
Determination of diversity index of aquatic ponds and terrestrial ecosystem
UNIT II 8
Understanding the community & population structure in addition to succession phenomena
in the field; Determination of primary productivity of any ecosystem.
UNIT III 7
Air analysis: Oxides of Nitrogen, Ozone and Sulphur, SPM and RSPM
UNIT IV 8
Water analysis: pH, Electrical Conductivity, Turbidity, Total Suspended Solids, Total
Dissolved Solids, Dissolved Oxygen, Acidity and Alkalinity
UNIT V 7
Soil analysis: Moisture content, Organic carbon, Organic matter, Water holding capacity,
Particle size analysis; Bulk density; Loss-on ignition
UNIT VI 8
Know-how and demonstration of instruments, calibration and standard curves for
spectrophotometry and chromatography. Visiting the analytical instrumentation facility
e.g. AAQMS and Meteorological laboratory.
ASSESSMENT
End of Semester Examination UNIT- I-VI 100% (Practical Exam + Viva Voce)

Page 16 of 64
SUGGESTED READINGS
Reference Books:
1. Handerson, P. A. (2009). Practical Methods in Ecology. Wiley Publishers
2. Lodge, J. P. (2020). Methods of Air Sampling and Analysis. 3rd Edition CRC Press.
3. Page, A. L. (1983). Methods of soil analysis. American Society of Agronomy, Inc. Soil Science
Society of America, Inc. Publisher.
4. APHA (2017). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wasterwater, 23rd Edition
APHA Press.

Page 17 of 64
ENV407: Environmental Geoscience (3 Credits)
Program: Environmental Science Integrated M.Sc. (5 years) & M.Sc. (2 years)
SEMESTER VIII & II
Course: Environmental Geoscience
Course TEACHING EXAMINATION SCHEME CREDITS ALLOTTED
status SCHEME
Core Theory: Internal Assessment: 40 Marks Theory: 03
3 hours/week End Semester Exam: 60 Marks
Course Pre-requisite: Student should have basic knowledge of science.
COURSE 1. Understand fundamentals of geoscience and the evolution of earth
OBJECTIVES and its interiors
2. Understand the geological processes and related hazards, geological
division, physical geology of India
3. Understand primary mineralogy and mining processes
4. Understand the impacts of mining on the environment and human
health
COURSE By the end of the course, the student will be able to:
OUTCOMES (CO) CO1. Understand the fundamentals of geoscience and evolution of earth
and its interiors
CO2. Gain knowledge about the geological division and physical
geology of India
CO3. Learn the mechanism of surface process and their agents like
weathering, erosion, transportation, etc.
CO4. Link geological processes and related hazards like earthquakes,
landslides, avalanches, GLOF, etc.
CO5. Understand the concepts of groundwater processes and
groundwater flow mechanism
CO6. Gain basic understanding of mineralogy and mining processes
and impacts of mining on environment and human health
COURSE CONTENT Hours
UNIT I 7
Introduction of earth and its position in the solar system, the evolution of the earth
through ages, Earth's Interiors with the details of layers (core, mental, and crust); Earth
systems, Physical features of the earth,
UNIT II 7
Geological division of India, Northern mountains and northern plains, Peninsular
plateau, coastal plains and islands
UNIT III 5
Surface processes and their agents: Weathering, erosion, transportation. Principles of
geomorphology and landforms related to aeolian, fluvial, glacial, and lacustrine
processes.
UNIT IV 9
Volcanoes, Plate Tectonics, Earthquake, Tsunami, Landslide, Mass wasting,
Mudflow, Avalanches, Glacier outburst Flood (GLOF)
UNIT V 10
Water Cycle and Terminology, Classification of aquifers and confining layers,
hydraulic properties of aquifers, saturated zone, water table and piezometric surface,
Hydraulic conductivity, Groundwater movement and topography, Groundwater flow,

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 cone of depression and Groundwater Recharge
UNIT VI 7
Rocks types and classification - Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic; Minerals and Coal,
Mining, Tunnelling, Exploration and Exploitation; Mining related environmental
concerns
ASSESSMENT
PART A Internal UNIT- I, II 20% (Written Test)
Assessment-I
Internal UNIT- III, 20% (Marks in any mode: Assignment Presentation,
Assessment-II IV Quiz)

PART B End Semester UNIT - I- 60% (Written Test)

Examination VI
SUGGESTED READINGS
Text Books:
1. Johnson, C., Matthew, D., Affolter, P.I., & Mosher, C. (2017). An Introduction to
Geology. Salt Lake Community College.
2. William L. (2012). Fundamentals of Geophysics. Cambridge university Press.
3. Mahapatra G. B. (2019). A Textbook of Geology.

Reference Books:
1. Grotzinger, J., & Thomas, H.J. (2007). Understanding the Earth, 5th Edition. FRANK
PRESS and RAYMOND SIEVER, , W. H. Freeman& Co.
2. Monroe, J.S. & R. Wicander (2001). Physical Geology, 4th edition. Brooks/Cole Pacific
Grove CA, 2001
3. Keller, E.A. (2007). Introduction to Environmental Geology, 4th Edition. Prentice Hall of
India.
e-resources
https://groundwater.ucdavis.edu/files/156562.pdf
https://opengeology.org/textbook

Page 19 of 64
ENV408: Air and Water Quality Management (3 Credits)
Program: Environmental Science Integrated M.Sc. (5 years) & M.Sc. (2 years)
SEMESTER VIII & II
Course: Air and Water Quality Management
Course TEACHING EXAMINATION SCHEME CREDITS ALLOTTED
status SCHEME
Core Theory: Internal Assessment: 40 Marks Theory: 03
3hours/week End Semester Exam: 60 Marks
Course Pre-requisite: Student should have basic knowledge of biology and chemistry.

COURSE 1. Train the students about the determination of the air and water
OBJECTIVES quality parameters.
2. Understand the environmental objectives for maintaining air and
water quality standards.
3. Understand the complete procedure for getting ISO certification for
achieving environment and quality standards.
4. Learn about quality control standardizing bodies for management
of air and water quality.
COURSE By the end of the course, the student will be able to:
OUTCOMES (CO) CO1. Understand the atmosphere and hydrosphere.
CO2. Evaluate various physicochemical and biological parameters of
air and water quality.
CO3. Learn about various quality control standardizing bodies for
management of air and water quality.
CO4. Assess the validity and limitations of air and water quality
parameters.
CO5. Know about various treatment technologies for air and water
quality.
CO6. Identify potential sources of pollution of air and water matrices.
COURSE CONTENT Hours
UNIT I 7
Concept of atmosphere and hydrosphere; Criteria air pollutants, air quality standards,
National Ambient Air Quality Standards; Water quality standards; Fundamentals of
air and water pollutants transport dynamics.
UNIT II 8
Pollutant fate and transport, air quality surveillance network; Indoor air pollution and
its quality management; Prediction and assessment of impacts on the air environment:
Basic information on air quality issues.
UNIT III 8
Water quality standards (physical, chemical, microbiological, radiological); Water
quality modeling; Emerging pollutants in water; Pollutant fate and transport.
UNIT IV 7
Current scenario of air and water pollution effects; factors affecting the assessment
of pollution; Air Quality models - Gaussian convection-diffusion model for point,
line and areal sources.
UNIT V 7

Page 20 of 64
Air (pollution and control of Prevention) Act, Clean Water (pollution and control of
Prevention) Act, Briefs about CPCB, BIS, ISO, USEPA, WHO, ISO 9000, 14000,
Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP).
UNIT VI 8
Air quality control measures, control of specific gaseous pollutants. water quality
assurance, advanced water treatment techniques, control of emerging pollutants,
analytical techniques.
ASSESSMENT
PART A Internal UNIT-I, II 20% (Written Test)
Assessment-I
Internal UNIT-III, IV 20% (Marks in any mode: Assignment
Assessment-II Presentation, Quiz)
PART B End Semester UNIT, I-VI 60% (Written Test)
Examination
SUGGESTED READINGS
Text Books:
1. Baird, C., & Cann, M. (2008). Environmental Chemistry. W.H. Freeman and Company.
2. Reeve, R. (2002). Introduction to Environmental Analysis. John Willey & Sons.
3. Skoog, D. A., Holler, F.J., & Crouch, S.R. (2006). Principles of Instrumental
Analysis. Brooks Cole.
4. De, A.K.(2000). Environmental Chemistry, New Age International, New Delhi.

Reference Books
1. Keith, L. H. (2017). Environmental sampling and analysis: a practical guide. Routledge.
2. Csuros, M. (2018). Environmental sampling and analysis: lab manual. Routledge.
3. Chatwal, G. R., & Anand, S. K. (2007). Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis,
Himalaya Publishing House, Delhi.

e-Resources
https://cpcb.nic.in/displaypdf.php?id=c291cmNlYXBwb3J0aW9ubWVudHN0dWRpZXMuc
GRm
https://cpcb.nic.in/manual-monitoring/

Page 21 of 64
ENV409: Remote Sensing and GIS (3 Credits)
Program: Environmental Science Integrated M.Sc. (5 years) & M.Sc. (2 years)
SEMESTER VIII & II
Course: Air and Water Quality Management
Course TEACHING EXAMINATION SCHEME CREDITS ALLOTTED
status SCHEME
Core Theory: Internal Assessment: 40 Marks Theory: 03
3hours/week End Semester Exam: 60 Marks
Course Pre-requisite: Students should have basic knowledge of computer/ software.

COURSE 1. Train the students in practical and executable solutions to the

OBJECTIVES challenges of the emergent field of Remote Sensing and GIS.
2. Impart the students with a strong base of knowledge that makes them
suitable both for industries, teaching, and research.
3. Apply the fundamental principles for a successful profession and/or for
higher technical education based on mathematical, scientific and
engineering principles, to solve realistic and field problems that arise
in engineering and non-engineering sectors.
4. Students will be installed with ethical feeling, encouraged to make
decisions that are safe and environmentally-responsible and also
innovative for societal improvement.
COURSE By the end of the course, the student will be able to:
OUTCOMES (CO) CO1. Carry out research/developmental work to solve real-world
geospatial problems.
CO2. Identify specific data and methodologies for effective mapping and
evaluation of natural resources.
CO3. Illustrate spatial and non-spatial data features in GIS and understand
the map projections and coordinates systems
CO4. Design systems for decision making and work in a team using
geospatial tools to achieve project objectives.
CO5. An ability to share theoretical and practical knowledge in both
teaching and research as well as in industries.
CO6. Apply knowledge of GIS and understand the integration of
Remote Sensing and GIS.
COURSE CONTENT Hours
UNIT I 7
Remote Sensing Concepts, Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR), Atmospheric
Windows, Spectral Signatures, Resolutions, Platforms, Satellites, Sensors, and
Specifications
UNIT II 7
Digital Image Processing System, Image Enhancement, Transformation and Image
Classifications, Image Interpretations (Optical, Thermal & Radar)
UNIT III 8
Components of GIS, Spatial vs. Non-Spatial Data, Coordinate System, Map Projections,
Spatial Data Quarries, Data Formats, Raster & Vector Data Models (Topology, Grid,
TIN, Network), Data Input & Geo-Corrections, Spatial Interpolations, Buffering, Overlay
Analysis, Terrain Mapping-DEM/DTM.

