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17 views7 pages

Document (18)

Uploaded by

Ahmed Mohamed Jama Tawakal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Name= Abdillahi Mohamed Abdirahman

ID Number = BSCS/287/2024
Faculty = Computer science
Department = Software engineering Course = Information and Technology
Title = Summarize These topics
System Unit
Secondary storage
Communication and Network
System Unit
The system unit is the main enclosure of a computer that houses the key hardware
components required for processing and managing data. It is sometimes referred to
as the "tower" or "chassis" in desktop computers. Below are the key elements
within the system unit.

Motherboard:
The central circuit board connecting all the components.
Hosts the CPU, RAM, and storage devices, and provides expansion slots for
additional hardware.
Processor (CPU):
The "brain" of the computer, responsible for executing instructions and performing
calculations.

Memory (RAM):
Temporary storage that allows the computer to access data and programs quickly
while in use.
Storage device:
Hard Disk Drives (hdds) or Solid-State Drives (ssds) are used to store data
permanently.

Power Supply Unit (PSU):

Converts electrical power into usable energy for the internal components.

Input/Output Interfaces:

Ports for connecting peripherals such as USB devices, monitors, and audio
systems.

The system unit serves as the core hub where all processing, storage, and
input/output functions converge, enabling the computer to perform various tasks
efficiently.

Secondary Storage

Secondary storage refers to non-volatile storage devices used to store data and
programs permanently. Unlike primary storage (RAM), which is temporary and
volatile, secondary storage retains data even when the computer is powered off. It
is essential for saving files, software, and operating systems for long-term access.

Characteristics of Secondary Storage:

Permanent Storage: Data remains intact until deliberately deleted or overwritten.


Large Capacity: Can store vast amounts of data compared to primary memory.
Slower Access: Data retrieval is slower than accessing data from RAM.
Non-volatile: Data is not lost when power is turned off.

Types of Secondary Storage:


Hard Disk Drives (hdds): Use magnetic storage technology.

Provide large storage capacity at an affordable cost.


Slower compared to ssds but durable for long-term storage.
Solid-State Drives (ssds):
Use flash memory technology for faster data access.
More durable and energy-efficient than hdds but relatively expensive.
Optical Storage:
Includes cds, dvds, and Blu-ray discs. Used for distributing media and archiving.
Flash Storage:
Includes USB flash drives and memory cards.
Portable and convenient for transferring smaller amounts of data.
Cloud Storage:
Data stored on remote servers accessed via the internet. Offers scalability, remote
access, and backup solutions.

Uses of Secondary Storage:

Storing operating systems, applications, and user data.


Archiving and backing up important files.
Facilitating data transfer between devices.
Secondary storage plays a critical role in ensuring that data is preserved and
accessible for future use.
Communication

Involves the transfer of data or information between devices or users.

Relies on communication devices (e.g., modems, routers) and communication


protocols (e.g., TCP/IP, HTTP).

Supports various types of data transmission:


Wired Communication: Uses cables like Ethernet.
Wireless Communication: Uses technologies like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and cellular
networks.

Network
A network is a group of interconnected devices that share data and resources.
Networks can vary in size, type, and purpose.
Key Types of Networks:
Local Area Network (LAN):

Covers a small geographic area, such as an office or home. Typically uses Ethernet
or Wi-Fi.

Wide Area Network (WAN):


Spans large geographic areas, such as countries or continents. The internet is the
largest example of a WAN.

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN):


Connects multiple lans within a city or metropolitan area.

Personal Area Network (PAN):


A small network for personal devices like smartphones, tablets, and laptops.

Key Components of a Network:


Hardware: Routers, switches, modems, network cables.
Software: Protocols and applications for managing network traffic.
Media: Physical or wireless channels for data transmission.

Functions and Benefits:


Data Sharing: Enables sharing of files, databases, and applications.
Resource Sharing: Allows multiple devices to use shared resources like printers or
servers.
Communication: Facilitates instant messaging, video conferencing, and email.
Collaboration: Supports teamwork through shared tools and platforms.
Scalability: Networks can expand to accommodate more users and devices.
Communication and networks are foundational to modern technology, driving
connectivity and enabling efficient data exchange in homes, businesses, and across
the globe.

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