Mathematics (www.tiwariacademy.com) (Chapter - 10) (Vector Algebra) (Exercise 10.1) (Class - XIN) Question 1: Represent graphically a displacement of 40 km, 30° east of north. Answer 1 ‘Taking scale 10 km = 1 unit Here, the vector OP represent the displacement of 40 km, 30° East of North. North West East South Question 2: Classify the following measures as scalars and vectors. (i) 10 kg (ii) 2 metres north-west (iii) 40° (iv) 40 watt (vy) 10°" coulomb (vi) 20 m/s? Answer 2: (i) 10 kgisa scalar quantity because it involves only magnitude. (ii) 2 meters north-west is a vector quantity as it involves both magnitude and direction. (iii) 40° is a scalar quantity as it involves only magnitude. (iv) 40 watts is a scalar quantity as it involves only magnitude. (v) 10 coulomb isa scalar quantity as it involves only magnitude. (vi) 20 m/s*isa vector quantity as it involves magnitude as well as direction, Question 3: Classify the following as scalar and vector quantities. (@ time period (ii) distance (iii) force (iv) velocity (v) work done €Answer 3: (i) Time period is a scalar quantity as itinvolves only magnitude. (il) Distance is a scalar quantity as it involves only magnitude. (iii) Force is a vector quantity as it involves both magnitude and direction. (iv) Velocity is a vector quantity as it involves both magnitude as well as direction (¥) Work done is a scalar quantity as it involves only magnitude.Mathematics (wwwtiwariacademy.com) (Chapter - 10) (Vector Algebra) (Exercise 10.1) (Class XIN) Question 4: In Figure, identify the following vectors. Gil) Equal (iti) Collinear but not equal a d b — é €Answer 4: (i) Vectors @ and d are coinitial because they have the same point. (ii) Vectors d and 5 are equal because they have the same magnitude and direction. (ili) Vectors @ and Z are collinear but not equal. This is because although they are parallel, but their directions are not the same. Question 5: Answer the following as true or false. (@ dand—d are collinear. (ii) Two collinear vectors are always equal in magnitude. (iii) Two vectors having same magnitude are collinear. (iv) Two collinear vectors having the same magnitude are equal. Answer 5: (@ True. Vectors @ and —d are parallel to the same line. (ii) False. Collinear vectors are those vectors that are parallel to the same line. But itis not necessary that they are equal also. (ili) False. Two vectors having same magnitude may have different (iv) False ‘Two collinear vectors having same magnitude are not equal when they are opposite in directions, ‘ection, so they are not collinear.Mathematics (www.tiwariacademy.com) (Chapter - 10) (Vector Algebra) (Exercise 10.2) aay Question 1: Compute the magnitude of the following vectors: 2 2 1 1 st+j+k b= 2t-7j-3k; é=Zt+Zj-sk oe i Be 8 Answer 1: ‘The given vectors are: i 1 a=i+j+k; @é=— di a Therefore, we have la) = JP? +1? +1? = V3 [B| = VF CIES CBP = VEE ADT 9 = VOR z : i~ [+ -Ce= e- F Question 2: Write two different vectors having same magnitude. €Answer 2: Consider d and b two different vectors as follows: -27+3k and b=2t+j—3k a= Now, la] = J? + (2)? +3? = Vi4449 = V4 |b] = (22 417 + Gay = VaFT 49 = VTE Hence, the two vectors, which are different, having same magnitude. Question 3: Write two different vectors having same direction. Answer 3: Consider j and g two different vectors as follows: B=it+j+3k and G=20+27+6k Now the direction cosines of vector # are given by 1 1 1 1 3 3 = =, = and n= = Tees Vit Peres Vi Weres Vii ‘The direction cosines of vector are given by eee oe ee eet eee oe eG teeta “lea ere Va Vi” Verere va vi" vereee Va Vi Here, p and