Page 22 of 64
UNIT IV 7
GPS-An Overview, Positioning, System Segmentation, Augmentation, DGPS, &
GNSS/IRNSS Applications.
UNIT V 8
Geospatial Applications, Application of RS & GIS in Monitoring and Management of
Natural Resources: Forest, Agriculture, Water, Urban, Ocean, Coastal. Concept of
Health GIS, E-Governance & Disaster Management
UNIT VI 8
Advances in Remote sensing: Thermal and Microwave Remote sensing, Sensor
Technology, Platforms and Data Types, Urban Heat Island, Hyperspectral and LASER
Remote sensing, Classification and Spectral Library Creation, Applications of
RADAR, Hyperspectral & LiDAR, Geospatial Modelling, UAV applications, Basics of
web GIS.
ASSESSMENT
PART A Internal UNIT-I, II 20% (Written Test)
Assessment-I
Internal UNIT-III, IV 20% (Marks in any mode: Assignment
Assessment-II Presentation, Quiz)
PART B End Semester UNIT, I-VI 60% (Written Test)
Examination
SUGGESTED READINGS
Text Books:
1. Burroughs, P. A. & Rachael, M. (1998). Principles of Geographical Information Systems‟
Oxford University Press, New York.
2. Jensen, J.R. (1996). Introductory Digital Image Processing, A remote sensing perspective.
Prentice Hall Series in GIS, USA.
3. Lillesand, T. M. & Kiefer, R. W. (2007). Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, 4th
Edition. John Wiley and Sons, New York.

Reference Books
1. Sabin, F.F. J. (2007). Remote Sensing – Principles and Interpretation”, W.H. Freeman &
Co.
2. Chang, K. (2007). Introduction to Geographic Information Systems, Tata McGraw Hill, New
Delhi.
3. Gopi, S. (2005). Global Positioning System: Principles and Applications. McGraw Hill
Publishers.

e-Resources
https://cpcb.nic.in/displaypdf.php?id=c291cmNlYXBwb3J0aW9ubWVudHN0dWRpZXMuc
GRm
https://cpcb.nic.in/manual-monitoring/

Page 23 of 64
ENV410: Environmental Impact Assessment and Management (3 Credits)
Program: Environmental Science Integrated M.Sc. (5 years) & M.Sc. (2 years)
SEMESTER VIII & II
Course: Environmental Impact Assessment and Management
Course TEACHING EXAMINATION SCHEME CREDITS ALLOTTED
status SCHEME
Core Theory: 3 Internal Assessment: 40 Marks Theory: 03
hours/week End Semester Exam: 60 Marks
Course Pre-requisite: Student should have basic knowledge of biology and chemistry.

COURSE 1. Explain the basic principles of environmental impact assessment

OBJECTIVES 2. Understand the different steps within environmental impact
assessment.
3. Discuss the implications of current jurisdictional and institutional
arrangements in relation to environmental impact assessment
4. Understand how to liaise with and the importance of stakeholders
in the EIA process
COURSE By the end of the course, the student will be able to:
OUTCOMES (CO) CO1. Know the basics of EIA and legal implications
CO2. Understand the strategic and organizational context of
environmental management in different settings and design and
deliver practical outcomes that contribute positively to
environmental performance.
CO3. Synthesize and prioritize information from desktop and field
environmental assessments, rank the relative values identified,
assess the risks imposed by the development, and determine
appropriate environmental management strategies.
CO4. Articulate and justify specific policies or courses of action on
complex environmental issues using discipline based
knowledge and established management principles.
CO5. Know the basic mechanisms of audits and audit procedures
CO6. Assess the methods of LCA and standardization including ISO
COURSE CONTENT Hours
UNIT I 7
Objectives and development of EIA. Benefits of EIA, Indian directions of EIA.
Rapid and comprehensive EIA perspectives. Sources and collection of data for EIA.
Unit II 8
Environmental Clearance Screening, Scoping, Purpose of scoping, Baseline
studies intrinsic and external database supports and interpretation; checklist,
matrices, Overlays and Geographical Information System, Impact analysis and
Predictions, Environmental Impact Statement [EIS]; EIA report.
Unit III 8
Environmental Management Systems (EMS), ISO 14000 (EMS). HACCP, Life
Cycle Analysis (LCA)
Unit IV 7
Components of Environmental Management System-Objectives, Policies,
Implementation and Review. Environmental appraisal, accounting and

Page 24 of 64
environmental audit
Unit V 8
Public Participation; Concept and significance of Public Hearing, Social impact
assessment (SIA), Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA), Case studies of
specific industries.
Unit VI 7
Post project analysis restoration and rehabilitation methodologies, Mitigation
criteria, Project modification, concept of COE & COO, Risk assessment.
ASSESSMENT
PART A Internal UNIT-I, II 20% (Written Test)
Assessment-I
Internal UNIT-III , IV 20% (Marks in any mode: Assignment
Assessment-II Presentation, Quiz)
PART B End Semester UNIT- I-VI 60% (Written Test)
Examination
SUGGESTED READINGS
Text Books
1. Anjaneyulu, Y. & Manickam, V. (2002).Environmental Impact
Assessment Methodologies. B.S. Publications.
2. Cutter, S. L. (1999). Environmental Risks and Hazards. Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
3. Glasson, J., Therivel, R. & Chadwick, A. (2006). Introduction to Environmental Impact
EIA. Routledge, London.
4. Rao, P. S. & Rao, P.M. (2000). Environmental Management and Audit. Deep and Deep
Publications.

Reference Books
1. Morgan, R. K. (2012). Environmental impact assessment: the state of the art. Impact
assessment and project appraisal, 30(1), 5-14.
2. Morris, P. & Therivel R. (2001). Methods of Environmental Impact Assessment. 2nd edition.
Spon Press London.

e-Resources
https://www.iisd.org/learning/eia/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/EIA-Manual.pdf

Page 25 of 64
ENV 411: Environmental Laboratory-II (3 Credits)
Program: Environmental Science Integrated M.Sc. (5 years) & M.Sc. (2 years)
SEMESTER VIII & II
Course: Environmental Laboratory
Course TEACHING EXAMINATION SCHEME CREDITS ALLOTTED
status SCHEME
Core Practical: Internal Assessment: 40 Marks Practical: 03
6 hours/week End Semester Exam: 60 Marks
Course Pre-requisite: Student should have basic knowledge of biology and chemistry.

COURSE 1. Understand the concept of sampling methods, ways to obtain

OBJECTIVES scientifically reliable data and data quality
2. Provide hands-on experience with the instruments which are used for
environmental sampling and analysis.
3. Perform qualitative and quantitative analysis of water and air quality
parameters.
4. Learn the interpretation of results for problem identification.
COURSE By the end of the course, the students will be able to
OUTCOMES (CO) CO1. Understand the basic principle behind the functioning of any
instrument
CO2. Critically evaluate and interpret experimental data and findings
and apply them for problem identification and quantification.
CO3. Understand the characteristic difference between the types of
samples and sampling sites.
CO4. Understand the role of critical factors responsible in the type of
sample
CO5. Assess the synoptic view of the study site
CO6. Understand application of different earth observation datasets
having varied resolutions
COURSE CONTENT Hours
Unit I 7
Sampling methods, physicochemical, biological parameters of water
Unit II 8
Analysis of DO, BOD, COD, MPN, Phosphate, Nitrate, fluoride, Heavy metals,
etc.) in water
Unit III Water quality assurance, advanced water treatment techniques, control of 7
emerging pollutants, analytical techniques.
Unit IV 7
Monitoring of air quality parameters (O3, SOx, NOx, NH3, SPM, RSPM) etc.
outdoor and indoor sampling of air, NAAQMS, principles, workings and
applications of High Volume Dust Sampler, Respirable Dust Sampler
Unit V 8
Introduction to Remote Sensing and GIS softwares, Geo-referencing, Mosaicing,
Fusion (Merging of high and low spatial and spectral resolution images), Image
Sub-setting, Digital Image Processing.
Unit VI 8
Preparation of Land Use/Land Cover Maps using visual and digital interpretation,
Image Classification Supervised Unsupervised, Vectorizing and different functions

Page 26 of 64
of vector data using open source GIS softwares.

ASSESSMENT
End Semester Examination UNIT- I-VI 100% (Practical Exam + Viva voce)

SUGGESTED READINGS
Reference Books
1. Eaton, A. D., Clesceri, L. S., Greenberg, A. E., & Franson, M. A. H. (2017). Standard methods
for the examination of water and wastewater. American public health association, 23, 1504.
2. Lawrence H. K. (2017). Environmental Sampling and Analysis: A Practical Guide 1st Edition.
3. Chaurasia, S., & Gupta, A.D. (2014). Handbook of water, air and soil analysis. International
E-publication, 123.
4. Maiti S. K. (2018). Handbook of Methods in Environmental Studies: Water and Waste Water
Analysis.
5. Gopi S. (2005). Global Positioning System: Principles and Applications. McGraw Hill
Publishers. 8.
6. Quattrochi, D. A., & Luvall, J. C. (Eds.). (2004). Thermal remote sensing in land surface
processing. CRC Press.
7. Borengasser, M., Hungate, W. S., & Watkins, R. (2007). Hyperspectral remote sensing:
principles and applications. CRC press.
8. Mitchell, A. (2012). The ESRI Guide to GIS Analysis, Volume 3: Modeming Suitability,
Movement, and Interaction. Redlands, CA, ESRI Press.

Page 27 of 64
ENV412: Minor Dissertation (3 Credits)
Program: Environmental Science Integrated M.Sc. (5 years) & M.Sc. (2 years)
SEMESTER VIII & II
Course: Minor Dissertation
Course TEACHING EXAMINATION SCHEME CREDITS ALLOTTED
status SCHEME
Core Practical: Internal Assessment: 40 Marks Practical: 03
6 hours/week End Semester Exam: 60 Marks
Course Pre-requisite: Student should have completed VII/I semester of Int. M.Sc./M.Sc.
programme.
COURSE 1. To develop ability in the students to apply some of the
OBJECTIVES techniques/principles have been taught.
2. The project must cover at least any one area suggested below:
a. Experimental Design
b. Environmental monitoring and Assessment
c. Analysis of environmental matrices
d. Industry oriented basic surveys/testing/analysis etc.
e. Problem solving using multi-disciplinary science
COURSE By the end of the course, the student will be able to:
OUTCOMES (CO) CO1.Practice acquired knowledge within the selected area of
science/technology for project development.
CO2. Identify, discuss and justify the technical aspects of the chosen
project with a comprehensive and systematic approach.
CO3. Reproduce, improve and refine scientific/technical aspects
CO4. Work as an individual or in a team in development of projects.
CO5. Communicate and report effectively project related activities and
findings.
CO6. Formulate and implement innovative ideas for social and
environmental benefits.
COURSE CONTENT Hours
This course envisages that a student will acquire the ability to use a wide range of 90 h
the skills learned during their course of study. A student is required to carry out
the project work related to Environmental Science, under the guidance of a
supervisor.
ASSESSMENT
End Semester Examination Project Report Submission, Presentation and Viva-Voce

Page 28 of 64
ENV501: Arid Environment and Desert Meteorology (3 Credits)
Program: Environmental Science Integrated M.Sc. (5 years) & M.Sc. (2 years)
SEMESTER IX & III
Course: Arid Environment and Desert Meteorology
Course TEACHING EXAMINATION SCHEME CREDITS ALLOTTED
status SCHEME
Core Theory: Internal Assessment: 40 Marks Theory: 03
3 hours/week End Semester Exam: 60 Marks
Course Pre-requisite: Student should have basic knowledge of biology and chemistry.

COURSE 1. Understand the process of genesis and dynamics of the desert and
OBJECTIVES its characteristics
2. Learn atmospheric and surface energy budgets in the desert
environment.
3. Learn severe weather conditions in the desert environment and the
ecological status of the arid area.
4. Learn the effects of deserts on the environment and humans.
COURSE By the end of the course, the student will be able to:
OUTCOMES (CO) CO1. Understand the concept of arid environment and its characteristics.
CO2. Understand the surface energy budget of the desert and its
implication on desertification.
CO3. Apply the concept of the severe weather conditions in the desert
and ecological status of arid area.
CO4. Gain familiarity with the ecological status of desert.
CO5. Identify the cause of desertification and control measures.
CO6. Assess the impact of the deserts on the environment and human
COURSE CONTENT Hours
UNIT I 8
Characteristics of desert and desert biomes;, causes of aridity, geomorphology, land
use and soil.
UNIT II 8
Dynamic feedback mechanisms- cause and sustaining deserts; Surface energy budget
of the desert; Inter-annual variability in aridity (drought).
UNIT III 8
Dust storms and sandstorms, monsoon patterns in deserts, rainstorms, floods, and
debris flows; desert severe weather.
UNIT IV 7
Desert microclimate, arid ecology concept and status; Ecology of arid zone in India.
UNIT V 7
Desertification, causes and effects, climate change and desertification.
UNIT VI 7
National and International policies and convention for combating desertification.
ASSESSMENT
PART A Internal UNIT-I ,II 20% (Written Test)
Assessment-I
Internal UNIT-III, IV 20% (Marks in any mode: Assignment Presentation,
Assessment-II Quiz)

Page 29 of 64
PART B End Semester UNIT- I-VI 60% (Written Test)
Examination
SUGGESTED READINGS
Text Books:
1. WARNER, T. T. (2004). Desert Meteorology. Cambridge university press, Cambridge, New
York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo

Reference Books
1. Nicholson, S.E. (2011). Dryland Climatology Publisher Cambridge University Press.
2. Sharma, A. K., & Tewari, J.C. (2009). Arid zone forestry with special reference to Indian
hot arid zone." Forests and Forests Plants. Eolss, Publishers Company, UK 90-130.

e-Resources
https://www.unccd.int/

Page 30 of 64
ENV502: Environmental Biotechnology (3 Credits)
Program: Environmental Science Integrated M.Sc. (5 years) & M.Sc. (2 years)
SEMESTER IX & III
Course: Environmental Biotechnology
Course TEACHING EXAMINATION SCHEME CREDITS ALLOTTED
status SCHEME
Core Theory: Internal Assessment: 40 Marks Theory: 03
3 hours/week End Semester Exam: 60 Marks
Course Pre-requisite: Student should have basic knowledge of biology and chemistry.
COURSE 1. Impart a working knowledge of the principles, techniques, and current
OBJECTIVES applications of biotechnology to environmental quality evaluation,
monitoring, remediation of contaminated environments and energy
production.
2. Understand the principles of bioremediation and phytoremediation of
synthetic organic pollutants and the basic physiology of a
microorganism during bioremediation studies.
3. Know various techniques to modify and augment microorganisms in
the laboratory and environment
4. Train the students about conservation of resources via recycling of
waste materials and recovery of valuable products such as metals
and oils.
COURSE By the end of the course, the student will be able to:
OUTCOMES (CO) CO1. Understand the basic principles of microbiology, genetics, and
biotechnology
CO2. Understand the basic microbial processes of environmental
engineering systems, natural/advanced environmental
biotechnologies.
CO3. Recognize and apply environmental biotechnology approaches in
treatment and disposal of organic wastes
CO4. Apply this knowledge in production of biomaterials /biofuels and
pollution control.
CO5. To understand basic mechanisms of bioremediation
CO6. To develop methods for improved biological processes
COURSE CONTENT Hours
UNIT I 8
Genetic material, structure, and function, recombinant DNA technology, genetically
engineered microorganisms (GEMs), PCR, Gel Electrophoresis, SDS-PAGE, Gene
Banks
Unit II 8
Bioremediation, phytoremediation, biosorption, an integrated treatment system for
biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,
pesticides and organic compounds, bio- transformation of heavy metals
Unit III 8
Enzyme Technology, bioreactors, batch and continuous reactors, and formulation of
bacterial and fungal enzymes, enzyme kinetics, purification, enzyme assisted
bioremediation
Unit IV 7

Page 31 of 64
Bioprocess optimization, OVAT (One Variable at a Time method), Design of
Experiments
Unit V 7
Nanotechnology assisted bioremediation, biotechnology for environmental
management
Unit VI 7
Oil field biotechnology, biomass production, biogas, and biofuel production,
microorganisms in mineral and energy recovery
ASSESSMENT
PART A Internal UNIT-I& II 20% (Written Test)
Assessment-I
Internal UNIT-III & 20% (Marks in any mode: Assignment
Assessment-II IV Presentation, Quiz)
PART B End Semester UNIT, I-VI 60% (Written Test)
Examination
SUGGESTED READINGS
Text Books
1. Michael P. J. (2001). Microbiology, 5th Edition. McGraw Hill Education.
2. Pepper, I.L. & Gerba, C.P. (2005). Environmental Microbiology - Laboratory Manual.
Elsevier, USA.
3. Ratledge, C. & Kristiansen, B. (2002). Basic Biotechnology, 2nd edition. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, UK.
4. Rittman, B. & McCarty, P. L. (2000). Environmental Biotechnology: Principles and
Applications, 2nd edition. Tata McGraw-Hill, USA.
5. Christon J. H., Ronald, L. C., Guy R. K., & Michael J. M. (2001). Manual of Environmental
Microbiology, 2nd edition. ASM Press.

Reference Books
1. Jördening, H. J., & Winter, J. (Eds.). (2005). Environmental biotechnology: concepts and
applications.
2. Bhattacharyya, B. C., & Banerjee, R. (2007). Environmental biotechnology. USA: Oxford
university press.

e-Resources
https://www2.hcmuaf.edu.vn/data/quoctuan/Environmental%20Biotechnology%20-
%20Theory%20and%20Application,%20G%20M%20Evans%20&%20J%20C%20Furlong.pd
f

Page 32 of 64
ENV503: Environmental Toxicology (3 Credits)
Program: Environmental Science Integrated M.Sc. (5 years) & M.Sc. (2 years)
SEMESTER IX & III
Course: Environmental Toxicology
Course TEACHING EXAMINATION SCHEME CREDITS ALLOTTED
status SCHEME
Core Theory: Internal Assessment: 40 Marks Theory: 03
3 hours/week End Semester Exam: 60 Marks
Course Pre-requisite: Students should have basic knowledge of environmental toxicants.
COURSE 1. Introduce the basic concepts, approaches and principles of toxicology
OBJECTIVES 2. Understand the dose-response relationship and the main parameters
derived from it.
3. Explain the mechanisms of action of environmental toxicants in
causing a toxic response in living organisms.
4. Provide fundamental knowledge on the environment's fate and transport
of toxicants and how these processes affect their toxicity.
COURSE By the end of the course, students will be able to
OUTCOMES (CO) CO1. Acquire knowledge relating to the fundamentals in the basic areas
of toxicology and understand the discipline's relevancy to real-
world issues.
CO2. Identify relationships between chemical exposure and effects on
physiological systems
CO3. Inspect the routes of entry of different environmental toxicants
CO4. Critically evaluate, discuss, explain, and present contemporary
topics in environmental toxicology primary scientific literature.
CO5. Apply the knowledge acquired for evaluating contaminant
exposure and risk assessment
CO6. Gain familiarity with the factors influencing the toxic effects of
chemicals in environment
COURE CONTENT Hours
UNIT I 7
Toxicology: Introduction, definition and scope; History; Principles of toxicology-
descriptive toxicology, mechanistic toxicology, regulatory toxicology, specialized
areas of toxicology
UNIT II 7
Dose-response assessment: Dose; Response; Dose-response relationship and dose-
response curves; Toxicity tests
UNIT III 8
Toxicokinetics: Absorption - Routes of toxicants exposure, Gastro-intestinal tract,
Respiratory tract, Skin, Mechanisms of trans-membrane transport; Distribution -
Mechanism, Structural barriers, Storage Depots
UNIT III 8
Biotransformation reactions – Biotransformation sites, Phase I and Phase II
reactions; Excretion – Urinary, Faecal, Respiratory, Other routes of excretion
UNIT IV 8
Environmental toxicants; Sources – Point and Non-point sources; Transport
processes - Advection and Diffusion processes, Equilibrium partitioning;
Transformation processes - Abiotic and biotic reactions; Environmental Fate Models.

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UNIT VI 7
Global dispersion and circulating mechanisms of toxicants in the environment;
Factors affecting toxicants action; Ecosystem influence on the fate and transport of
toxicants
ASSESSMENT
PART A Internal UNIT- I, II 20% (Written Test)
Assessment-I
Internal UNIT-III, IV 20% (Marks in any mode: Assignment Presentation,
Assessment-II Quiz)

PART B End Semester UNIT- I-VI 60% (Written Test)

Examination
SUGGESTED READINGS
Text Books:
1. Haye's , A.W. & Kruger, C.L. (2014). Hayes' Principles and Methods of Toxicology, 6th
Edition. CRC Press,
2. Hodgson E. A. (2004). Textbook of Modern Toxicology, 3rd Edition. John Wiley & Sons,
Inc.
3. Walker C.H., Sibly R.M., HopkinS.P., & Peakall D.B. (2008). Principles of Ecotoxicology,
4th edition. CRC Press.

Reference Books:
1. Frank C. L. (2003). Basic Toxicology: Fundamentals, Target Organs, and Risk
Assessment, Taylor and Francis.
2. Zakrzewski , S.F. (2002). Environmental Toxicology, 3rd Edition, Oxford University.
3. Greim, H. & Snyder, R. (2018). Toxicology and Risk Assessment - A Comprehensive
Introduction, 2nd Edition. Wiley.

e-Resources:
https://litfl.com/tox-library/resources/
https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSp/substances/SubstanceResources.aspx
https://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/etox/lectures.htm
https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/training/toxmanual/modules/1/lecturenotes.html

Page 34 of 64
ENV504: Environmental Laboratory-III (3 Credits)
Program: Environmental Science Integrated M.Sc. (5 years) & M.Sc. (2 years)
SEMESTER IX & III
Course: Environmental Laboratory-III
Course TEACHING EXAMINATION SCHEME CREDITS ALLOTTED
status SCHEME
Core Practical: Internal Assessment: 40 Marks Practical: 03
6 hours/week End Semester Exam: 60 Marks
Course Pre-requisite: Student should have basic knowledge of biology and chemistry.

COURSE 1.Provide significant knowledge of biotechnological techniques to

OBJECTIVES modify and augment microorganisms in the laboratory and
environment
2. Know various techniques for toxicological responses and
exposure to dose matrices.
3. Get hands-on experience with the instruments which are used for
environmental sampling and analysis.
4. Learn dose response relationships and toxicity testing methods.
COURSE By the end of the course, the student will be able to
OUTCOMES (CO) CO1. Student will develop an understanding on various microbial
methods and biotechnological techniques.
CO2. Understand the dose response relationships and toxicity testing
methods.
CO3 Recognize and apply environmental biotechnology approaches in
treatment of organic wastes
CO4. Apply this knowledge in production of biomaterials /biofuels
and pollution control.
CO5. Understand basic mechanisms of bioremediation.
CO6. Develop methods for improved biological processes.
COURSE CONTENT Hours
Unit I 8
Sampling methods Practical Tips to Sampling, Sample Preparation, Media and
glassware Preparation, handling instrumentation,
Unit II 8
Various tools and techniques of environmental microbial biotechnology lab, a
survey of microorganisms of water and soil
Unit III 8
Staining of isolated microorganisms, morphological identification, isolation of DNA
from bacterial cells, multiplication of DNA by PCR technique.
Unit VI 7
Calculation of LC50, LD50, EC50, ED50, acceptable daily intake (ADI), a margin
of safety, therapeutic index,
Unit V 7
Qualitative and quantitative determination of environmental toxicants in different
environmental matrices
Unit VI 7
Toxicity test on varied plant species; Germination percentage, Germination index,

Page 35 of 64
Root length, Shoot length, Fresh and dry weight.