g are different vectors, but they are in same direction as their direction cosines are same.Mathematics (wwwtiwariacademy.com) (Chapter - 10) (Vector Algebra) (Exercise 10.2) (Class - XIN) Question 4: Find the values of x and y so that the vectors 2i + 3j and xi + yj are equal €Answer 4: ‘The two vectors 2? + 3 and xt + yf will be equal if their corresponding components are equal. Hence, the required values of x and y are 2 and 3 respectively. Question 5: Find the scalar and vector components of the vector with initial point (2, 1) and terminal point (5, 7). Answer 5: The vector with the initial point P (2, 1) and terminal point Q (-5, 7) can be given by, PQ = 0G - OP = (-Si + 7j) — (28+) =—7i+ 67 Hence, the required scalar components are -7 and 6 while the vector components are —7i and 6j. Question 6: Find the sum of the vectors @ = 1-2) +k, b= —2i+4j+S5kandé 6j - 7k. Answer 6: The given vectors are d= 1-2) + k, B= -2i + 4j + 5k and@ =1 — 67 — 7k, therefore a+b+e 2 +k) +(-21+ 47 + 5k) + (1-67 - 7k) i= 28+ 1) + (-2j + 47 — 67) + (R45 - 7k) =0i-4j-k=-4j-k Question 7: Find the unit vector in the direction of the vector @ = Answer 7: ‘The unit vector in the direction of @ is given by a ~ al Here, |a| = VI? +12 +2? = V1+1+ 4 = V6, therefore +f + 2k. gu ith eek “Ta vepmmve’ “ye! * ye Question 8: Find the unit vector in the direction of vector P@, where P and Qare the points (1, 2, 3) and (4, 5,6), respectively. €Answer 8: The given points are P (1, 2, 3) and Q (4, 5, 6). Therefore, PQ = 00 - OF = (424+ 5) + 6K) — (i+ 27+ 3h) = 31+ 3)+3h ‘The unit vector in the direction of PG is given by [PQ Here, |PQ| = V3? + 3? + 3 = VIF 949 = V27 = 3N3, therefore PO _3i+3j+3k i+jthk 1 wcce we a aa tal taMathematics (www.tiwariacademy.com) (Chapter - 10) (Vector Algebra) (Exercise 10.2) (Class -x1 Question 9: For given vectors, d = 21—j + 2k andb €Answer 9: ‘The given vectors are @ = 21—j + 2k and b = ~i +f — &, therefore a+5 = (2t-7+2k)+(-1+7-& =(@t-+ (f+) + (2k-# =it+Ojtkai+k ‘The unit vector in the direction of @ +b is given by ash |a+a] = Vit 40°F 1 = VEF0FT = V2, therefore the unit vector is given by 1 1 ee 2 V2 —i+j—& find the unit vector in the direction of the vector @ +B. Here, |a + 8 Question 1! Find a vector in the direction of vector St —j + 2% which has magnitude 8 units. €Answer 10: Letd = Si—j+ 2k, therefore |i] = (5? + (—1)?+ 2? = V254144 The unit vector in the direction of @is given by a@ _Si-j+2k lal v30_ ‘Therefore, a vector in the direction of vector St — j + 2 which has magnitude 8 units, is given by ae (E4) 40 8. 16 v30 a= a0" ~ Ya! * Yaa 30 Question 11: Show that the vectors 2?= 37 + 4k and —4i + 6j — 8k are collinear. Answer 11; Let @ = 21-37 + 4h andb i + 67 — Be Here, b = —4i + 6j — 8k = —2(21 - 3) + 4K, Hence, vectors d and B are collinear. -2d = b = Ad, where a Question 12: " Find the direction cosines of the vector i + 2j + 3k. €Answer 12: _ Let @ = i+ 2j + 3k, therefore la] = V1? +2? +3? = VE4449 = VIE The unit vector in the direction of dis given by , @ i+27+3k 1, 02,3 aa Ga UF 2k lal 14 14 Via V4 Hence, the direction cosines of the vector @ = i + 2j + 3k are aMathematics (wwwtiwariacademy.com) (Chapter - 10) (Vector Algebra) (Exercise 10.2) (Class -x10) Question 13: Find the direction cosines of the vector j €Answer 13: ‘The given points are A (1, 2, ~3) and B (-1, -2, 1). Therefore AB = 0B - OA = (-1- 27 +) — (0+ 27 - 3k) = -22- 47 + 4k ‘The unit vector in the direction of P@ is given by_ ee [4B Here, |AB| = (—2)? + (4)? + # = v4+ 16 + 16 = V36 = 6, therefore RB AB -2i-47 + 4k size A [4B] is ing the points A (1, 2, ~3) and B (-1, -2, 1) directed from A to B. 6 3 3 Hence, the direction cosines of the vector AB = t + 2) + 3k are Question 14: Show that the vector ? + j + kis equally inclined to the axes OX, OY, and OZ. €Answer 14: Letd =1+) +f, therefore la] = JP? +122 +1? = VET +1 = v3 The unit vector in the direction of @ is given by @ it+jtk 1 : 1 a lal Aap v3 v3 v3 Hence, the direction cosines of the vector d= t+j+kare & ees =) V3 v3" V3) Now, let a, Band y be the angles formed by @ with the positive directions of x, y, and z axes ‘Then, we have 1 1 e088 = cosa COs v3 Hence, the given vector is equally inclined to axes OX, OY, and 02. Question 15: Find the position vector of a point R which divides the line joining two points P and Q whose position vectors arei + 2j—kand—i+j +k respectively, in the ration 2:1 (i) internally Gi) externally Answer 15: The position vector of point R dividing the line segment joining two points P and Q in the ratio m: ; a mb +nd internally: mb — nd Externally mn Position vectors of P and Qare givenMathematics (www.tiwariacademy.com) (Chapter - 10) (Vector Algebra) (Exercise 10.2) (Class - XIN) (i The position vector of point R which divides the line joining two points P and Q internally in the ratio 2:1 is given by, ++ +10 + 3h 241 4 pote tality (ii) The position vector of point R which divides the line joining two points P and Q externally in the ratio 2:1 is given by, i+j+k)-1(1+2-8) Question 16: Find the position vector of the mid-point of the vector joining the points P (2, 3, 4) and Q (4, 1, ~ 2). Answer 16: The position vector of mid-point R of the vector joining points P (2, 3, 4) and Q (4, 1, ~2) is given by, TR (2i +37 + 4k) + (42+ 2k) 2 6i+ 47+ 2k — =3+A+k Question 17: Show that the points A, B and C with position vectors, d = 3i- 4j — 4k, respectively form the vertices of a right angled triangle. €Answer 17: Position vectors of points A, B, and f are respectively given as: = 2t-j+kand@=t-37-5Sk OA =a = 31-4) — 4k, 08 Therefore, —j+kand0c — 3) -5k AB = 08 -0A =5-G =(2i-j+k) - (31-47-48) =-1+ 37 + 5h BC = OC - 0B = é—-b = (t- 37 - SR) - (2? +R) = -1- 25-6 CA = OA - 06 = a—¢ = (31-47 — 4k) — (1-37 —5k) = 21-f +k Now, |4B| = (C1? $3? +5? = VIF 9425 = = |AB) =35 [BC| = OP ¥ C2 CO? = VIF 4436 = = [BC| =41 [Cal = (2? + (1? +P = V4+141=V6 = [cal Here, [4B|" + [Al = 35 + 6 = 41 = [Bc|’ Hence, ABC is a right-angled triangle with right angle at A.Mathematics (www.tiwariacademy.com) (Chapter - 10) (Vector Algebra) (Exercise 10.2) (Class -x10) Question 18: In triangle ABC which of the following is not true (A) 4B + BC + CA (B) AB + BC - (C)AB + BC ~CA (D) AB - CB +A =6 answer 18: 4 ® On applying the triangle law of addition in the given triangle, we have: AB +BC = AC =) = AB +BC =-CA => AB+BC+CA=0 = Hence, the option (A) is true From (1), we have AB + BC = AC = AB+BC-AC=0 Hence, the option (B) is true, From (2), we have AB -CB+TA=0 So, the option (D) is true. Hence, the option (C) isnot true. Question 19: If@ and b are two collinear vectors, then which of the following are incorrect: (A) b = AG, for some scalar 2. (B)a=45 (C) the respective components of d and b are proportional. (D) both the vectors @ and b have same direction, but different magnitudes. €Answer 19: Ifd@ and b are two collinear vectors, then they are parallel. ‘Therefore, we have: b = Ad (for some scalar A) Hence, option (A) is true. Ifa = £1, we have Hence, the option (B) is also true. Ifand B are two collinear vectors, then they are parallel. The respective components of parallel vectors are proportional. So, the option (C) is not true. Hence, the option (D) is correct.