ASSESSMENT
End Semester Examination UNIT- I-VI 100% (Practical Exam + Viva Voce)
SUGGESTED READINGS
Reference Books
1. Walker C.H., Sibly R.M., HopkinS.P., & Peakall D.B. (2008). Principles of
Ecotoxicology, 4th edition. CRC Press.
2. Haye’s A.W. & Kruger C.L. (2014). Hayes' Principles and Methods of Toxicology,
6th edition. CRC Press.
3. Pepper, I.L., & Gerba, C.P. (2004). Environmental Microbiology A Laboratory
Manual, 2nd edition. I.L.
4. Hodgson, E. A. (2004). Textbook of Modern Toxicology, 3rd Edition. John Wiley &
Sons, Inc.
5. Evans, G. M., & Furlong, J.C. (2002). Environmental Biotechnology: Theory and
Application. Wiley-Blackwell, Willey.

Page 36 of 64
ENV 505: Internship/Skill Enhancement (3 Credits)
Program: Environmental Science Integrated M.Sc. (5 years) & M.Sc. (2 years)
SEMESTER IX & III
Course: Internship/Skill Enhancement
Course TEACHING EXAMINATION SCHEME CREDITS ALLOTTED
status SCHEME
Elective Practical: Internal Assessment: 40 Marks Practical: 03
6 hours/week End Semester Exam: 60 Marks
Course Pre-requisite: Student should have completed VIII/II semester of Int. M.Sc./M.Sc.
programme
COURSE 1. Learn about environmental initiatives and activities.
OBJECTIVES 2. Development of skills required for environmental analysis and
monitoring.
3. Exposure to real environmental problems.
4. Assess interests and abilities in their field of studies and Explore career
alternatives.
COURSE By the end of the course, the student will be able to
OUTCOMES (CO) CO1. Get exposure and experience of myriad environmental problems
for research purpose.
CO2. Able to design basic research plan and required methodologies to
conduct the research.
CO3. Integrate theory and practice.
CO4. Develop work habits and attitudes necessary for employment.
CO5. Build the record of work experience.
CO6. Develop communication and problem solving skills.
COURSE CONTENT Hours
Visit to research laboratories/ academic institutions/industries/NGOs etc. during 90
summer vacations (3-4 weeks). Evaluation will include report submission and
presentation based on their visit and work respective laboratories/institutions/industry.
ASSESSMENT
End Semester Examination Project Report Submission, Presentation and Viva-Voce

Page 37 of 64
ENV507: Major Dissertation (18 Credits)
Program: Environmental Science Integrated M.Sc. (5 years) & M.Sc. (2 years)
SEMESTER X & IV
Course: Major Dissertation
Course TEACHING EXAMINATION SCHEME CREDITS ALLOTTED
status SCHEME
Elective Theory/Practical: Internal Assessment: 40 Theory/practical: 18
36 hours/week Marks
End Semester Exam: 60
Marks
Course Pre-requisite: Student should have completed IX/III semester of Int. M.Sc./M.Sc.
programme.
COURSE 1. Identify/define environmental problems existing in the area of
OBJECTIVES interest and generate research questions and/or relevant hypotheses
2. Identify and apply appropriate research methods to deal with the
research questions and hypothesis also conduct research responsibly
and ethically using good laboratory practices.
3. Evaluate, interpret, and analyze a body of empirical data and
evidence to generate an empirical model for better understanding
and discuss findings and prepare report in the broader context of the
field.
4. Learn to prepare the scientific report.
COURSE By the end of the course, the student will be able to
OUTCOMES (CO) CO1. Identify real existing problem and searching solutions.
CO2. Prepare and generate the scientific report with clear findings.
CO3. Conversion of publishable results to help in a decision support
system.
CO4. Engage in systematic research and critical review of relevant
information sources.
CO5 Disseminate the output of the work for public welfare and
scientific community.
CO6 Carryout independent and sustained critical investigation and
evaluation of selected research findings.
COURSE CONTENT Hours

Each student will work for M. Sc. Project under the supervision of formally assigned 540
supervisor in the department. Student shall complete the process of academic
interaction to obtain teachers consent to supervise his/her project work. The work on
research project will start under the supervision of assigned faculty member and will
be completed by end of semester with submission of dissertation thesis in prescribed
format. Dissertation will be evaluated by internal and external expert members based
on the presentation and viva- voce.
ASSESSMENT
End Semester Project Report Submission, Presentation and Viva-Voce
Examination

Page 38 of 64
 Elective Courses I

ENV431:Soil Science (3 Credits)

Program: Environmental Science Integrated M.Sc. (5 years) & M.Sc. (2 years)
SEMESTER IX & III
Course: Soil Science
Course TEACHING EXAMINATION SCHEME CREDITS ALLOTTED
status SCHEME
Elective Theory: Internal Assessment: 40 Marks Theory: 03
3hours/week End Semester Exam: 60 Marks
Course Pre-requisite: Student should have basic knowledge of biology and chemistry.

COURSE 1. Understand the relationships between minerals, rocks, geological

OBJECTIVES processes, and soil formation.
2. Describe the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil.
3. Provide a basic understanding of the influence of underlying
geology on soil functions
4. Develop an understanding of soil fertility and plant nutrition.
COURSE By the end of the course, the student will be able to
OUTCOMES(CO) CO1. Gain knowledge on the concepts and principles of Soil Science
CO2. Understand the soil components and the nature of the
interactions between these components.
CO3. Describe the various minerals and organic components of soils
CO4. Understand how changes in various quantities affect soil
physical and chemical properties.
CO5. Learn about essential nutrients, soil fertility, nutrient
transformations in soil.
CO6. Identify the impact of various soil physical, chemical and
biological properties on plant growth.
COURSE CONTENT Hours
UNIT I 8
Soil forming processes; Weathering and pedogenesis; Soil profile; Soil
classification systems- historical developments and modern systems of soil
classification; Major soil groups of India.
UNIT II 8
Mineralogical composition of Earth’s Crust; classification; crystalline and non-
crystalline clay minerals; amorphous soil constituents and other non-crystalline
silicate minerals; structure, composition and properties.
UNIT III 8
Soil texture and structure; Soil consistence; Density and weight relationship; Soil
porosity and aeration; Soil colour; Soil Temperature; Soil water: classification,
soil-water potential, water flow in saturated and unsaturated soils.

UNIT IV 7
Chemical composition of the earth’s crust and soils; Soil colloids: inorganic and
organiccolloids; Ion-exchange processes; Soil air and water; Soil pH; Soil
alkalinity and acidity; Saline and sodic soil.

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UNIT V 7
Soil organic matter – genesis, properties, classification, functions; humus
formation & decomposition; factors influencing organic matter- natural and
anthropogenic.
UNIT VI 7
Soil fertility and soil productivity; Nutrient sources; Essential plant nutrients;
NPK- sources, forms, immobilization, and mineralization; Fertilizer use efficiency.

ASSESSMENT
PART A Internal UNIT-I 20% (Written Test)
Assessment-I
Internal UNIT-II 20% (Marks in any mode: Assignment
Assessment-II Presentation, Quiz)
PART B End Semester UNIT, I-III 60% (Written Test)
Examination
SUGGESTED READINGS
Text Books:
1. Brady N.C., & Weil R.R. (2007). The Nature and Properties of Soil, 14th Edition. Pearson
Education.
2. Kim H. Tan. (2009). Environmental Soil Science, 3rd Edition. CRC press.
3. Millar C.E., & Turk L.M. (2002). Fundamentals of Soil Science, 2nd edition. Biotech
Books.
4. Mehra R.K. (2004). Textbook of Soil Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research.

Reference Books
1. Indian Society of Soil Science (2002). Fundamentals of Soil Science. ISSS, New Delhi.
2. Rattan L. (2016). Encyclopedia of Soil Science, 3rd Edition. CRC press.
3. Winfried, E. H. B., Peter, S. & Stephen, N. (2018). Essentials of Soil Science: Soil
Formation, Functions, Use and Classification (World Reference Base, WRB), CSIRO
Publishing.

e-Resources
https://archive.nptel.ac.in/courses/126/105/126105016/
http://ecoursesonline.iasri.res.in/course/view.php?id=125
https://www.studocu.com/row/document/university-of-eldoret/soil-chemistry/483-sos-211-
lecture-note/20217811

Page 40 of 64
ENV432: Agrometeorology (3 Credits)
Program: Environmental Science Integrated M.Sc. (5 years) & M.Sc. (2 years)
SEMESTER IX & III
Course: Agrometeorology
Course TEACHING EXAMINATION SCHEME CREDITS ALLOTTED
status SCHEME
Elective Theory: Internal Assessment: 40 Marks Theory: 03
3 hours/week End Semester Exam: 60 Marks
Course Pre-requisite: Student should have basic knowledge of biology and chemistry.

COURSE 1. Learn meteorological and agrometeorological observations

OBJECTIVES 2. Understand the process of solar radiation and its influences on crop
plants.
3. Learn meteorological hazards and their impact on crop plants and
the prevailing solution.
4. Learn available agro-meteorological forecast and utilization in
improving crop productivity.
COURSE By the end of the course, the student will be able to:
OUTCOMES (CO) CO1. Understand the meteorological observation and its specific use in
agricultural purposes.
CO2. Evaluate the solar radiation and its utilization by the crop plants.
CO3. Conceptualize the meteorological hazards and impact on the crops
as well as the preventive measure to improve the crop health.
CO4. Forecast the agro-meteorological parameters for improving
the crop yield and judicious use of the natural resources in crop
productivity.
CO5. Estimate the meteorological conditions to assess the requirements
for crop productivity
CO6 Gain the information about the study site.
COURSE CONTENT Hours
UNIT I 8
Meaning and scope of agricultural meteorology; components of agricultural
meteorology; roles and responsibilities of agricultural meteorologists; importance
of meteorological parameters in agriculture; important meteorological processes to
agriculture-importance of various micro environments on plant growth and
development.
UNIT II 8
Earth and its atmosphere in relation to sun and seasons; solar radiation; heat balance
of earth and atmosphere; radiation in the atmosphere-energy balance;
agrometeorological observations: air, surface and soil temperature, air and soil
humidity, vapour pressure, wind, precipitation, sunshine, radiation intensity, El
Nino, La Nina, ENSO.
UNIT III 8
Phenology and seasonal changes of weather conditions; crop climatology-
thermoperiodism, photoperiodism, thermal indices and phenology: heat unit and
growing degree day concepts for crop phenology, crop growth and development;
insect-pest development; agro-climatic requirement of crops.

Page 41 of 64
 UNIT IV 7
Light distribution in the plant canopy, phototropism and photoperiodism, effect of
meteorological factors on photosynthesis; Hydrological cycle: precipitation
intensity, evaporation, infiltration, runoff, soil storage and hydrological balance,
multiple cropping patterns for different soil climatic zones in India;; Frost and frost
fighting methods, hail damage and hail modification methods, Wind damage and
wind breakers.
UNIT V 7
Risks in agricultural production, history of weather and climate as accepted risk
factors in agriculture; Risks of droughts; monitoring, prediction and prevention of
drought; mitigating practices.
UNIT VI 7
Agrometeorological forecasts systems, short, medium and long-range forecasts;
yield forecasts model, system stimulation its concept, application and importance,
agro-met advisory services.
ASSESSMENT
PART A Internal UNIT- I, II 20% (Written Test)
Assessment-I
Internal UNIT- III, 20% (Marks in any mode: Assignment
Assessment- IV Presentation, Quiz)
II
PART B End Semester UNIT- I-VI 60% (Written Test)
Examination
SUGGESTED READINGS
Text Books:
1. Brown, D. M. (1981). Agrometeorology: J. Seemann, YI Chirkov, J. Lomas and B.
Primault. Springer—Verlag Berlin—Heidelberg—New York, 1979, 324 pp., US $53.90,
DM 98.00.
2. Bishnoi, O. P. (2007). Principles of Agricultural Meteorology. Oxford Book Co.
3. Lenka, D. (1998). Climate, weather and crops in India. Kalyani Publishers.
Reference Books
1. Smith, L.P. (1975). Methods in Agricultural Meteorology (Developments in
Atmospheric Science), 3rd volume. Elsevier Science Ltd.
2. Mavi, H.S.., & Tupper, G. J. (2004). Agrometeorology Principles and Applications of
Climate Studies in Agriculture. Haworth Press, Inc., New York/London/Oxford press,
Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo
3. Rao, G. (2008). Agricultural Meteorology.PHI Learning Private Ltd.
e-Resources
https://imdagrimet.gov.in

Page 42 of 64
ENV433: Water and Wastewater Treatment (3 Credits)
Program: Environmental Science Integrated M.Sc. (5 years) & M.Sc. (2 years)
SEMESTER VIII & II
Course: Wastewater Treatment
Course TEACHING EXAMINATION SCHEME CREDITS ALLOTTED
status SCHEME
Elective Theory: Internal Assessment: 40 Marks Theory: 03
3 hours/week End Semester Exam: 60 Marks
Course Pre-requisite: Student should have basic knowledge of aquatic chemistry.

COURSE 1. Learn about available waste resources and its distribution on earth
OBJECTIVES 2. Understand the science and technologies of wastewater treatment
processes and operations.
3. Understand the basic design criteria and the operation of wastewater
treatment facilities/plants.
4. Learn the sampling and analytical techniques required for the
wastewater characterization and the monitoring of the wastewater
treatment plants.
COURSE By the end of the course, the student will be able to:
OUTCOMES (CO) CO1. Understand water resources, components of water budget and its
linkage with energy and chemical budgets.
CO2. Acquire knowledge on the water quality standards, potential
sources of pollution and their corresponding qualities
CO3. Gain knowledge of water regulations and standards required to
protect public health and ensure compliance
CO4. Link the water quality standards with the basic objectives of
wastewater treatment
CO5. Describe the purpose and operational steps of key water treatment
processes used to improve water quality
CO6. Understand the main physical, chemical and biological processes
used for wastewater treatment
COURSE CONTENT Hours
UNIT I 6
Global distribution of water resources; Precipitation; Water needs and consumption;
Water resource planning and management; Water budget; National Water Policy
UNIT II 6
Water quality, water quality standards for drinking water and wastewater, water
quality indices, physic-chemical indicators, composite indicators; legislative and
regulatory frameworks for water pollution control
UNIT III 8
Major sources of wastewater; physicochemical and biological characteristics of
wastewater- domestic sewage and industrial effluents
UNIT IV 10
Treatment Technologies- pre-treatment, primary, secondary and tertiary treatment
methods, sewage treatment plant (STP); effluent treatment plant (ETP)

Page 43 of 64
 UNIT V 10
Aerobic treatment methods-Activated sludge, oxidation ponds, trickling filter, rotating
biological contactors, Anaerobic treatment methods- UASB reactors
UNIT VI 5
Sludge management facilities, sludge thickening, sludge digestion, Biogas generation,
sludge dewatering
ASSESSMENT
PART A Internal UNIT- I, II 20% (Written Test)
Assessment-I
Internal UNIT- III, 20% (Marks in any mode: Assignment Presentation,
Assessment-II IV Quiz)
PART B End Semester UNIT- I-VI 60% (Written Test)
Examination
SUGGESTED READINGS
Text Books:
1. Tchobanoglous, G., Burton, F.L. & Stensel, H. D.(2003). Wastewater Engineering: treatment
and Reuse, 4th edition. Metcalf and Eddy Inc., New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
2. Qasim S.R., Motley, E.M. & Zhu.G. (2002). Water works Engineering – Planning, Design and
Operation, Prentice Hall, New Delhi.
3. Hendricks D. (2006). Water Treatment Unit Processes – Physical and Chemical, CRC Press,
New York.
4. Staff, M.W.H. (2005). Water Treatment: Principles and Design. 2nd edition. New York, NY:
Wiley.

Reference Books
1. Lee C.C. & Shun dar Lin, S.D. (1999). Handbook of Environmental Engineering Calculations,
Mc Graw Hill, New York.
2. Sedlak., D. W,. (2014). 4.0: The Past, Present, and Future of the World's Most Vital
Resource, Yale University Press.
3. Holden,J. (2019). Water Resources- An Integrated Approach, 2nd edition. Routledge.

e-Resources
https://nptel.ac.in/courses/105104103
https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/1-85-water-and-wastewater-treatment-engineering-spring-
2006/pages/lecture-notes/
https://www.studocu.com/in/document/mahatma-gandhi-university/enviornmental-
engineering/module-4-its-lecture-notes-about-wastewater-treatment/30408187

Page 44 of 64
ENV434: Environmental Legislation (3 Credits)
Program: Environmental Science Integrated M.Sc. (5 years) & M.Sc. (2 years)
SEMESTER VIII & II
Course: Environmental Legislation
Course TEACHING EXAMINATION SCHEME CREDITS ALLOTTED
status SCHEME
Elective Theory: Internal Assessment: 40 Marks Theory: 03
3 hours/week End Semester Exam: 60 Marks
Course Pre-requisite: Student should have basic knowledge of biology and chemistry.

COURSE 1. Acquaint the students with the environmental issues, pollution, and
OBJECTIVES control and the measures taken for its protection along with the
prevailing norms.
2. Develop an understanding of the prevailing national and
international provisions of environmental policies and legislations.
3. Understand the environmental legislation procedures and
applicability
4. Learn environmental treaties and conventions.
COURSE By the end of the course, the student will be able to:
OUTCOMES (CO) CO1. Get basic knowledge of environmental law policies, its relevance,
and various principles.
CO2. Understand the environmental policies and their significance.
CO3. Understand various acts and legislation in place and suggest
solutions of the gaps in the existing policies and legislation.
CO4. Know about Environmental treaties and conventions.
CO5. Develop environmental ethics and its significance.
CO6. Know the significance of various historical environmental
movements.
COURSE CONTENT Hours
UNIT I 7
Origin of Environmental law; Concept of Environmental law and policy;
Environment and Governance.
UNIT II 7
Overview of International Environmental Laws; Fundamental Principles and
Application of International Environmental Law; International Humanitarian Law and
Environment.
UNIT III 8
Acts, rules and regulations: Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972, Water (Prevention and
Control of Pollution) Act 1974; Forest Conservation Act 1980, Environment
(Protection) Act 1986, the Environmental Protection Act & Environmental rules
1986. Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981; Bio-Medical Waste
(Management & Handling) Rules, 1998; Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling
Rules, 1989); Transboundary Movement Rules, 2008. Plastics manufacture, Sale
and Usage Rules, 1999. Coastal Regulation Zones (CRZ), Rules 1991. Public
Liability Insurance Act, 1991. Rules, Regulations and Guidelines for Municipal
Solid Waste; Electronic Waste.
UNIT IV 7
Human Communities and the Environment: Environmental movements: Chipko,

Page 45 of 64
 Silent valley, Bishnois of Rajasthan. Environmental ethics: Role of Indian and other
religions and cultures in environmental conservation. Environmental communication
and public awareness. Value education, individual, community, corporate social
responsibility. movements related to the environment – sacred groves, bishnoi
tradition, chipko movement, tehri dam, sardar sarovar, narmada dam, almatti dam,
silent valley. role of ngos. sustainable development: definition and concepts.
UNIT V 8
Evolution and development of international environmental laws with reference to
Stockholm conference on human environment, International conventions; Value
education; Movements related to environment – sacred groves, bishnoi tradition,
Chipko movement, Tehri dam, Sardar sarovar, Narmada dam, Silent valley. role of
NGOs; Supreme court directive on the introduction of the subject of environmental
studies at different levels, the introduction of cng in public transport. compensatory
afforestation.
UNIT VI 7
Supreme court directive on the introduction of the subject of environmental studies at
different levels, the introduction of cng in public transport. compensatory
afforestation. environmentally significant days.
ASSESSMENT
PART A Internal UNIT- I, II 20% (Written Test)
Assessment-I
Internal UNIT- III, 20% (Marks in any mode: Assignment
Assessment- IV Presentation, Quiz)
II
PART B End Semester UNIT- I-VI 60% (Written Test)
Examination
SUGGESTED READINGS
Text Books:
1. Shelton, D. & Kiss, A. C. (2005). Judicial Handbook on Environmental Law, United
Nations Environment Programme.
2. Jaswal, P.S. & Jaswal, N. (2003). Environmental Law. Pioneer Publications, Delhi.
3. Tiwari, R. K. (2007). Global Environmental Policies. ABD Publishers.
4. Trivedy, R. K. (2004). Handbook of Environmental Laws, Guidelines, Compliance &
Standards, Vol. 1 & 2 Environ – Media Karad, India.
5. Kuttingayloan, G. M. (2009). Conventions, Treaties and other Responses to Global Issues,
Vol. 1 & 2 EOLSS Publishers Co Ltd.
6. Singh, G. & Singh, G. (2005). Environmental Law in India. Macmillan India.
Reference Books
1. Sarkar, P.K. (2012). "Environmental ethics and environmental issues." International
Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research 1.2.
2. Reddy, R.V. (1997). Environmental movements in India: some reflections. FIA,
1997.Agricultural Meteorology by G.S.L.H.V. Prasad Rao: Published by –PHI Learning
Private Ltd.
e-Resources
https://www.unep.org/events/unep-event/stockholm50
Environmental Laws and Constitutional Provisions In India (legalservicesindia.com)

Page 46 of 64
ENV435: Energy and Environment (3 Credits)
Program: Environmental Science Integrated M.Sc. (5 years) & M.Sc. (2 years)
SEMESTER VIII & II
Course: Energy and Environment
Course TEACHING EXAMINATION SCHEME CREDITS ALLOTTED
status SCHEME
Elective Theory: Internal Assessment: 40 Marks Theory: 03
3 hours/week End Semester Exam: 60 Marks
Course Pre-requisite: Student should have basic knowledge of biology and chemistry.

COURSE 1. Understand the physical principles underlying Earth's energy and

OBJECTIVES interaction with the environment.
2. Understand the effect of the implementation of environmental
technologies and policies on sustainable energy usage.
3. Learn the broader view of energy, environment and climate change
impacts.
4. Learn related global and national issues and to recognize suitable
energy resources.
COURSE By the end of the course, the student will be able to:
OUTCOMES (CO) CO1. Understand the Earth energy balance.
CO2. Gain the knowledge about the impact of energy production on
environment.
CO3. Conservation of energy, alternate energy sources.
CO4. Energy security and their association with environmental effects in
a global and societal context.
CO5. Determine the present energy scenario at India and as well as at
global scale,
CO6. Recognize the suitable energy production and its significance.
COURSE CONTENT Hours

UNIT I 8
Energy forms and significance; heat budget of the earth; global energy flow pattern;
Global energy demand: past and current perspective; Energy demand and usage in
domestic, industrial, agriculture and transportation sectors. Nature, scope and analysis
of local and global impacts of energy use on the environment.
UNIT II 8
Non-renewable resources: distribution and availability, fossil fuels-coal, oil and
natural gas; Oil: formation, exploration, oil shale; Natural gas: exploration, liquefied
petroleum gas, compressed natural gas; Coal: reserves, coal gasification;
Environmental impacts of non renewable energy consumption; future energy options
and challenges.
UNIT III 8
Renewable resources: biomass, hydroelectric power, tidal energy, wind energy,
geothermal energy, hydrogen energy; Solar: solar collectors, photovoltaics, solar
ponds, solar heating system; Wave, ocean thermal, tidal energy and ocean currents;
Geothermal energy; Future energy sources: Hydrogen fuels, Sustainable energy,
energy from biomass; bio-diesel.

Page 47 of 64
 UNIT IV 7
Energy conservation and management local to global scales; Alternate energy
generation system, efficiency, utilization and assessment; sustainable energy strategy;
principles of energy conservation; Indian renewable energy programme.
UNIT V 7
Environmental implications of energy use; Energy production as driver of
environmental change; energy production, transformation and utilization associated
with environmental impacts; Energy over-consumption and its impact on the
environment, economy, and global change.
UNIT VI 7
Energy use pattern in India and the world, renewable energy potential in India;
Emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases in developed and developing
countries including India; Current and future energy use patterns in the world and in
India; alternative sources as green energy, need for energy efficiency; energy
conservation and sustainability.
ASSESSMENT
PART A Internal UNIT- I, II 20% (Written Test)
Assessment-I
Internal UNIT- III- 20% (Marks in any mode: Assignment
Assessment-II IV Presentation, Quiz)
PART B End Semester UNIT- I-VI 60% (Written Test)
Examination
SUGGESTED READINGS
Text Books:
1. Hossain, J., & Apel, M. (2014). Renewable energy integration: challenges and
solutions. Springer Science & Business Media.
2. David E. (2007). Sustainable Energy, Opportunities and Limitations, Sustainable
Energy: Opportunities and Limitations (Energy, Climate and the Environment)
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan.
3. Santra, S.C. (2011). Environmental Science, 3rd Edition. New Central Book Agency(P)
Ltd, Kolkata, India.

Reference Books
1. Dell, R., & David A. J. R. (2004). Clean energy. Volume 5. Royal Society of Chemistry.
2. Coley, D. (2011). Energy and climate change: creating a sustainable future. John Wiley
& Sons.
e-Resources
https://mnre.gov.in/

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ENV436: Forest Ecology and Management (3 Credits)
Program: Environmental Science Integrated M.Sc. (5 years) & M.Sc. (2 years)
SEMESTER VIII & II
Course: Forest Ecology and Management
Course TEACHING EXAMINATION SCHEME CREDITS
status SCHEME ALLOTTED
Elective Theory: Internal Assessment: 40 Marks Theory: 03
3 hours/week End Semester Exam: 60 Marks
Course Pre-requisite: Students taking this course are expected to have a background in general
ecology.
COURSE 1. Develop and practice “ecological thinking” toward a question or
OBJECTIVES problem analyzing how different abiotic and biotic factors and
processes might affectthe question/problem under investigation.
2. Understand how ecological principles work across different
forest types andspatial scales.
3. Develop an ecological question to investigate with a field study –
designingand carrying out data collection, analyzing the data and
presenting the analysis and conclusions.
4. Make scientific arguments that are supported by data, logic and
credible sources of information, improve written and oral
communication skills.
COURSE By the end of the course, the student will be able to:
OUTCOMES (CO) CO1. Describe and explain the factors and processes (especially
disturbance regimes) that regulates the structure and function
of forest vegetation as wellas its variation in time and space.
CO2. Describe and explain the interactions between soil factors,
meteorological factors and forest production and dynamics.
CO3. Describe and explain the interactions between biotic factors
(animals,fungi) and forest structure and function.
CO4. Apply common methods for inventorying forests and their
woodlandvegetation.
CO5. Plan, implement, process, compile, critically analyse and
evaluate the results obtained from a forest ecological field
inventory and to report the results in writing and orally.
CO6. Describe methods in forest ecological research and critically
review and analyse scientific papers in forest ecology.
COURSE CONTENT Hours
UNIT I 7
Ecosystem structure, composition, pattern, and dynamics, Plant carbon gain exercise,
Plant ecophysiology, water and light.
UNIT II 7
Climate, topography, physiography, vegetation distributions across the landscape,
Primary succession, Forest structural development: Introduction, Tree mortality and
gap dynamics.
UNIT III 7
Forest disturbance ecology and disturbance adaptations, Fire Ecology, Net
Primary Productivity and Carbon Storage, Long-term change in forest ecosystems,

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Forest Regeneration.

UNIT IV 8
Introduction, definition, objectives and scope of forest mensuration, Crown
measurements, Height measurements - Volume tables-definition and their
classification.
UNIT V 8
Forest inventory- definition, objectives, kinds of enumeration, Sampling, Introduction
to remote sensing and its application in forestry, Use of GPS/GNSS in forest
inventory, Measurement stand density, Simulation techniques, Growth and yield
prediction models.
UNIT VI 8
Principles of forest management and their applications, Objects of management,
purpose and policy, demand for forest products, Production function and laws of
return, Valuation techniques, Project Planning, Evaluation and Analysis.
ASSESSMENT
PART A Internal UNIT- I, II 20% (Written Test)
Assessment-I
Internal UNIT- III, IV 20% (Marks in any mode: Assignment
Assessment-II Presentation,Quiz)
PART B End Semester UNIT- I-VI 60% (Written Test)
Examination
SUGGESTED READINGS
Text Books:
1. Avery, T.E. & Burkhart, H.E. (2002). Forest Measurements. McGraw-Hill.
2. Bardgett, R.D. & Wardle, D.A. (2010). Aboveground-belowground linkages. Oxford
UniversityPress, Oxford. ISBN: 978-0-19-954688-6
3. Barnes, B. V., Zak, D.R., Denton, S.R. & Spurr, S.H. (1998). Forest Ecology – 4th
Edition. JohnWiley and Sons, Inc. New York, NY. ISBN: 0-471-30822-6
4. Bettinger, P., Boston, K., Siry, J.P. & Grebner, D.L. (2009). Forest Management
and Planning.Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Reference Books
1. Landsberg, J., & R. Waring. (2014). Forests in Our Changing World: New Principles
for Conservation and Management. Island Press, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. 224 pp.
ISBN 978-1- 610-91496-3.
2. Larocque, G. R. (Edtor). (2016). Ecological forest management handbook. CRC
Press, Boca Raton, FL. ISBN: 978-1-4822-4785-5.
3. Lucka M. & Godbold D.L. (2011). Soil Ecology in Northern Forests. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge. ISBN: 978-0-521-71421.
e-Resources
https://environment.wsu.edu/undergraduate-studies/forest-ecology-and-management/

Page 50 of 64
ENV437: Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Practices (3 Credits)
Program: Environmental Science Integrated M.Sc. (5 years) & M.Sc. (2 years)
SEMESTER VIII & II
Course: Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Practices
Course TEACHING EXAMINATION SCHEME CREDITS ALLOTTED
status SCHEME
Elective Theory: Internal Assessment: 40 Marks Theory: 03
3 hours/week End Semester Exam: 60 Marks
Course Pre-requisite: Student should have basic knowledge of biology and chemistry.

COURSE 1. Understand the principles underlying sustainable agriculture and

OBJECTIVES interaction with the environment.
2. Determine the effect of the implementation of environmental
technologies and policies on sustainable agriculture.
3. Learn the broader view of Climate change impacts related to global
and national issues.
4. Assess the environmental conventions related to sustainable
agriculture.
COURSE By the end of the course, the student will be able to:
OUTCOMES (CO) CO1. Gain an understanding of basics of sustainable agriculture.
CO2. Understand resource management required for the agriculture
system.
CO3. Acquaintance with the alternate energy production from the
agriculture sector integrated with environmental impact.
CO4. Develop new ideas for plant, soil and micrometeorological
conditions for crop productivity,
CO5. Assess the environmental problems caused by conventional
agriculture, and alternative sustainable agriculture to combat
the threat of food security.
CO6. Learn the importance of agri-environmental policies used to
agricultural production and different types of ecosystem
services and biodiversity.
COURSE CONTENT Hours
UNIT I 8
Definition and concept of sustainable agriculture; effect of climate change on
agricultural plant and production; threat to food security local to regional to global
scales; impacts of agricultural practices on the environment and benefits of
sustainable farming.
UNIT II 8
Importance of agriculture in India; Agricultural classification of crops; Soil and
climatic requirement, soil conservation methods; Fundamentals of water
management for agriculture.
UNIT III 7
Sustainable land use for agriculture, biogeochemical cycles; Soil fertility; Integrated
pest management; Crop disease identification and protection; Biofertilizers.

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 UNIT IV 8
Energy production in the agricultural sector, energy requirement for agriculture, land
use and biofuels, efficiency, and dependency of energy sources in agroecosystems;
current and future perspectives of biofuels.
UNIT V 7
Crop improvement: Quality and productivity, plant-microbiome interaction, plant
and micro-meteorological conditions interaction; Nutrient utilization and recycling;
food, fuel, water, recreation and other ecosystem services.
UNIT VI 7
Economic benefits of sustainable agriculture in crop production. Food security,
agriculture for achieving sustainable development goals, green revolution, white
revolution and blue revolution.
ASSESSMENT
PART A Internal UNIT- I, II 20% (Written Test)
Assessment-I
Internal UNIT- III, 20% (Marks in any mode: Assignment
Assessment-II IV Presentation, Quiz)
PART B End Semester UNIT- I-VI 60% (Written Test)
Examination
SUGGESTED READINGS
Text Books:
1. Nagothu, U. S. (2018). Agricultural development and sustainable intensification :
technology and policy challenges in the face of climate change.
2. Balasubramaniyan, P., & Palaniappan, S.P. (2001). Principles and Practices of
Agronomy AgroBios (India )Ltd., Jodhpur. 2. Cox, G.W and Atkins, M.D.
3. Michael, D. A., & George, W.C. (1979). Agricultural Ecology: An Analysis of World
Food Production Systems. W.H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco
4. Singh, G. C., Venkataraman, G., Sastry, B. & Joshi, P. (1990).Manual of Soil and
Water Conservation Practices. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi.
Reference Books
1. Paroda, R. S. (2018). Reorienting Indian agriculture: challenges and opportunities.
CAB International.
2. Parray, J.A., & Nowsheen S. (2019). Sustainable agriculture: Advances in plant
metabolome and microbiome. Academic Press.
3. Giri, B., Prasad, R., Wu, Q., & Varma, A.(2019). Biofertilizers for Sustainable
Agriculture and Environment, 2019
e-Resources
https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/hunger/
https://www.fao.org/sustainable-development-

Page 52 of 64
 Elective Courses II

ENV531: Geo-informatics for Forest Management (3 Credits)

Program: Environmental Science Integrated M.Sc. (5 years) & M.Sc. (2 years)
SEMESTER IX & III
Course: Geo-informatics for Forest
Management
Course TEACHING EXAMINATION SCHEME CREDITS
status SCHEME ALLOTTED
Elective Theory: Internal Assessment: 40 Marks Theory: 03
3 hours/week End Semester Exam: 60 Marks
Course Pre-requisite: Students should have basic knowledge of RS &GIS and Forestry.

COURSE 1. To generate qualified postgraduates who can be part of professional

OBJECTIVES organizationsworking in the field of Forest Management.
2. To generate a skilled post graduates who can undertake research in
the field of forestBiodiversity & Wildlife conservation through
geospatial technology.
3. To create awareness about the role of Remote Sensing and GIS for forest
management.
4. Enable and prepare students to take an interest in the field of
forest Geo- informatics for the advanced studies and with
significantly frontier and newer areas.
COURSE By the end of the course, the student will be able to:
OUTCOMES (CO) CO1. Recognize locally-important woody species and understand their
ecology, use, and potential markets, measure forest
trees and products.
CO2. Extract qualitative and quantitative forest resource data from
maps, aerial photographs, and digital data sources and
perform boundary surveying, forest inventory and mapping.
CO3. Recognize and describe the methods of forest regeneration and
protection, including the basic principles of wild land fire,
wild land firefighting, forest health.
CO4.Identify major health threats/hazards and forest pests.
CO5. Proficient in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and
Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and apply those and other
technologies to the protection or management of natural
resources.
CO6. Develop a professional forest management development
planning.
COURSE CONTENT Hours
UNIT I 7
Forest eco-systems concepts, primary productivity, nutrient cycling, conservation
of forest ecosystems. forest types in India, conventional survey.

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UNIT II 7
Remote sensing based classification of forests, spectral properties of vegetation,
sampling methods, forest monitoring through remote sensing, GIS for management
and modelling of forests, forest fire, firemanagement by RS & GIS.
UNIT III 7
Role of afforestation and forest regeneration, human impacts; encroachment,
poaching, grazing, shifting cultivation and control, disease and stress detection
principles of conservation, needs for forest conservation.
UNIT IV 8
Advances in RS & GIS techniques for forest conservation & management
using LiDAR, SAR and hyperspectral data.
UNIT V 8
Digital Photogrammetric Images from UAV and associated concepts, UAV flight planning,
coveragetypes, processing methods. Recent trends in its applications.

UNIT VI 8
Present global status of forests, distribution and its contribution as natural resources, over-
exploitation: deforestation and its societal impact, forest products, developing and developed
world strategies for forestry, climate change impacts on forests and their assessment.
ASSESSMENT
PART A Internal UNIT- I, II 20% (Written Test)
Assessment-I
Internal UNIT- III, IV 20% (Marks in any mode: Assignment
Assessment-II Presentation,Quiz)
PART B End Semester UNIT- I-VI 60% (Written Test)
Examination
SUGGESTED READINGS
Text Books:
1. Srinivas, M.G. (2001). Remote Sensing Applications, Narosa Publishing House, New
Delhi.
2. Andrew, R. (1999). Manual of Remote Sensing. Volume 3, 3rd edition. Remote Sensing
for the Earth Sciences, American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,
John Wiley and Sons, New York.
3. Steven, E. F. (2001). Remote Sensing for Sustainable Forest Management.CRC Press.
Reference Books
1. Jensen, J.R. ( 2 0 0 1 ) . Remote Sensing of the Environment – An Earth Resource
Perspective. DorlingKindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
2. Agarwal, C.S. & Garg, P.K. (2000). Textbook on Remote Sensing in Natural
Resources Monitoring andManagement. Wheeler Publishing, New Delhi.
3. Narayan, L.R.A. (2001). Remote Sensing and its Applications. Universities Press
(India) Ltd.,Hyderabad,2001.
e-Resources
http://www.itc.nl/~bakker/rs.html
www.ccrs.nrcan.gc.ca/resource/tutor/fundam/index_e.php
rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/http://www.r-s-c-c.org/rscc/v1m1.html
www.isprs.org www.spaceimaging.comwww.landsat.usgs.gov.inwww.nrsa.gov.in
http://www.euromap.de/ http://www.nrsa.gov.in/

Page 54 of 64
ENV532: Occupational Hazards (3 Credits)
Program: Environmental Science Integrated M.Sc. (5 years) & M.Sc. (2 years)
SEMESTER IX & III
Course: Occupational Hazards
Course TEACHING EXAMINATION SCHEME CREDITS ALLOTTED
status SCHEME
Elective Theory: Internal Assessment: 40 Marks Theory: 03
3 hours/week End Semester Exam: 60 Marks
Course Pre-requisite: Student should have basic knowledge of toxicology.

COURSE 1. Understanding of the relatedness of occupations and public health.

OBJECTIVES 2. Learn about health hazards in varied occupations.
3. Understand legislative requirements, industry standards, and best
practices in a variety of workplaces.
4. Impart knowledge on various concepts of prevention/protection to
occupational Health and safety mechanisms.
COURSE By the end of the course, the student will be able to
OUTCOMES (CO) CO1. Describe the major components and elements of the occupational
health and safety;
CO2. Relate health protection concepts to the occupational health and
safety program.
CO3. Identify the ways in which physical, chemical and other
hazardous agents in the work environment can affect human
health.
CO4. Acquire knowledge of the types of diseases which can arise from
work
CO5. Learn how scientific method and epidemiology can be applied in
disease recognition
CO6. Apply different prevention and control measures to ensure safety
against occupational hazards
COURSE CONTENT Hours
UNIT I 6
History of concept, Recognition and evaluation of health hazards Organizational
factors, Human factors.
UNIT II 8
Physical Hazards - mechanical, noise, radiation, temperature, light, structures,
electrical, fire, explosion, confined space; Chemical Hazards -Vapors, mists, solids,
fumes, aerosols; Biological Hazards - Fungi, molds, virus, bacteria, animals.
UNIT III 8
Psychosocial hazards; Physical safety hazards; Ergonomic hazards; Work organization
hazards
UNIT IV 11
Occupational diseases-Pneumoconiosis, Silicosis, Anthracosis, Byssinosis, Bagasosis,
Asbestosis, Farmer’s lung, Metal poisoning, Occupational cancer, Occupational
dermatitis, Radiation Hazards.

Page 55 of 64
UNIT V 6
Occupational health; Safety and health programmes, core elements; Occupational
Safety and Health Act (OSHA); Occupational exposure limits.
UNIT VI 6
Risk Control, Regulating health and safety, Occupational hazards in industries and other
sectors, Industrial hygiene and Occupational health- Indian Scenario. Role of WHO in
occupational health, Global Occupational Health Network (GOHNET)
ASSESSMENT
PART A Internal UNIT-I 20% (Written Test)
Assessment-I
Internal UNIT-II 20% (Marks in any mode: Assignment
Assessment-II Presentation, Quiz)
PART B End Semester UNIT, I-III 60% (Written Test)
Examination
SUGGESTED READINGS
Text Books:
1. Haldar, S.K. (2017). Industrial and Occupational Health, CBS Publishers & Distributors..
2. Benjamin O. A. (2008). Fundamental Principles of Occupational Health and Safety,
International Labour Office; 2nd edition.
3. Barry, S. L., David, H.W., Sherry, L.B. & Rosemary, K.S. (2011). Occupational and
Environmental Health: Recognizing and Preventing Disease and Injury 6th Edition, Oxford
University Press.

Reference Books
1. Burgess, W.A. (1995). Recognition of Health Hazards in Industries: A Review of Materials
and Processes. 2nd Edition. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
2. Wald, P. & Gregg, M.S. (2001). Physical and Biological Hazards in the Workplace. New York,
NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
3. Dinardi, S. (2003). The Occupational Environment Its Evaluation and Control. 2nd Ed.
Fairfax, VA: American Industrial Hygiene Association.

e-Resources
https://www.cartercenter.org/resources/pdfs/health/ephti/library/lecture_notes/env_occupational_health
_students/ln_occ_health_safety_final.pdf
https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2004-101/pdfs/OccupDis.pdf
https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/7278484

Page 56 of 64
ENV 533: Aquatic and Chemical Ecology (3 Credits)
Program: Environmental Science Integrated M.Sc. (5 years) & M.Sc. (2 years)
SEMESTER IX & III
Course: Aquatic and Chemical Ecology
Course TEACHING EXAMINATION SCHEME CREDITS ALLOTTED
status SCHEME
Elective Theory: Internal Assessment: 40 Marks Theory: 03
3 hours/week End Semester Exam: 60 Marks
Course Pre-requisite: Student should have significant knowledge of Ecology, Environmental
Science and Life Science.
COURSE 1. Provide significant knowledge in the core domain of ecology with
OBJECTIVES special emphasis on aquatic and chemical ecology
2. Provide fundamental concepts in chemical, microbial and aquatic
ecology to magnify their view in the interdisciplinary linkages
3. Enable and prepare students to take an interest in the field of ecology
for the advanced studies and with significantly frontier and newer
areas.
4. Upgrade and advance knowledge in ecology.
COURSE By the end of the course the student will be able to:
OUTCOMES (CO) CO1. Understand the concepts of aquatic microbial ecology and chemical
ecology
CO2. Improve and upgrade their knowledge in ecology and environment
CO3. Identify the fundamental questions in aquatic and chemical ecology
CO4. Analyse nature of biotic interactions with a special prospect on
microbial and chemically mediated communications in nature.
CO5. Analyse and evaluate the characteristics of aquatic ecology, role of
aquatic microbes and chemical ecology.
CO6. Develop and create independent thinking for understanding the
nature of biotic interactions and chemical communications.
COURSE CONTENT Hours
UNIT I 7
Introduction and scope of chemical ecology, the ecology of chemical defences,
chemical communication, and biosynthesis of cues. Chemical signals/allelochemicals
and environmental cues, chemical signals for resources and transport.
UNIT II 8
Pheromones, allelopathy, Examples of chemical ecology on the context of social
behavior, community structure and population dynamics. Quorum sensing in
bacteria.
UNIT III 7
Introduction of aquatic microbial ecology, Microbiomes, Volatile Sulfur and Organic
carbon emission by microbial processes.

UNIT IV 7
Role of viruses, autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria in the dynamics of community
structure and nutrients’ assimilation.
UNIT V 7
Regulation of nutrients and trace metal mobility in aquatic system. Advanced methods
in trace metal biogeochemistry and microbial diversity.

Page 57 of 64
UNIT VI 8
Distinction in ecology of fresh, brackish, estuarine and marine environments. Ecological
issues related to processes and structures at different integration levels. Harmful algal
blooms and stressed environment. Coral reef dynamics
ASSESSMENT
PART A Internal UNIT- I, II 20% (Written Test)
Assessment-I
Internal UNIT- III, IV 20% (Marks in any mode: Assignment
Assessment-II Presentation, Quiz)
PART B End Semester UNIT- I-VI 60% (Written Test)
Examination
SUGGESTED READINGS
Text Books:
1. Thomas E. & Jerrold, M. (1995). Chemical Ecology: The Chemistry of Biotic Interaction. S,
for the National Academy of Sciences.
2. Bagnères, A.G. (2016). Martine Hossaert-McKey, Chemical ecology London, UK:
ISTE Ltd; Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
3. Barnes, R.S.K., & Mann, K. H. (1992). Fundamentals of Aquatic Ecology, John Wiley &
Sons.
4. Ragothaman, G., & Trivedy, R.K. (2010). Aquatic Ecology: A Text Book. EM International.
Reference Books:
1. Roland, M., & Bartha, R. (1987). Microbial ecology: fundamentals and applications. Atlas,
The Benjamim. Cummings Publ., Menlo Park.
2. Barton, L.L., & Mclean, R.J.C. (2019). Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology.
John Wiley & Sons.

Page 58 of 64
 ENV534: Glaciology and Glacial Processes (3 Credits)

Program: Environmental Science Integrated M.Sc. (5 years) & M.Sc. (2 years)

SEMESTER IX & III
Course: Glaciology and Glacial Processes
Course TEACHING EXAMINATION SCHEME CREDITS ALLOTTED
status SCHEME
Elective Theory: Internal Assessment: 40 Marks Theory: 03
3 hours/week End Semester Exam: 60 Marks
Course Pre-requisite: Student should have basic knowledge of geosciences.

COURSE 1. Conceptualization of glaciers, glaciological features and their global

OBJECTIVES importance.
2. Understanding of the energy budget process of the glacier.
3. Understanding glaciological measurements.
4. Knowledge of glaciological hazards like GLOF.
COURSE By the end of the course, the student will be able to:
OUTCOMES (CO) CO1. Gain basic physical principles in glaciology and the concept of
glaciers, their types, characteristics, and importance.
CO2. Understand the glacier, its formation and glaciological features.
CO3. Assess the energy balance of glaciers and understand its impact on
glacial melting processes.
CO4. Understand the impact of climate on glacier mass balance,
movement and extent through indirect and direct feedback
mechanisms.
CO5. Explain and examine glaciological methods used in the research
today
CO6. Understand how today's glaciers in various regions are getting
affected and shall be affected by climate variability and its
impact as a glaciological hazard.
COURSE CONTENT Hours

UNIT I 8
Causes of glaciations Formation and distribution of snow, Snowflakes, Snow
measurement techniques, snow water equivalent, snowmelt estimation, classification of
deposited snow, Metamorphism process of deposited snow, Transformation of snow to
ice in dry and wet conditions, Snow-firn-ice, Variation of density with depth, Rate of
snow crystal growth, Structure of ice crystal
UNIT II 8
Definition and types of glaciers, Zones in a glacier, Equilibrium line and its importance,
Climatic significance, determining equilibrium line altitude, Reconstructing former
equilibrium line altitudes
UN UNIT III 8
Radiation: Shortwave and longwave radiation, Net radiation, Albedo. Temperature:
Surface and subsurface, cold content of snow and ice. Relative humidity, atmospheric
pressure and wind. Turbulent fluxes: Sensible and latent heat flux, ground heat flux.
Surface Energy Budget. The energy available for melting and modelling the melt

Page 59 of 64
UNIT IV 7
Mass balance of a glacier and related terms (e.g. ELA, AAR, mass balance gradient),
Methods: Direct glaciological method, Geodetic Method, Hydrological Method,
Temperature Index Model, Linear Mass Balance Model, Energy Mass Balance Model
UNIT V 7
Snow and Glacier runoff model in Himalaya, Water balance of a glacierized catchment,
contribution of melt to stream flow, impact of Climate Change on Water Resources.
Discharge measurement methods: Runoff measurements, water level measurements,
area velocity method, current meter, velocity sensor, tracer methods. Sediment load
study in a glacierized terrain.
UNIT VI 7
Glacial lake and its types, Conditions for the formation of glacial lakes, Glacial Lake
outburst flood (GLOF) and its causes, Glacial Lake outburst floods in Himalaya, GLOF
early warning system, Mitigation measures of GLOF

ASSESSMENT
PART A Internal UNIT-I, II 20% (Written Test)
Assessment-I
Internal UNIT-III, IV 20% (Marks in any mode: Assignment Presentation,
Assessment-II Quiz)
PART B End Semester UNIT- I-VI 60% (Written Test)
Examination
SUGGESTED READINGS
Text Books:
1. Paterson, W. S. B. (1969). The Physics of Glaciers, 3rd Edition. Perganon Press, Oxford,
London, Edinburg.
2. Alen, M. H. J. (1992), Glaciers, Cambridge University.
3. Douglass I. B. & Davis, J. A. E. (1998). Glacier and Glaciation, Dept. of Geography and
Topo Science, University of Glasgow, UK.

Reference Books:
1. Nakawo, M. & Hayakawa, N. (1998). Snow and Ice Science in Hydrology, Prepared for the
7th IHP Training Course on Snow Hydrology, Inst. for Hydrospheric-Atmospheric Sciences,
Nagoya University and UNESCO.
2. Oerlemans, J. (1989). Glacier Fluctuations and Climatic Change. Kluwer (Dordrecht), 417
pp.
3. Parry, J. L., & Tranter, M. (2012). The Ecology of Snow and Ice Environments Oxford
University Press.
4. Martinek, J., Rango, A., & Roberts, R. (2008). Snowmelt Runoff Model (SRM) User's Manual.

Page 60 of 64
ENV535: Environmental Stress on Vegetation (3 Credits)
Program: Environmental Science Integrated M.Sc. (5 years) & M.Sc. (2 years)
SEMESTER IX & III
Course: Environmental Stress on Vegetation
Course TEACHING EXAMINATION SCHEME CREDITS ALLOTTED
status SCHEME
Elective Theory: Internal Assessment: 40 Marks Theory: 03
3 hours/week End Semester Exam: 60 Marks
Course Pre-requisite: Student should have basic knowledge of biology and chemistry.

COURSE 1. Understand the various environmental stresses and effects on

OBJECTIVES plants.
2. Learn the effect of environmental stresses as limiting factors in
plant growth, development, productivity, and plant biodiversity.
3. Understand the physiology and biochemistry of plants
4. Understand the adaptation strategies of plants under stress.
COURSE By the end of the course, the student will be able to:
OUTCOMES (CO) CO1.Students would be able to correlate environmental stress and effects
on vegetation.
CO2. The students will understand Physiological and biochemical
mechanisms in plants altered due to environmental stress.
CO3. Utilization of knowledge for bio monitoring mechanisms and
adaptive mechanisms.
CO4. Acquire knowledge about the environmental stress from plant to
community level.
CO5. Understand the adaptation strategies of plants against
environmental stress.
CO6. Understand about the bio-indication of the environmental stress.
COURSE CONTENT Hours
UNIT I 7
Natural and anthropogenic source of environmental stresses: Abiotic stress: radiation,
salinity, floods, drought, heat and light, cold and freezing, heavy metals, environmental
pollution; Biotic stresses- pathogens, fungi, bacteria, oomycetes, nematodes and
herbivores.
UNIT II 8
The environment of plants: Climatic, seasonal and diurnal trends including extremes in
weather such as temperatures, radiation (global and photosynthetically active radiation,
diffuse radiation including reflectance from soil, canopies and leaves), rainfall,
atmospheric carbon dioxide, minerals, and others such as ozone and UV-B radiation etc.
UNIT III 8
Photosynthetic mechanisms and principles affected by environmental factors,
photosynthetic responses to a range of temperature, rainfall (irrigation), light intensity,
ultraviolet-B radiation, carbon dioxide concentration, and mineral nutrition; Cellular
and biochemical mechanisms relate to plant responses to the environment.
UNIT IV 7
Plant responses from leaf physiological processes to canopies and finally to community,
growth and developmental processes with environmental factors inter and intra-plant
and the overall community-level productivity.

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UNIT V 8
Biotic and abiotic stresses affect plant growth, development and crop productivity;
Adaptation strategies at the morphological and anatomical level of plants, signal
transduction, phytohormones.
UNIT VI 7
Plants responses to climate change and environmental stress, bio-indicating approach
for environmental stress identification, changes in vegetation, effect on biodiversity,
plant’s adaptive mechanism against environmental stresses.
ASSESSMENT
PART A Internal UNIT- I, II 20% (Written Test)
Assessment-I
Internal UNIT- III, IV 20% (Marks in any mode: Assignment
Assessment-II Presentation, Quiz)
PART B End Semester UNIT- I-VI 60% (Written Test)
Examination
SUGGESTED READINGS
Text Books:
1. Lincoln, T. L., & Zeiger, E. (2012). Plant Physiology, 5th Edition.
2. Buchanan, B.B., & Gruissem, W., & Russell, L. (2015). Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology of Plants, 2nd Edition.
3. Dey, P.M. & Harborne, J.B. (1997). Plant Biochemistry. Academic Press.
Reference Books
1. Shah, F. (2021). Abiotic stress in plants. BoD–Books on Demand.
2. Gerhardt, A. (2019). Bioindicator species and their use in biomonitoring. Environmental
monitoring 1 (2002): 77-123. Bosco de Oliveira, Alexandre. "Abiotic and Biotic Stress in
Plants." 174.
3. Wood, W. B. (2001). ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE AND MIGRATION, Global
migrants, global refugees: Problems and solutions ,42.

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ENV 536: Carbon Capture and Sequestration Technology (3 Credits)
Program: Environmental Science Integrated M.Sc. (5 years) & M.Sc. (2 years)
SEMESTER IX & III
Course: Carbon Capture and Sequestration Technology
Course TEACHING EXAMINATION SCHEME CREDITS ALLOTTED
status SCHEME
Elective Theory: Internal Assessment: 40 Marks Theory: 03
3 hours/week End Semester Exam: 60 Marks
Course Pre-requisite: Student should have basic knowledge of Ecology, Environmental Science
and Life Science.
COURSE 1. Understand the carbon concentrating mechanisms and global carbon
OBJECTIVES cycling in the context of climate change mitigation and the
significance of carbon capture technologies
2. Give exposure to current and future CCS technologies with their
merits and demerits
3. Provide a basic foundation of knowledge on the implication of the
low carbon technologies and integration of CCS technologies for food,
energy and environment.
4. Analyze available methods CCS to combat climate change.
COURSE By the end of the course, the student will be able to:
OUTCOMES(CO) CO1.Understand how carbon is regulated in different environmental
components.
CO2. Understand how carbon capture and sequestration/storage (CCS)
fits into the energy space.
CO3. Evaluate the biological carbon capture and physico-geo-
chemical sequestration procedures.
CO4. Distinguish carbon concentrating mechanisms in the biological
world.
CO5. Analyze appropriate and available methods of CCS to
integrate it with the green technologies.
CO6. Judge the appropriate methods of carbon capture and
sequestration.
COURSE CONTENT Hours
UNIT I 8
Introduction and scope of the CCS (Carbon capture and sequestration). CCS in the
energy space- A nexus between energy, electricity, fossil fuel and carbon emission,
Carbon budget of the Earth, Carbon emissions.
UNIT II 8
Sequestration in different environmental segments, atmospheric, trends of historic
CO2 levels and global changes in carbon, limitations of the natural carbon
sequestration. Carbon concentrating mechanisms of plants and algae.
UNIT III 8
Different physical and chemical technologies of carbon capture, storage and
sequestration. Absorption- existing agents and technologies, selection of absorbing
agents, optimizing on absorption process, Adsorption- Selection of adsorbent, Novel
materials for adsorption.
UNIT IV 7
Membranes- physical and chemical factors affecting the potential membranes for
carbon sorption and transformation. Artificial photosynthesis. Merits and demerits of

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the different methods.
UNIT V 7
Geotechnology for CCS. Geologic Carbon Sequestration: Introduction, Continuum
Scale, Pore-Scale Phenomena, selection of CO2 storage sites, additional economical
processes e.g enhanced oil recovery.
UNIT VI 7
Carbon sequestration using deep natural minerals, saline lands, lagoons, the process
of CO2 injection and transportation, sorption and sequestration mechanisms. CO2
sequestration in seawater and saline reservoirs. Carbon sequestration in soil.
Biotechnology for improvement in biological sequestration.

ASSESSMENT
PART A Internal UNIT-I, II 20% (Written Test)
Assessment-I
Internal UNIT-III, IV 20% (Marks in any mode: Assignment
Assessment-II Presentation, Quiz)
PART B End Semester UNIT- I- VI 60% (Written Test)
Examination
SUGGESTED READINGS
Text Books:
1. Baird, C., & Cann, M. (2008). Environmental Chemistry, W.H. Freeman and company.
2. Manahan, S. (2017). Environmental chemistry. CRC press.

References:
1. Rackley, S. A. (2017). Carbon Capture and Storage, 2nd edition. Butterworth- Heinemann –
Elsevier.
2. Jennifer, W. (2012). Carbon Capture, Springer.
3. Hester, R.E., & Harrison , R.M. (2010) .Carbon capture: sequestration and storage. Royal
Society of Chemistry.
4. Borowitzka, M.A., Beardall, J. & Raven, J.A. (2016). The physiology of microalgae (Vol.
Cham: Springer).

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